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Use the module to read, manipulate, or write an image or image sequence from within a Perl script. This makes it very suitable for Web CGI scripts. You must have ImageMagick 6.5.5 or above and Perl version 5.005_02 or greater installed on your system for PerlMagick to build properly.</p> 99 100<p>There are a number of useful scripts available to show you the value of PerlMagick. You can do Web based image manipulation and conversion with <a href="https://download.imagemagick.org/ImageMagick/download/perl">MagickStudio</a>, or use <a href="https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/tree/main/PerlMagick/demo/tree.pl">L-systems</a> to create images of plants using mathematical constructs, and finally navigate through collections of thumbnail images and select the image to view with the <a href="http://webmagick.sourceforge.net/">WebMagick Image Navigator</a>.</p> 101 102<p>You can try PerlMagick from your Web browser at the <a href="../MagickStudio/scripts/MagickStudio.cgi">ImageMagick Studio</a>. Or, you can see <a href="examples.html">examples</a> of select PerlMagick functions.</p> 103 104<h2><a class="anchor" id="installation"></a>Installation</h2> 105 106<p><b>UNIX</b></p> 107 108<p>Is PerlMagick available from your system RPM repository? For example, on our CentOS system, we install PerlMagick thusly:</p> 109 110<pre class="highlight"><code>yum install ImageMagick-perl 111</code></pre> 112 113<p>If not, you must install PerlMagick from the ImageMagick source distribution. Download the latest <a href="https://download.imagemagick.org/ImageMagick/download/ImageMagick.tar.gz">source</a> release.</p> 114 115<p>Unpack the distribution with this command:</p> 116 117<pre class="highlight"><code>tar xvzf ImageMagick.tar.gz 118</code></pre> 119 120<p>Next configure and compile ImageMagick:</p> 121 122<pre><span class="crtprompt">$ </span><span class='crtin'>cd ImageMagick-7.0.10<br/>$ ./configure -with-perl<br/>$ make</span></pre> 123<p>If ImageMagick / PerlMagick configured and compiled without complaint, you are ready to install it on your system. Administrator privileges are required to install. To install, type</p> 124 125<pre class="highlight"><code>sudo make install 126</code></pre> 127 128<p>You may need to configure the dynamic linker run-time bindings:</p> 129 130<pre class="highlight"><code>sudo ldconfig /usr/local/lib 131</code></pre> 132 133 134<p>Finally, verify the PerlMagick install worked properly, type</p> 135 136<pre class="highlight"><code>perl -MImage::Magick -le 'print Image::Magick->QuantumDepth' 137</code></pre> 138 139<p>Congratulations, you have a working ImageMagick distribution and you are ready to use PerlMagick to <a href="https://legacy.imagemagick.org/Usage/">convert, compose, or edit</a> your images.</p> 140 141<p><b>Windows XP / Windows 2000</b></p> 142 143<p>ImageMagick must already be installed on your system. Also, the ImageMagick source distribution for <a href="../www/download.html">Windows 2000</a> is required. You must also have the <code>nmake</code> from the Visual C++ or J++ development environment. Copy <code>\bin\IMagick.dll</code> and <code>\bin\X11.dll</code> to a directory in your dynamic load path such as <code>c:\perl\site\5.00502</code>.</p> 144 145<p>Next, type</p> 146 147<pre class="highlight"><code>cd PerlMagick 148perl Makefile.nt 149nmake 150nmake install 151</code></pre> 152 153 154<p><b>Running the Regression Tests</b></p> 155 156<p>To verify a correct installation, type</p> 157 158<pre class="highlight"><code>make test 159</code></pre> 160 161<p>Use <code>nmake test</code> under Windows. There are a few demonstration scripts available to exercise many of the functions PerlMagick can perform. Type</p> 162 163<pre class="highlight"><code>cd demo 164make 165</code></pre> 166 167<p>You are now ready to utilize the PerlMagick methods from within your Perl scripts.</p> 168 169<h2><a class="anchor" id="overview"></a>Overview</h2> 170 171<p>Any script that wants to use PerlMagick methods must first define the methods within its namespace and instantiate an image object. Do this with:</p> 172 173<pre class="highlight"><code>use Image::Magick; 174 175$image = Image::Magick->new; 176</code></pre> 177 178<p>PerlMagick is <var>quantum</var> aware. You can request a specific quantum depth when you instantiate an image object:</p> 179 180<pre class="highlight"><code>use Image::Magick::Q16; 181 182$image = Image::Magick::Q16->new; 183</code></pre> 184 185<p>The new() method takes the same parameters as <a href="perl-magick.html#set-attribute">SetAttribute</a> . For example,</p> 186 187<pre class="highlight"><code>$image = Image::Magick->new(size=>'384x256'); 188</code></pre> 189 190<p>Next you will want to read an image or image sequence, manipulate it, and then display or write it. The input and output methods for PerlMagick are defined in <a href="perl-magick.html#read">Read or Write an Image</a>. See <a href="perl-magick.html#set-attribute">Set an Image Attribute</a> for methods that affect the way an image is read or written. Refer to <a href="perl-magick.html#manipulate">Manipulate an Image</a> for a list of methods to transform an image. <a href="perl-magick.html#get-attribute">Get an Image Attribute</a> describes how to retrieve an attribute for an image. Refer to <a href="perl-magick.html#montage">Create an Image Montage</a> for details about tiling your images as thumbnails on a background. Finally, some methods do not neatly fit into any of the categories just mentioned. Review <a href="perl-magick.html#misc">Miscellaneous Methods</a> for a list of these methods.</p> 191 192<p>Once you are finished with a PerlMagick object you should consider destroying it. Each image in an image sequence is stored in virtual memory. This can potentially add up to mebibytes of memory. Upon destroying a PerlMagick object, the memory is returned for use by other Perl methods. The recommended way to destroy an object is with <code>undef</code>:</p> 193 194<pre class="highlight"><code>undef $image; 195</code></pre> 196 197<p>To delete all the images but retain the <code>Image::Magick</code> object use</p> 198 199<pre class="highlight"><code>@$image = (); 200</code></pre> 201 202<p>and finally, to delete a single image from a multi-image sequence, use</p> 203 204<pre class="highlight"><code>undef $image->[$x]; 205</code></pre> 206 207<p>The next section illustrates how to use various PerlMagick methods to manipulate an image sequence.</p> 208 209<p>Some of the PerlMagick methods require external programs such as <a href="http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/">Ghostscript</a>. This may require an explicit path in your PATH environment variable to work properly. For example (in Unix),</p> 210 211<pre class="highlight"><code>$ENV{PATH}' . "='/../bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin'; 212</code></pre> 213 214<h2><a class="anchor" id="example"></a>Example Script</h2> 215 216<p>Here is an example script to get you started:</p> 217 218<pre class="highlight"><code>#!/usr/local/bin/perl 219use Image::Magick;<br /> 220my($image, $x);<br /> 221$image = Image::Magick->new; 222$x = $image->Read('girl.png', 'logo.png', 'rose.png'); 223warn "$x" if "$x";<br /> 224$x = $image->Crop(geometry=>'100x100+100+100'); 225warn "$x" if "$x";<br /> 226$x = $image->Write('x.png'); 227warn "$x" if "$x"; 228</code></pre> 229 230<p>The script reads three images, crops them, and writes a single image as a GIF animation sequence. In many cases you may want to access individual images of a sequence. The next example illustrates how this done:</p> 231 232<pre class="pre-scrollable highlight"><code>#!/usr/local/bin/perl 233use Image::Magick;<br /> 234my($image, $p, $q);<br /> 235$image = new Image::Magick; 236$image->Read('x1.png'); 237$image->Read('j*.jpg'); 238$image->Read('k.miff[1, 5, 3]'); 239$image->Contrast(); 240for ($x = 0; $image->[$x]; $x++) 241{ 242 $image->[$x]->Frame('100x200') if $image->[$x]->Get('magick') eq 'GIF'; 243 undef $image->[$x] if $image->[$x]->Get('columns') < 100; 244} 245$p = $image->[1]; 246$p->Draw(stroke=>'red', primitive=>'rectangle', points=>20,20 100,100'); 247$q = $p->Montage(); 248undef $image; 249$q->Write('x.miff'); 250</code></pre> 251 252<p>Suppose you want to start out with a 100 by 100 pixel white canvas with a red pixel in the center. Try</p> 253 254<pre class="highlight"><code>$image = Image::Magick->new; 255$image->Set(size=>'100x100'); 256$image->ReadImage('canvas:white'); 257$image->Set('pixel[49,49]'=>'red'); 258</code></pre> 259 260<p>Here we reduce the intensity of the red component at (1,1) by half:</p> 261 262<pre class="highlight"><code>@pixels = $image->GetPixel(x=>1,y=>1); 263$pixels[0]*=0.5; 264$image->SetPixel(x=>1,y=>1,color=>\@pixels); 265</code></pre> 266 267<p>Or suppose you want to convert your color image to grayscale:</p> 268 269<pre class="highlight"><code>$image->Quantize(colorspace=>'gray'); 270</code></pre> 271 272<p>Let's annotate an image with a Taipai TrueType font:</p> 273 274<pre class="highlight"><code>$text = 'Works like magick!'; 275$image->Annotate(font=>'kai.ttf', pointsize=>40, fill=>'green', text=>$text); 276</code></pre> 277 278<p>Perhaps you want to extract all the pixel intensities from an image and write them to STDOUT:</p> 279 280<pre class="highlight"><code>@pixels = $image->GetPixels(map=>'I', height=>$height, width=>$width, normalize=>true); 281binmode STDOUT; 282print pack('B*',join('',@pixels)); 283</code></pre> 284 285<p>Other clever things you can do with a PerlMagick objects include</p> 286 287<pre class="highlight"><code>$i = $#$p"+1"; # return the number of images associated with object p 288push(@$q, @$p); # push the images from object p onto object q 289@$p = (); # delete the images but not the object p 290$p->Convolve([1, 2, 1, 2, 4, 2, 1, 2, 1]); # 3x3 Gaussian kernel 291</code></pre> 292 293 <h2><a class="anchor" id="read"></a>Read or Write an Image</h2> 294 295<p>Use the methods listed below to either read, write, or display an image or image sequence:</p> 296 297<table class="table table-sm table-hover"> 298<caption>Read or Write Methods</caption> 299<colgroup> 300 <col width="20%" /> 301 <col width="20%" /> 302 <col width="20%" /> 303 <col width="40%" /> 304</colgroup> 305<tbody> 306 307 <tr> 308 <th>Method</th> 309 <th>Parameters</th> 310 <th>Return Value</th> 311 <th>Description</th> 312 </tr> 313 314 <tr> 315 <td>Read</td> 316 <td>one or more filenames</td> 317 <td>the number of images read</td> 318 <td>read an image or image sequence</td> 319 </tr> 320 321 <tr> 322 <td>Write</td> 323 <td>filename</td> 324 <td>the number of images written</td> 325 <td>write an image or image sequence</td> 326 </tr> 327 328 <tr> 329 <td>Display</td> 330 <td>server name</td> 331 <td>the number of images displayed</td> 332 <td>display the image or image sequence to an X server</td> 333 </tr> 334 335 <tr> 336 <td>Animate</td> 337 <td>server name</td> 338 <td>the number of images animated</td> 339 <td>animate image sequence to an X server</td> 340 </tr> 341</tbody> 342</table> 343 344<p>For convenience, methods Write(), Display(), and Animate() can take any parameter that <a href="perl-magick.html#set-attribute">SetAttribute</a> knows about. For example,</p> 345 346<pre class="highlight"><code>$image->Write(filename=>'image.png', compression=>'None'); 347</code></pre> 348 349<p>Use <code>-</code> as the filename to method Read() to read from standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:</p> 350 351<pre class="highlight"><code>binmode STDOUT; 352$image->Write('png:-'); 353</code></pre> 354 355<p>To read an image in the GIF format from a PERL filehandle, use:</p> 356 357<pre class="highlight"><code>$image = Image::Magick->new; 358open(IMAGE, 'image.gif'); 359$image->Read(file=>\*IMAGE); 360close(IMAGE); 361</code></pre> 362 363<p>To write an image in the PNG format to a PERL filehandle, use:</p> 364 365<pre class="highlight"><code>$filename = "image.png"; 366open(IMAGE, ">$filename"); 367$image->Write(file=>\*IMAGE, filename=>$filename); 368close(IMAGE); 369</code></pre> 370 371<p>Note, reading from or writing to a Perl filehandle may fail under Windows due to different versions of the C-runtime libraries between ImageMagick and the ActiveState Perl distributions or if one of the DLL's is linked with the /MT option. See <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms235460.aspx">Potential Errors Passing CRT Objects Across DLL Boundaries</a> for an explanation.</p> 372 373<p>If <code>%0Nd, %0No, or %0Nx</code> appears in the filename, it is interpreted as a printf format specification and the specification is replaced with the specified decimal, octal, or hexadecimal encoding of the scene number. For example,</p> 374 375<pre class="highlight"><code>image%03d.miff 376</code></pre> 377 378<p>converts files image000.miff, image001.miff, etc.</p> 379 380<p>You can optionally add <i>Image</i> to any method name. For example, ReadImage() is an alias for method Read().</p> 381 382<h2><a class="anchor" id="manipulate"></a>Manipulate an Image</h2> 383 384<p>Once you create an image with, for example, method ReadImage() you may want to operate on it. Below is a list of all the image manipulations methods available to you with PerlMagick. There are <a href="examples.html">examples</a> of select PerlMagick methods. Here is an example call to an image manipulation method:</p> 385 386<pre class="highlight"><code>$image->Crop(geometry=>'100x100+10+20'); 387$image->[$x]->Frame("100x200"); 388</code></pre> 389 390<p>And here is a list of other image manipulation methods you can call:</p> 391 392<table class="table table-sm table-hover"> 393<caption>Image Manipulation Methods</caption> 394<tbody> 395 <tr> 396 <th>Method</th> 397 <th style="width: 40%">Parameters</th> 398 <th style="width: 40%">Description</th> 399 </tr> 400 401 <tr> 402 <td>AdaptiveBlur</td> 403 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, radius=><i>double</i>, sigma=><i>double</i>, bias=><i>double</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td> 404 <td>adaptively blur the image with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma). Decrease the effect near edges.</td> 405 </tr> 406 407 <tr> 408 <td>AdaptiveResize</td> 409 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i>, filter=>{Point, Box, Triangle, Hermite, Hanning, Hamming, Blackman, Gaussian, Quadratic, Cubic, Catrom, Mitchell, Lanczos, Bessel, Sinc}, support=><i>double</i>, blur=><i>double</i></td> 410 <td>adaptively resize image using data dependant triangulation. Specify <code>blur</code> > 1 for blurry or < 1 for sharp</td> 411 </tr> 412 413 <tr> 414 <td>AdaptiveSharpen</td> 415 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, radius=><i>double</i>, sigma=><i>double</i>, bias=><i>double</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td> 416 <td>adaptively sharpen the image with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma). Increase the effect near edges.</td> 417 </tr> 418 419 <tr> 420 <td>AdaptiveThreshold</td> 421 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i>, bias=><i>double</i></td> 422 <td>local adaptive thresholding.</td> 423 </tr> 424 425 <tr> 426 <td>AddNoise</td> 427 <td>noise=>{Uniform, Gaussian, Multiplicative, Impulse, Laplacian, Poisson}, attenuate=><i>double</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td> 428 <td>add noise to an image</td> 429 </tr> 430 431 <tr> 432 <td>AffineTransform</td> 433 <td>affine=><i>array of float values</i>, translate=><i>float, float</i>, scale=> <i>float, float</i>, rotate=><i>float</i>, skewX=><i>float</i>, skewY=><i>float</i>, interpolate={Average, Bicubic, Bilinear, Filter, Integer, Mesh, NearestNeighbor}, background=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i></td> 434 <td>affine transform image</td> 435 </tr> 436 437 <tr> 438 <td>Affinity</td> 439 <td>image=><i>image-handle</i>, method=>{None, FloydSteinberg, Riemersma}</td> 440 <td>choose a particular set of colors from this image</td> 441 </tr> 442 443 <tr> 444 <td>Annotate</td> 445 <td>text=><i>string</i>, font=><i>string</i>, family=><i>string</i>, style=>{Normal, Italic, Oblique, Any}, stretch=>{Normal, UltraCondensed, ExtraCondensed, Condensed, SemiCondensed, SemiExpanded, Expanded, ExtraExpanded, UltraExpanded}, weight=><i>integer</i>, pointsize=><i>integer</i>, density=><i>geometry</i>, stroke=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, strokewidth=><i>integer</i>, fill=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, undercolor=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, kerning=><i>float</i>, geometry=><i>geometry</i>, gravity=>{NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast}, antialias=>{true, false}, x=><i>integer</i>, y=><i>integer</i>, affine=><i>array of float values</i>, translate=><i>float, float</i>, scale=><i>float, float</i>, rotate=><i>float</i>. skewX=><i>float</i>, skewY=> <i>float</i>, align=>{Left, Center, Right}, encoding=>{UTF-8}, interline-spacing=><i>double</i>, interword-spacing=><i>double</i>, direction=>{right-to-left, left-to-right}, decorate=>{none, underline, overline, line-through}</td> 446 <td>annotate an image with text. See <a href="perl-magick.html#misc">QueryFontMetrics</a> to get font metrics without rendering any text.</td> 447 </tr> 448 449 <tr> 450 <td>AutoGamma</td> 451 <td>channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td> 452 <td>automagically adjust gamma level of image</td> 453 </tr> 454 455 <tr> 456 <td>AutoLevel</td> 457 <td>channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td> 458 <td>automagically adjust color levels of image</td> 459 </tr> 460 461 <tr> 462 <td>AutoOrient</td> 463 <td><br /></td> 464 <td>adjusts an image so that its orientation is suitable for viewing (i.e. top-left orientation)</td> 465 </tr> 466 467 <tr> 468 <td>AutoThreshold</td> 469 <td>method=>{Kapur, OTSU, Triangle}</td> 470 <td>automatically perform image thresholding</td> 471 </tr> 472 473 <tr> 474 <td>BilateralSmoothing</td> 475 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i>, intensity-sigma=><i>double</i>, spatial-sigma=><i>double</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td> 476 <td>a non-linear, edge-preserving, and noise-reducing smoothing filter for images. It replaces the intensity of each pixel with a weighted average of intensity values from nearby pixels. This weight is based on a Gaussian distribution. The weights depend not only on Euclidean distance of pixels, but also on the radiometric differences (e.g., range differences, such as color intensity, depth distance, etc.). This preserves sharp edges. The default value for the intensity and spatial sigmas are <var>2*diameter</var> and <var>0.5*diameter</var> respectively.</td> 477 </tr> 478 479 <tr> 480 <td>BlackThreshold</td> 481 <td>threshold=><i>color</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td> 482 <td>force all pixels below the threshold intensity into black</td> 483 </tr> 484 485 <tr> 486 <td>BlueShift</td> 487 <td>factor=><i>double</i>,</td> 488 <td>simulate a scene at nighttime in the moonlight. Start with a factor of 1.5.</td> 489 </tr> 490 491 <tr> 492 <td>Blur</td> 493 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, radius=><i>double</i>, sigma=><i>double</i>, bias=><i>double</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td> 494 <td>reduce image noise and reduce detail levels with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</td> 495 </tr> 496 497 <tr> 498 <td>Border</td> 499 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i>, bordercolor=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, compose=>{Undefined, Add, Atop, Blend, Bumpmap, Clear, ColorBurn, ColorDodge, Colorize, CopyBlack, CopyBlue, CopyCMYK, Cyan, CopyGreen, Copy, CopyMagenta, CopyAlpha, CopyRed, RGB, CopyYellow, Darken, Dst, Difference, Displace, Dissolve, DstAtop, DstIn, DstOut, DstOver, Dst, Exclusion, HardLight, Hue, In, Lighten, Luminize, Minus, Modulate, Multiply, None, Out, Overlay, Over, Plus, ReplaceCompositeOp, Saturate, Screen, SoftLight, Src, SrcAtop, SrcIn, SrcOut, SrcOver, Src, Subtract, Threshold, Xor },</td> 500 <td>surround the image with a border of color</td> 501 </tr> 502 503 <tr> 504 <td>CannyEdge</td> 505 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, radius=><i>double</i>, sigma=><i>double</i>, 'lower-percent'=><i>double</i>, 'upper-percent'=><i>double</i></td> 506 <td>use a multi-stage algorithm to detect a wide range of edges in the image (e.g. CannyEdge('0x1+10%+40%')).</td> 507 </tr> 508 509 <tr> 510 <td>Charcoal</td> 511 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, radius=><i>double</i>, sigma=><i>double</i></td> 512 <td>simulate a charcoal drawing</td> 513 </tr> 514 515 <tr> 516 <td>Chop</td> 517 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i>, x=><i>integer</i>, y=><i>integer</i>, gravity=>{NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast}</td> 518 <td>chop an image</td> 519 </tr> 520 521 <tr> 522 <td>CLAHE</td> 523 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i>, number-bins=><i>integer</i>, clip-limit=><i>double</i></td> 524 <td>contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization. <var>width</var>, <var>height</var> divides the image into tiles. <var>number-bins</var> is the number of histogram bins per tile (min 2, max 256). <var>clip-limit</var> is the contrast limit for localised changes in contrast. A clip-limit of 2 to 3 is a good starting place.</td> 525 </tr> 526 527 <tr> 528 <td>Clamp</td> 529 <td>channel=>{Red, RGB, All, etc.}</td> 530 <td>set each pixel whose value is below zero to zero and any the pixel whose value is above the quantum range to the quantum range (e.g. 65535) otherwise the pixel value remains unchanged.</td> 531 </tr> 532 533 <tr> 534 <td>Clip</td> 535 <td>id=><i>name</i>, inside=><i>{true, false}</i>,</td> 536 <td>apply along a named path from the 8BIM profile.</td> 537 </tr> 538 539 <tr> 540 <td>ClipMask</td> 541 <td>mask=><i>image-handle</i></td> 542 <td>clip image as defined by the image mask</td> 543 </tr> 544 545 <tr> 546 <td>Clut</td> 547 <td>image=><i>image-handle</i>, interpolate={Average, Bicubic, Bilinear, Filter, Integer, Mesh, NearestNeighbor}, channel=>{Red, RGB, All, etc.}</td> 548 <td>apply a color lookup table to an image sequence</td> 549 </tr> 550 551 <tr> 552 <td>Color</td> 553 <td>color=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i></td> 554 <td>set the entire image to this color.</td> 555 </tr> 556 557 <tr> 558 <td>ColorDecisionList</td> 559 <td>filename=><i>string</i>,</td> 560 <td>color correct with a color decision list.</td> 561 </tr> 562 563 <tr> 564 <td>Colorize</td> 565 <td>fill=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, blend=><i>string</i></td> 566 <td>colorize the image with the fill color</td> 567 </tr> 568 569 <tr> 570 <td>ColorMatrix</td> 571 <td>matrix=><i>array of float values</i></td> 572 <td>apply color correction to the image. Although you can use variable sized matrices, typically you use a 5 x 5 for an RGBA image and a 6x6 for CMYKA. A 6x6 matrix is required for offsets (populate the last column with normalized values).</td> 573 </tr> 574 575 <tr> 576 <td>Colorspace</td> 577 <td>colorspace=>{RGB, Gray, Transparent, OHTA, XYZ, YCbCr, YCC, YIQ, YPbPr, YUV, CMYK}</td> 578 <td> set the image colorspace</td> 579 </tr> 580 581 <tr> 582 <td>Comment</td> 583 <td>string</td> 584 <td>add a comment to your image</td> 585 </tr> 586 587 <tr> 588 <td>ColorThreshold</td> 589 <td>start-color=><i>color</i>, stop-color=><i>color</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td> 590 <td>force all pixels below the threshold intensity into black</td> 591 </tr> 592 593 <tr> 594 <td>CompareLayers</td> 595 <td>method=>{any, clear, overlay}</td> 596 <td>compares each image with the next in a sequence and returns the minimum bounding region of any pixel differences it discovers. Images do not have to be the same size, though it is best that all the images are coalesced (images are all the same size, on a flattened canvas, so as to represent exactly how a specific frame should look).</td> 597 </tr> 598 599 <tr> 600 <td>Composite</td> 601 <td>image=><i>image-handle</i>, compose=>{Undefined, Add, Atop, Blend, Bumpmap, Clear, ColorBurn, ColorDodge, Colorize, CopyBlack, CopyBlue, CopyCMYK, Cyan, CopyGreen, Copy, CopyMagenta, CopyAlpha, CopyRed, RGB, CopyYellow, Darken, Dst, Difference, Displace, Dissolve, DstAtop, DstIn, DstOut, DstOver, Dst, Exclusion, HardLight, Hue, In, Lighten, Luminize, Minus, Modulate, Multiply, None, Out, Overlay, Over, Plus, ReplaceCompositeOp, Saturate, Screen, SoftLight, Src, SrcAtop, SrcIn, SrcOut, SrcOver, Src, Subtract, Threshold, Xor }, mask=><i>image-handle</i>, geometry=><i>geometry</i>, x=><i>integer</i>, y=><i>integer</i>, gravity=>{NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast}, opacity=><i>integer</i>, tile=>{True, False}, rotate=><i>double</i>, color=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, blend=><i>geometry</i>, interpolate=>{undefined, average, bicubic, bilinear, filter, integer, mesh, nearest-neighbor, spline}, clip-to-self=>{True, False}</td> 602 <td>composite one image onto another. Use the rotate parameter in concert with the tile parameter.</td> 603 </tr> 604 605 <tr> 606 <td>ConnectedComponents</td> 607 <td>connectivity=><i>integer</i>,</td> 608 <td>connected-components uniquely labeled, choose from 4 or 8 way connectivity.</td> 609 </tr> 610 611 <tr> 612 <td>Contrast</td> 613 <td>sharpen=>{True, False}</td> 614 <td>enhance or reduce the image contrast</td> 615 </tr> 616 617 <tr> 618 <td>ContrastStretch</td> 619 <td>levels=><i>string</i>, 'black-point'=><i>double</i>, 'white-point'=><i>double</i>, channel=>{Red, RGB, All, etc.}</td> 620 <td>improve the contrast in an image by `stretching' the range of intensity values</td> 621 </tr> 622 623 <tr> 624 <td>Convolve</td> 625 <td>coefficients=><i>array of float values</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}, bias=><i>double</i></td> 626 <td>apply a convolution kernel to the image. Given a kernel <i>order</i> , you would supply <i>order*order</i> float values (e.g. 3x3 implies 9 values).</td> 627 </tr> 628 629 <tr> 630 <td>CopyPixels</td> 631 <td>image=><i>image-handle</i>, geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i>, x=><i>integer</i>, y=><i>integer</i>, offset=><i>geometry</i>, gravity=>{NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast}, dx=><i>integer</i>, dy=><i>integer</i></td> 632 <td>copy pixels from the image as defined by the <code>width</code>x<code>height</code>+<code>x</code>+<code>y</code> to image at offset +<code>dx</code>,+<code>dy</code>.</td> 633 </tr> 634 635 <tr> 636 <td>Crop</td> 637 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i>, x=><i>integer</i>, y=><i>integer</i>, fuzz=><i>double</i>, gravity=>{NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast}</td> 638 <td>crop an image</td> 639 </tr> 640 641 <tr> 642 <td>CycleColormap</td> 643 <td>amount=><i>integer</i></td> 644 <td>displace image colormap by amount</td> 645 </tr> 646 647 <tr> 648 <td>Decipher</td> 649 <td>passphrase=><i>string</i></td> 650 <td>convert cipher pixels to plain pixels</td> 651 </tr> 652 653 <tr> 654 <td>Deconstruct</td> 655 <td><br /></td> 656 <td>break down an image sequence into constituent parts</td> 657 </tr> 658 659 <tr> 660 <td>Deskew</td> 661 <td>geometry=><i>string</i>,threshold=><i>double</i></td> 662 <td>straighten the image</td> 663 </tr> 664 665 <tr> 666 <td>Despeckle</td> 667 <td> </td> 668 <td>reduce the speckles within an image</td> 669 </tr> 670 671 <tr> 672 <td>Difference</td> 673 <td>image=><i>image-handle</i></td> 674 <td>compute the difference metrics between two images </td> 675 </tr> 676 677 <tr> 678 <td>Distort</td> 679 <td>points=><i>array of float values</i>, method=>{Affine, AffineProjection, ScaleRotateTranslate, SRT, Perspective, PerspectiveProjection, BilinearForward, BilinearReverse, Polynomial, Arc, Polar, DePolar, Barrel, BarrelInverse, Shepards, Resize}, 'virtual-pixel'=>{Background Black Constant Dither Edge Gray Mirror Random Tile Transparent White}, 'best-fit'=>{True, False}</td> 680 <td>distort image</td> 681 </tr> 682 683 <tr> 684 <td>Draw</td> 685 <td>primitive=>{point, line, rectangle, arc, ellipse, circle, path, polyline, polygon, bezier, color, matte, text, @<i>filename</i>}, points=><i>string</i> , method=><i>{Point, Replace, Floodfill, FillToBorder, Reset}</i>, stroke=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, fill=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, font=><i>string</i>, pointsize=><i>integer</i>, strokewidth=><i>float</i>, antialias=>{true, false}, bordercolor=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, x=><i>float</i>, y=><i>float</i>, dash-offset=><i>float</i>, dash-pattern=><i>array of float values</i>, affine=><i>array of float values</i>, translate=><i>float, float</i>, scale=><i>float, float</i>, rotate=><i>float</i>, skewX=><i>float</i>, skewY=><i>float</i>, interpolate=>{undefined, average, bicubic, bilinear, mesh, nearest-neighbor, spline}, kerning=><i>float</i>, text=><i>string</i>, vector-graphics=><i>string</i>, interline-spacing=><i>double</i>, interword-spacing=><i>double</i>, direction=>{right-to-left, left-to-right}</td> 686 <td>annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives.</td> 687 </tr> 688 689 <tr> 690 <td>Encipher</td> 691 <td>passphrase=><i>string</i></td> 692 <td>convert plain pixels to cipher pixels</td> 693 </tr> 694 695 <tr> 696 <td>Edge</td> 697 <td>radius=><i>double</i></td> 698 <td>enhance edges within the image with a convolution filter of the given radius.</td> 699 </tr> 700 701 <tr> 702 <td>Emboss</td> 703 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, radius=><i>double</i>, sigma=><i>double</i></td> 704 <td>emboss the image with a convolution filter of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</td> 705 </tr> 706 707 <tr> 708 <td>Enhance</td> 709 <td><br /></td> 710 <td>apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image</td> 711 </tr> 712 713 <tr> 714 <td>Equalize</td> 715 <td>channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}<br /></td> 716 <td>perform histogram equalization to the image</td> 717 </tr> 718 719 <tr> 720 <td>Extent</td> 721 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i>, x=><i>integer</i>, y=><i>integer</i>, fuzz=><i>double</i>, background=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, gravity=>{NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast}</td> 722 <td>set the image size</td> 723 </tr> 724 725 <tr> 726 <td>Evaluate</td> 727 <td>value=><i>double</i>, operator=><i>{Add, And, Divide, LeftShift, Max, Min, Multiply, Or, Rightshift, RMS, Subtract, Xor}</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow} </td> 728 <td>apply an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression to the image</td> 729 </tr> 730 731 <tr> 732 <td>Filter</td> 733 <td>kernel=><i>string</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}, bias=><i>double</i></td> 734 <td>apply a convolution kernel to the image.</td> 735 </tr> 736 737 <tr> 738 <td>Flip</td> 739 <td><br /></td> 740 <td>reflect the image scanlines in the vertical direction</td> 741 </tr> 742 743 <tr> 744 <td>Flop</td> 745 <td><br /></td> 746 <td>reflect the image scanlines in the horizontal direction</td> 747 </tr> 748 749 <tr> 750 <td>FloodfillPaint</td> 751 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}, x=><i>integer</i>, y=><i>integer</i> , fill=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, bordercolor=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, fuzz=><i>double</i>, invert=>{True, False}</td> 752 <td>changes the color value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor. If you specify a border color, the color value is changed for any neighbor pixel that is not that color.</td> 753 </tr> 754 755 <tr> 756 <td>ForwardFourierTransform</td> 757 <td>magnitude=>{True, False}</td> 758 <td>implements the forward discrete Fourier transform (DFT)</td> 759 </tr> 760 761 <tr> 762 <td>Frame</td> 763 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i>, inner=><i>integer</i>, outer=><i>integer</i>, fill=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, compose=>{Undefined, Add, Atop, Blend, Bumpmap, Clear, ColorBurn, ColorDodge, Colorize, CopyBlack, CopyBlue, CopyCMYK, Cyan, CopyGreen, Copy, CopyMagenta, CopyAlpha, CopyRed, RGB, CopyYellow, Darken, Dst, Difference, Displace, Dissolve, DstAtop, DstIn, DstOut, DstOver, Dst, Exclusion, HardLight, Hue, In, Lighten, Luminize, Minus, Modulate, Multiply, None, Out, Overlay, Over, Plus, ReplaceCompositeOp, Saturate, Screen, SoftLight, Src, SrcAtop, SrcIn, SrcOut, SrcOver, Src, Subtract, Threshold, Xor },</td> 764 <td>surround the image with an ornamental border</td> 765 </tr> 766 767 <tr> 768 <td>Function</td> 769 <td>parameters=><i>array of float values</i>, function=>{Sin}, 'virtual-pixel'=>{Background Black Constant Dither Edge Gray Mirror Random Tile Transparent White}</td> 770 <td>apply a function to the image</td> 771 </tr> 772 773 <tr> 774 <td>Gamma</td> 775 <td>gamma=><i>string</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td> 776 <td>gamma correct the image</td> 777 </tr> 778 779 <tr> 780 <td>GaussianBlur</td> 781 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, radius=><i>double</i>, sigma=><i>double</i>, bias=><i>double</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td> 782 <td>reduce image noise and reduce detail levels with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</td> 783 </tr> 784 785 <tr> 786 <td>GetPixel</td> 787 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}, normalize=>{true, false}, x=><i>integer</i>, y=><i>integer</i></td> 788 <td>get a single pixel. By default normalized pixel values are returned.</td> 789 </tr> 790 791 <tr> 792 <td>GetPixels</td> 793 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i>, x=><i>integer</i>, y=><i>integer</i>, map=><i>string</i>, normalize=>{true, false}</td> 794 <td>get image pixels as defined by the map (e.g. "RGB", "RGBA", etc.). By default non-normalized pixel values are returned.</td> 795 </tr> 796 797 <tr> 798 <td>Grayscale</td> 799 <td>channel=>{Average, Brightness, Lightness, Rec601Luma, Rec601Luminance, Rec709Luma, Rec709Luminance, RMS}</td> 800 <td>convert image to grayscale</td> 801 </tr> 802 803 <tr> 804 <td>HaldClut</td> 805 <td>image=><i>image-handle</i>, channel=>{Red, RGB, All, etc.}</td> 806 <td>apply a Hald color lookup table to an image sequence</td> 807 </tr> 808 809 <tr> 810 <td>HoughLine</td> 811 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>double</i>, height=><i>double</i>, threshold=><i>double</i></td> 812 <td>identify lines in the image (e.g. HoughLine('9x9+195')).</td> 813 </tr> 814 815 <tr> 816 <td>Identify</td> 817 <td>file=><i>file</i>, features=><i>distance</i>, moments=>{True, False}, unique=>{True, False}</td> 818 <td>identify the attributes of an image</td> 819 </tr> 820 821 <tr> 822 <td>Implode</td> 823 <td>amount=><i>double</i>, interpolate=>{undefined, average, bicubic, bilinear, mesh, nearest-neighbor, spline}</td> 824 <td>implode image pixels about the center</td> 825 </tr> 826 827 <tr> 828 <td>InverseDiscreteFourierTransform</td> 829 <td>magnitude=>{True, False}</td> 830 <td>implements the inverse discrete Fourier transform (DFT)</td> 831 </tr> 832 833 <tr> 834 <td>Kmeans</td> 835 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, 'colors'=><i>double</i>, 'iterations'=><i>double</i>, 'tolerance'=><i>double</i></td> 836 <td>K means color reduction.</td> 837 </tr> 838 839 <tr> 840 <td>Kuwahara</td> 841 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, radius=><i>double</i>, sigma=><i>double</i>, bias=><i>double</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td> 842 <td>edge preserving noise reduction filter</td> 843 </tr> 844 845 <tr> 846 <td>Label</td> 847 <td>string</td> 848 <td>assign a label to an image</td> 849 </tr> 850 851 <tr> 852 <td>Layers</td> 853 <td>method=>{coalesce, compare-any, compare-clear, compare-over, composite, dispose, flatten, merge, mosaic, optimize, optimize-image, optimize-plus, optimize-trans, remove-dups, remove-zero}, compose=>{Undefined, Add, Atop, Blend, Bumpmap, Clear, ColorBurn, ColorDodge, Colorize, CopyBlack, CopyBlue, CopyCMYK, Cyan, CopyGreen, Copy, CopyMagenta, CopyAlpha, CopyRed, RGB, CopyYellow, Darken, Dst, Difference, Displace, Dissolve, DstAtop, DstIn, DstOut, DstOver, Dst, Exclusion, HardLight, Hue, In, Lighten, LinearLight, Luminize, Minus, Modulate, Multiply, None, Out, Overlay, Over, Plus, ReplaceCompositeOp, Saturate, Screen, SoftLight, Src, SrcAtop, SrcIn, SrcOut, SrcOver, Src, Subtract, Threshold, Xor }, dither=>{true, false}</td> 854 <td>compare each image the GIF disposed forms of the previous image in the sequence. From this, attempt to select the smallest cropped image to replace each frame, while preserving the results of the animation.</td> 855 </tr> 856 857 <tr> 858 <td>Level</td> 859 <td>levels=><i>string</i>, 'black-point'=><i>double</i>, 'gamma'=><i>double</i>, 'white-point'=><i>double</i>, channel=>{Red, RGB, All, etc.}</td> 860 <td>adjust the level of image contrast</td> 861 </tr> 862 863 <tr> 864 <td>LevelColors</td> 865 <td>invert=>>{True, False}, 'black-point'=><i>string</i>, 'white-point'=><i>string</i>, channel=>{Red, RGB, All, etc.}</td> 866 <td>level image with the given colors</td> 867 </tr> 868 869 <tr> 870 <td>LinearStretch</td> 871 <td>levels=><i>string</i>, 'black-point'=><i>double</i>, 'white-point'=><i>double</i></td> 872 <td>linear with saturation stretch</td> 873 </tr> 874 875 <tr> 876 <td>LiquidResize</td> 877 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i>, delta-x=><i>double</i>, rigidity=><i>double</i></td> 878 <td>rescale image with seam-carving.</td> 879 </tr> 880 881 <tr> 882 <td>Magnify</td> 883 <td><br /></td> 884 <td>double the size of the image with pixel art scaling</td> 885 </tr> 886 887 <tr> 888 <td>Mask</td> 889 <td>mask=><i>image-handle</i></td> 890 <td>composite image pixels as defined by the mask</td> 891 </tr> 892 893 <tr> 894 <td>MatteFloodfill</td> 895 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, x=><i>integer</i>, y=><i>integer</i> , matte=><i>integer</i>, bordercolor=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, fuzz=><i>double</i>, invert=>{True, False}</td> 896 <td>changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor. If you specify a border color, the matte value is changed for any neighbor pixel that is not that color.</td> 897 </tr> 898 899 <tr> 900 <td>MeanShift</td> 901 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>double</i>, height=><i>double</i>, distance=><i>double</i></td> 902 <td>delineate arbitrarily shaped clusters in the image (e.g. MeanShift('7x7+10%')).</td> 903 </tr> 904 905 <tr> 906 <td>MedianFilter</td> 907 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td> 908 <td>replace each pixel with the median intensity pixel of a neighborhood.</td> 909 </tr> 910 911 <tr> 912 <td>Minify</td> 913 <td><br /></td> 914 <td>half the size of an image</td> 915 </tr> 916 917 <tr> 918 <td>Mode</td> 919 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td> 920 <td>make each pixel the <var>predominant color</var> of the neighborhood.</td> 921 </tr> 922 923 <tr> 924 <td>Modulate</td> 925 <td>factor=><i>geometry</i>, brightness=><i>double</i>, saturation=><i>double</i>, hue=><i>double</i>, lightness=><i>double</i>, whiteness=><i>double</i>, blackness=><i>double</i> </td> 926 <td>vary the brightness, saturation, and hue of an image by the specified percentage</td> 927 </tr> 928 929 <tr> 930 <td>Morphology</td> 931 <td>kernel=><i>string</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}, iterations=><i>integer</i></td> 932 <td>apply a morphology method to the image.</td> 933 </tr> 934 935 <tr> 936 <td>MotionBlur</td> 937 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, radius=><i>double</i>, sigma=><i>double</i>, angle=><i>double</i>, bias=><i>double</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td> 938 <td>reduce image noise and reduce detail levels with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma) at the given angle to simulate the effect of motion</td> 939 </tr> 940 941 <tr> 942 <td>Negate</td> 943 <td>gray=>{True, False}, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td> 944 <td>replace each pixel with its complementary color (white becomes black, yellow becomes blue, etc.)</td> 945 </tr> 946 947 <tr> 948 <td>Normalize</td> 949 <td>channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}<br /></td> 950 <td>transform image to span the full range of color values</td> 951 </tr> 952 953 <tr> 954 <td>OilPaint</td> 955 <td>radius=><i>integer</i></td> 956 <td>simulate an oil painting</td> 957 </tr> 958 959 <tr> 960 <td>Opaque</td> 961 <td>color=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, 962fill=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}, invert=>{True, False}</td> 963 <td>change this color to the fill color within the image</td> 964 </tr> 965 966 <tr> 967 <td>OrderedDither</td> 968 <td>threshold=>{threshold, checks, o2x2, o3x3, o4x4, o8x8, h4x4a, h6x6a, h8x8a, h4x4o, h6x6o, h8x8o, h16x16o, hlines6x4}, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td> 969 <td>order dither image</td> 970 </tr> 971 972 <tr> 973 <td>Perceptible</td> 974 <td>epsilon=><i>double</i>, channel=>{Red, RGB, All, etc.}</td> 975 <td>set each pixel whose value is less than |<var>epsilon</var>| to <var>-epsilon</var> or <var>epsilon</var> (whichever is closer) otherwise the pixel value remains unchanged..</td> 976 </tr> 977 978 <tr> 979 <td>Polaroid</td> 980 <td>caption=><i>string</i>, angle=><i>double</i>, pointsize=><i>double</i>, font=><i>string</i>, stroke=> <i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, strokewidth=><i>integer</i>, fill=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, gravity=>{NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast}, background=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i></td> 981 <td>simulate a Polaroid picture.</td> 982 </tr> 983 984 <tr> 985 <td>Posterize</td> 986 <td>levels=><i>integer</i>, dither=>{True, False}</td> 987 <td>reduce the image to a limited number of color level</td> 988 </tr> 989 990 <tr> 991 <td>Profile</td> 992 <td>name=><i>string</i>, profile=><i>blob</i>, rendering-intent=>{Undefined, Saturation, Perceptual, Absolute, Relative}, black-point-compensation=>{True, False}</td> 993 <td>add or remove ICC or IPTC image profile; name is formal name (e.g. ICC or filename; set profile to <code>''</code> to remove profile</td> 994 </tr> 995 996 <tr> 997 <td>Quantize</td> 998 <td>colors=><i>integer</i>, colorspace=>{RGB, Gray, Transparent, OHTA, XYZ, YCbCr, YIQ, YPbPr, YUV, CMYK, sRGB, HSL, HSB}, treedepth=> <i>integer</i>, dither=>{True, False}, dither-method=>{Riemersma, Floyd-Steinberg}, measure_error=>{True, False}, global_colormap=>{True, False}, transparent-color=><i>color</i></td> 999 <td>preferred number of colors in the image</td> 1000 </tr> 1001 1002 <tr> 1003 <td>Raise</td> 1004 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i>, x=><i>integer</i>, y=><i>integer</i>, raise=>{True, False}</td> 1005 <td>lighten or darken image edges to create a 3-D effect</td> 1006 </tr> 1007 1008 <tr> 1009 <td>RangeThreshold</td> 1010 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, 'low-black'=><i>double</i>, 'low-white'=><i>double</i>, 'high-white'=><i>double</i>, 'high-black'=><i>double</i></td> 1011 <td>combine soft and hard image thresholding.</td> 1012 </tr> 1013 1014 <tr> 1015 <td>ReduceNoise</td> 1016 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td> 1017 <td>reduce noise in the image with a noise peak elimination filter</td> 1018 </tr> 1019 1020 <tr> 1021 <td>Remap</td> 1022 <td>image=><i>image-handle</i>, dither=>{true, false}, dither-method=>{Riemersma, Floyd-Steinberg}</td> 1023 <td>replace the colors of an image with the closest color from a reference image.</td> 1024 </tr> 1025 1026 <tr> 1027 <td>Resample</td> 1028 <td>density=><i>geometry</i>, x=><i>double</i>, y=><i>double</i>, filter=>{Point, Box, Triangle, Hermite, Hanning, Hamming, Blackman, Gaussian, Quadratic, Cubic, Catrom, Mitchell, Lanczos, Bessel, Sinc}, support=><i>double</i></td> 1029 <td>resample image to desired resolution. Specify <code>blur</code> > 1 for blurry or < 1 for sharp</td> 1030 </tr> 1031 1032 <tr> 1033 <td>Resize</td> 1034 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i>, filter=>{Point, Box, Triangle, Hermite, Hanning, Hamming, Blackman, Gaussian, Quadratic, Cubic, Catrom, Mitchell, Lanczos, Bessel, Sinc}, support=><i>double</i>, blur=><i>double</i></td> 1035 <td>scale image to desired size. Specify <code>blur</code> > 1 for blurry or < 1 for sharp</td> 1036 </tr> 1037 1038 <tr> 1039 <td>Roll</td> 1040 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, x=><i>integer</i>, y=><i>integer</i></td> 1041 <td>roll an image vertically or horizontally</td> 1042 </tr> 1043 1044 <tr> 1045 <td>Rotate</td> 1046 <td>degrees=><i>double</i>, background=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i></td> 1047 <td>rotate an image</td> 1048 </tr> 1049 1050 <tr> 1051 <td>RotationalBlur</td> 1052 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, angle=><i>double</i>, bias=><i>double</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td> 1053 <td>radial blur the image.</td> 1054 </tr> 1055 1056 <tr> 1057 <td>Sample</td> 1058 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i></td> 1059 <td>scale image with pixel sampling.</td> 1060 </tr> 1061 1062 <tr> 1063 <td>Scale</td> 1064 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i></td> 1065 <td>scale image to desired size</td> 1066 </tr> 1067 1068 <tr> 1069 <td>Segment</td> 1070 <td>colorspace=>{RGB, Gray, Transparent, OHTA, XYZ, YCbCr, YCC, YIQ, YPbPr, YUV, CMYK}, verbose={True, False}, cluster-threshold=><i>double</i>, smoothing-threshold=<i>double</i></td> 1071 <td>segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color components and identifying units that are homogeneous</td> 1072 </tr> 1073 1074 <tr> 1075 <td>SelectiveBlur</td> 1076 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, radius=><i>double</i>, sigma=><i>double</i>, threshold=><i>double</i>, bias=><i>double</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td> 1077 <td>selectively blur pixels within a contrast threshold.</td> 1078 </tr> 1079 <tr> 1080 <td>Separate</td> 1081 <td>channel=>{Red, RGB, All, etc.}</td> 1082 <td>separate a channel from the image into a grayscale image</td> 1083 </tr> 1084 1085 <tr> 1086 <td>Shade</td> 1087 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, azimuth=><i>double</i>, elevation=><i>double</i>, gray=>{true, false}</td> 1088 <td>shade the image using a distant light source</td> 1089 </tr> 1090 1091 <tr> 1092 <td>SetPixel</td> 1093 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}, color=><i>array of float values</i>, x=><i>integer</i>, y=><i>integer</i>, color=><i>array of float values</i></td> 1094 <td>set the value a single pixel. Normalized pixel values are expected.</td> 1095 </tr> 1096 1097 <tr> 1098 <td>SetPixels</td> 1099 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}, color=><i>array of float values</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i>, x=><i>integer</i>, y=><i>integer</i>, color=><i>array of float values</i></td> 1100 <td>set the value of one or more pixels. Normalized pixel values are expected.</td> 1101 </tr> 1102 1103 <tr> 1104 <td>Shadow</td> 1105 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, opacity=><i>double</i>, sigma=><i>double</i>, x=><i>integer</i>, y=><i>integer</i></td> 1106 <td>simulate an image shadow</td> 1107 </tr> 1108 1109 <tr> 1110 <td>Sharpen</td> 1111 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, radius=><i>double</i>, sigma=><i>double</i>, bias=><i>double</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td> 1112 <td>sharpen the image with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</td> 1113 </tr> 1114 1115 <tr> 1116 <td>Shave</td> 1117 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i></td> 1118 <td>shave pixels from the image edges</td> 1119 </tr> 1120 1121 <tr> 1122 <td>Shear</td> 1123 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, x=><i>double</i>, y=><i>double</i> fill=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i></td> 1124 <td>shear the image along the X or Y axis by a positive or negative shear angle</td> 1125 </tr> 1126 1127 <tr> 1128 <td>SigmoidalContrast</td> 1129 <td>geometry=><i>string</i>, 'contrast'=><i>double</i>, 'mid-point'=><i>double</i> channel=>{Red, RGB, All, etc.}, sharpen=>{True, False}</td> 1130 <td>sigmoidal non-lineraity contrast control. Increase the contrast of the image using a sigmoidal transfer function without saturating highlights or shadows. <var>Contrast</var> indicates how much to increase the contrast (0 is none; 3 is typical; 20 is a lot); <var>mid-point</var> indicates where midtones fall in the resultant image (0 is white; 50% is middle-gray; 100% is black). To decrease contrast, set sharpen to False.</td> 1131 </tr> 1132 1133 <tr> 1134 <td>Signature</td> 1135 <td><br /></td> 1136 <td>generate an SHA-256 message digest for the image pixel stream</td> 1137 </tr> 1138 1139 <tr> 1140 <td>Sketch</td> 1141 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, radius=><i>double</i>, sigma=><i>double</i>, angle=><i>double</i></td> 1142 <td>sketch the image with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma) at the given angle</td> 1143 </tr> 1144 1145 <tr> 1146 <td>Solarize</td> 1147 <td>geometry=><i>string</i>, threshold=><i>double</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td> 1148 <td>negate all pixels above the threshold level</td> 1149 </tr> 1150 1151 <tr> 1152 <td>SortPixels</td> 1153 <td><br /></td> 1154 <td>sorts pixels within each scanline in ascending order of intensity.</td> 1155 </tr> 1156 1157 <tr> 1158 <td>SparseColor</td> 1159 <td>points=><i>array of float values</i>, method=>{Barycentric, Bilinear, Shepards, Voronoi}, 'virtual-pixel'=>{Background Black Constant Dither Edge Gray Mirror Random Tile Transparent White}</td> 1160 <td>interpolate the image colors around the supplied points</td> 1161 </tr> 1162 1163 <tr> 1164 <td>Splice</td> 1165 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i>, x=><i>integer</i>, y=><i>integer</i>, fuzz=><i>double</i>, background=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, gravity=>{NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast}</td> 1166 <td>splice an image</td> 1167 </tr> 1168 1169 <tr> 1170 <td>Spread</td> 1171 <td>radius=><i>double</i>, interpolate=>{undefined, average, bicubic, bilinear, mesh, nearest-neighbor, spline}</td> 1172 <td>displace image pixels by a random amount</td> 1173 </tr> 1174 1175 <tr> 1176 <td>Statistic</td> 1177 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}, type=>{Median, Mode, Mean, Maximum, Minimum, ReduceNoise, RMS}</td> 1178 <td>replace each pixel with corresponding statistic from the neighborhood.</td> 1179 </tr> 1180 <tr> 1181 <td>Stegano</td> 1182 <td>image=><i>image-handle</i>, offset=><i>integer</i></td> 1183 <td>hide a digital watermark within the image</td> 1184 </tr> 1185 1186 <tr> 1187 <td>Stereo</td> 1188 <td>image=><i>image-handle</i>, x=><i>integer</i>, y=><i>integer</i></td> 1189 <td>composites two images and produces a single image that is the composite of a left and right image of a stereo pair</td> 1190 </tr> 1191 1192 <tr> 1193 <td>Strip</td> 1194 <td><br /></td> 1195 <td>strip an image of all profiles and comments.</td> 1196 </tr> 1197 1198 <tr> 1199 <td>Swirl</td> 1200 <td>degrees=><i>double</i>, interpolate=>{undefined, average, bicubic, bilinear, mesh, nearest-neighbor, spline}</td> 1201 <td>swirl image pixels about the center</td> 1202 </tr> 1203 1204 <tr> 1205 <td>Texture</td> 1206 <td>texture=><i>image-handle</i></td> 1207 <td>name of texture to tile onto the image background</td> 1208 </tr> 1209 1210 <tr> 1211 <td>Thumbnail</td> 1212 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i></td> 1213 <td>changes the size of an image to the given dimensions and removes any associated profiles.</td> 1214 </tr> 1215 1216 <tr> 1217 <td>Threshold</td> 1218 <td>threshold=><i>string</i>, channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td> 1219 <td>threshold the image</td> 1220 </tr> 1221 1222 <tr> 1223 <td>Tint</td> 1224 <td>fill=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, blend=><i>string</i></td> 1225 <td>tint the image with the fill color.</td> 1226 </tr> 1227 1228 <tr> 1229 <td>Transparent</td> 1230 <td>color=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, invert=>{True, False}</td> 1231 <td>make this color transparent within the image</td> 1232 </tr> 1233 1234 <tr> 1235 <td>Transpose</td> 1236 <td><br /></td> 1237 <td>flip image in the vertical direction and rotate 90 degrees</td> 1238 </tr> 1239 1240 <tr> 1241 <td>Transverse</td> 1242 <td><br /></td> 1243 <td>flop image in the horizontal direction and rotate 270 degrees</td> 1244 </tr> 1245 1246 <tr> 1247 <td>Trim</td> 1248 <td><br /></td> 1249 <td>remove edges that are the background color from the image</td> 1250 </tr> 1251 1252 <tr> 1253 <td>UnsharpMask</td> 1254 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, radius=><i>double</i>, sigma=><i>double</i>, gain=><i>double</i>, threshold=><i>double</i></td> 1255 <td>sharpen the image with the unsharp mask algorithm.</td> 1256 </tr> 1257 1258 <tr> 1259 <td>Vignette</td> 1260 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, radius=><i>double</i>, sigma=><i>double</i>, x=><i>integer</i>, y=><i>integer</i>, background=><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i></td> 1261 <td>offset the edges of the image in vignette style</td> 1262 </tr> 1263 1264 <tr> 1265 <td>Wave</td> 1266 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, amplitude=><i>double</i>, wavelength=><i>double</i>, interpolate=>{undefined, average, bicubic, bilinear, mesh, nearest-neighbor, spline}</td> 1267 <td>alter an image along a sine wave</td> 1268 </tr> 1269 1270 <tr> 1271 <td>WaveDenoise</td> 1272 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, threshold=><i>double</i>, threshold=><i>double</i></td> 1273 <td>removes noise from the image using a wavelet transform</td> 1274 </tr> 1275 1276 <tr> 1277 <td>WhiteBalance</td> 1278 <td></td> 1279 <td>applies white balancing to an image according to a grayworld assumption in the LAB colorspace.</td> 1280 </tr> 1281 1282 <tr> 1283 <td>WhiteThreshold</td> 1284 <td>threshold=><i>string</i>, , channel=>{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td> 1285 <td>force all pixels above the threshold intensity into white</td> 1286 </tr> 1287</tbody> 1288</table> 1289 1290<p>Note, that the <code>geometry</code> parameter is a short cut for the <code>width</code> and <code>height</code> parameters (e.g. <code>geometry=>'106x80'</code> is equivalent to <code>width=>106, height=>80</code> ).</p> 1291 1292<p>You can specify <code>@filename</code> in both Annotate() and Draw(). This reads the text or graphic primitive instructions from a file on disk. For example,</p> 1293 1294<pre class="highlight"><code>image->Draw(fill=>'red', primitive=>'rectangle', 1295 points=>'20,20 100,100 40,40 200,200 60,60 300,300'); 1296</code></pre> 1297 1298<p>Is equivalent to</p> 1299 1300<pre class="highlight"><code>$image->Draw(fill=>'red', primitive=>'@draw.txt'); 1301</code></pre> 1302 1303<p>Where <code>draw.txt</code> is a file on disk that contains this:</p> 1304 1305<pre class="highlight"><code>rectangle 20, 20 100, 100 1306rectangle 40, 40 200, 200 1307rectangle 60, 60 300, 300 1308</code></pre> 1309 1310<p>The <i>text</i> parameter for methods, Annotate(), Comment(), Draw(), and Label() can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attribute by embedding these special format characters:</p> 1311 1312<pre class="pre-scrollable highlight"><code>%b file size 1313%c comment 1314%d directory 1315%e filename extension 1316%f filename 1317%g page geometry 1318%h height 1319%i input filename 1320%k number of unique colors 1321%l label 1322%m magick 1323%n number of scenes 1324%o output filename 1325%p page number 1326%q quantum depth 1327%r image class and colorspace 1328%s scene number 1329%t top of filename 1330%u unique temporary filename 1331%w width 1332%x x resolution 1333%y y resolution 1334%z image depth 1335%C image compression type 1336%D image dispose method 1337%H page height 1338%Q image compression quality 1339%T image delay 1340%W page width 1341%X page x offset 1342%Y page y offset 1343%@ bounding box 1344%# signature 1345%% a percent sign 1346\n newline 1347\r carriage return 1348</code></pre> 1349 1350<p>For example,</p> 1351 1352<pre class="highlight"><code>text=>"%m:%f %wx%h" 1353</code></pre> 1354 1355<p>produces an annotation of <b>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</b> for an image titled <b>bird.miff</b> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p> 1356 1357<p>You can optionally add <i>Image</i> to any method name. For example, TrimImage() is an alias for method Trim().</p> 1358 1359<p>Most of the attributes listed above have an analog in <a href="../www/magick.html">magick</a>. See the documentation for a more detailed description of these attributes.</p> 1360 1361<h2><a class="anchor" id="set-attribute"></a>Set an Image Attribute</h2> 1362 1363<p>Use method Set() to set an image attribute. For example,</p> 1364 1365<pre class="highlight"><code>$image->Set(dither=>'True'); 1366$image->[$x]->Set(delay=>3); 1367</code></pre> 1368 1369<p>Where this example uses 'True' and this document says '{True, False}', 1370you can use the case-insensitive strings 'True' and 'False', or you 1371can use the integers 1 and 0.</p> 1372 1373<p>When you call Get() on a Boolean attribute, Image::Magick returns 1 or 0, not a string.</p> 1374 1375<p>And here is a list of all the image attributes you can set:</p> 1376 1377<table class="table table-sm table-hover"> 1378 <caption>Image Attributes</caption> 1379 <tbody> 1380 <tr> 1381 <th>Attribute</th> 1382 <th style="width: 40%">Values</th> 1383 <th style="width: 40%">Description</th> 1384 </tr> 1385 1386 <tr> 1387 <td>adjoin</td> 1388 <td>{True, False}</td> 1389 <td>join images into a single multi-image file</td> 1390 </tr> 1391 1392 <tr> 1393 <td>alpha</td> 1394 <td>{On, Off, Opaque, Transparent, Copy, Extract, Set}</td> 1395 <td>control of and special operations involving the alpha/matte channel</td> 1396 </tr> 1397 1398 <tr> 1399 <td>antialias</td> 1400 <td>{True, False}</td> 1401 <td>remove pixel aliasing</td> 1402 </tr> 1403 1404 <tr> 1405 <td>area-limit</td> 1406 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1407 <td>set pixel area resource limit.</td> 1408 </tr> 1409 1410 <tr> 1411 <td>attenuate</td> 1412 <td><i>double</i></td> 1413 <td>lessen (or intensify) when adding noise to an image.</td> 1414 </tr> 1415 1416 <tr> 1417 <td>authenticate</td> 1418 <td><i>string</i></td> 1419 <td>decrypt image with this password.</td> 1420 </tr> 1421 1422 <tr> 1423 <td>background</td> 1424 <td><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i></td> 1425 <td>image background color</td> 1426 </tr> 1427 1428 <tr> 1429 <td>blue-primary</td> 1430 <td><i>x-value</i>, <i>y-value</i></td> 1431 <td>chromaticity blue primary point (e.g. 0.15, 0.06)</td> 1432 </tr> 1433 1434 <tr> 1435 <td>bordercolor</td> 1436 <td><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i></td> 1437 <td>set the image border color</td> 1438 </tr> 1439 1440 <tr> 1441 <td>clip-mask</td> 1442 <td><i>image</i></td> 1443 <td>associate a clip mask with the image.</td> 1444 </tr> 1445 1446 <tr> 1447 <td>colormap[<i>i</i>]</td> 1448 <td><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i></td> 1449 <td>color name (e.g. red) or hex value (e.g. #ccc) at position 1450<i>i</i></td> 1451 </tr> 1452 1453 <tr> 1454 <td>comment</td> 1455 <td><i>string</i></td> 1456 <td>set the image comment</td> 1457 </tr> 1458 1459 <tr> 1460 <td>compression</td> 1461 <td>{None, BZip, Fax, Group4, JPEG, JPEG2000, LosslessJPEG, LZW, RLE, Zip}</td> 1462 <td>type of image compression</td> 1463 </tr> 1464 1465 <tr> 1466 <td>debug</td> 1467 <td>{All, Annotate, Blob, Cache, Coder, Configure, Deprecate, Draw, Exception, Locale, None, Resource, Transform, X11}</td> 1468 <td>display copious debugging information</td> 1469 </tr> 1470 1471 <tr> 1472 <td>delay</td> 1473 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1474 <td>this many 1/100ths of a second must expire before displaying the next image in a sequence</td> 1475 </tr> 1476 1477 <tr> 1478 <td>density</td> 1479 <td><i>geometry</i></td> 1480 <td>vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the image</td> 1481 </tr> 1482 1483 <tr> 1484 <td>depth</td> 1485 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1486 <td>image depth</td> 1487 </tr> 1488 1489 <tr> 1490 <td>direction</td> 1491 <td><i>{Undefined, right-to-left, left-to-right</i></td> 1492 <td>render text right-to-left or left-to-right</td> 1493 </tr> 1494 1495 <tr> 1496 <td>disk-limit</td> 1497 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1498 <td>set disk resource limit</td> 1499 </tr> 1500 1501 <tr> 1502 <td>dispose</td> 1503 <td><i>{Undefined, None, Background, Previous}</i></td> 1504 <td>layer disposal method</td> 1505 </tr> 1506 1507 <tr> 1508 <td>dither</td> 1509 <td>{True, False}</td> 1510 <td>apply error diffusion to the image</td> 1511 </tr> 1512 1513 <tr> 1514 <td>display</td> 1515 <td><i>string</i></td> 1516 <td>specifies the X server to contact</td> 1517 </tr> 1518 1519 <tr> 1520 <td>extract</td> 1521 <td><i>geometry</i></td> 1522 <td>extract area from image</td> 1523 </tr> 1524 1525 <tr> 1526 <td>file</td> 1527 <td><i>filehandle</i></td> 1528 <td>set the image filehandle</td> 1529 </tr> 1530 1531 <tr> 1532 <td>filename</td> 1533 <td><i>string</i></td> 1534 <td>set the image filename</td> 1535 </tr> 1536 1537 <tr> 1538 <td>fill</td> 1539 <td><i>color</i></td> 1540 <td>The fill color paints any areas inside the outline of drawn shape.</td> 1541 </tr> 1542 1543 <tr> 1544 <td>font</td> 1545 <td><i>string</i></td> 1546 <td>use this font when annotating the image with text</td> 1547 </tr> 1548 1549 <tr> 1550 <td>fuzz</td> 1551 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1552 <td>colors within this distance are considered equal</td> 1553 </tr> 1554 1555 <tr> 1556 <td>gamma</td> 1557 <td><i>double</i></td> 1558 <td>gamma level of the image</td> 1559 </tr> 1560 1561 <tr> 1562 <td>Gravity</td> 1563 <td>{Forget, NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast}</td> 1564 <td>type of image gravity</td> 1565 </tr> 1566 1567 <tr> 1568 <td>green-primary</td> 1569 <td><i>x-value</i>, <i>y-value</i></td> 1570 <td>chromaticity green primary point (e.g. 0.3, 0.6)</td> 1571 </tr> 1572 1573 <tr> 1574 <td>index[<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>]</td> 1575 <td><i>string</i></td> 1576 <td>colormap index at position (<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>)</td> 1577 </tr> 1578 1579 <tr> 1580 <td>interlace</td> 1581 <td>{None, Line, Plane, Partition, JPEG, GIF, PNG}</td> 1582 <td>the type of interlacing scheme</td> 1583 </tr> 1584 1585 <tr> 1586 <td>iterations</td> 1587 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1588 <td>add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation</td> 1589 </tr> 1590 1591 <tr> 1592 <td>label</td> 1593 <td><i>string</i></td> 1594 <td>set the image label</td> 1595 </tr> 1596 1597 <tr> 1598 <td>loop</td> 1599 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1600 <td>add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation</td> 1601 </tr> 1602 1603 <tr> 1604 <td>magick</td> 1605 <td><i>string</i></td> 1606 <td>set the image format</td> 1607 </tr> 1608 1609 <tr> 1610 <td>map-limit</td> 1611 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1612 <td>set map resource limit</td> 1613 </tr> 1614 1615 <tr> 1616 <td>mask</td> 1617 <td><i>image</i></td> 1618 <td>associate a mask with the image.</td> 1619 </tr> 1620 1621 <tr> 1622 <td>matte</td> 1623 <td>{True, False}</td> 1624 <td>enable the image matte channel</td> 1625 </tr> 1626 1627 <tr> 1628 <td>mattecolor</td> 1629 <td><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i></td> 1630 <td>set the image matte color</td> 1631 </tr> 1632 1633 <tr> 1634 <td>memory-limit</td> 1635 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1636 <td>set memory resource limit</td> 1637 </tr> 1638 1639 <tr> 1640 <td>monochrome</td> 1641 <td>{True, False}</td> 1642 <td>transform the image to black and white</td> 1643 </tr> 1644 1645 <tr> 1646 <td>option</td> 1647 <td><i>string</i></td> 1648 <td>associate an option with an image format (e.g. option=>'ps:imagemask'</td> 1649 </tr> 1650 1651 <tr> 1652 <td>orientation</td> 1653 <td>{TopLeft, TopRight, BottomRight, BottomLeft, LeftTop, RightTop, RightBottom, LeftBottom}</td> 1654 <td>image orientation</td> 1655 </tr> 1656 1657 <tr> 1658 <td>page</td> 1659 <td>{ Letter, Tabloid, Ledger, Legal, Statement, Executive, A3, A4, A5, B4, B5, Folio, Quarto, 10x14} or <i>geometry</i></td> 1660 <td>preferred size and location of an image canvas</td> 1661 </tr> 1662 1663 <tr> 1664 <td>pixel[<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>]</td> 1665 <td><i>string</i></td> 1666 <td>hex value (e.g. #ccc) at position (<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>)</td> 1667 </tr> 1668 1669 <tr> 1670 <td>pointsize</td> 1671 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1672 <td>pointsize of the Postscript or TrueType font</td> 1673 </tr> 1674 1675 <tr> 1676 <td>precision</td> 1677 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1678 <td>set the maximum number of significant digits to be printed</td> 1679 </tr> 1680 1681 <tr> 1682 <td>quality</td> 1683 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1684 <td>JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level</td> 1685 </tr> 1686 1687 <tr> 1688 <td>red-primary</td> 1689 <td><i>x-value</i>, <i>y-value</i></td> 1690 <td>chromaticity red primary point (e.g. 0.64, 0.33)</td> 1691 </tr> 1692 1693 <tr> 1694 <td>sampling-factor</td> 1695 <td><i>geometry</i></td> 1696 <td>horizontal and vertical sampling factor</td> 1697 </tr> 1698 1699 <tr> 1700 <td>scene</td> 1701 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1702 <td>image scene number</td> 1703 </tr> 1704 1705 <tr> 1706 <td>server</td> 1707 <td><i>string</i></td> 1708 <td>specifies the X server to contact</td> 1709 </tr> 1710 1711 <tr> 1712 <td>size</td> 1713 <td><i>string</i></td> 1714 <td>width and height of a raw image</td> 1715 </tr> 1716 1717 <tr> 1718 <td>stroke</td> 1719 <td><i>color</i></td> 1720 <td>The stroke color paints along the outline of a shape.</td> 1721 </tr> 1722 1723 <tr> 1724 <td>texture</td> 1725 <td><i>string</i></td> 1726 <td>name of texture to tile onto the image background</td> 1727 </tr> 1728 1729 <tr> 1730 <td>tile-offset</td> 1731 <td><i>geometry</i></td> 1732 <td>image tile offset</td> 1733 </tr> 1734 1735 <tr> 1736 <td>time-limit</td> 1737 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1738 <td>set time resource limit in seconds</td> 1739 </tr> 1740 1741 <tr> 1742 <td>type</td> 1743 <td>{Bilevel, Grayscale, GrayscaleMatte, Palette, PaletteMatte, TrueColor, TrueColorMatte, ColorSeparation, ColorSeparationMatte}</td> 1744 <td>image type</td> 1745 </tr> 1746 1747 <tr> 1748 <td>units</td> 1749 <td>{ Undefined, PixelsPerInch, PixelsPerCentimeter}</td> 1750 <td>units of image resolution</td> 1751 </tr> 1752 1753 <tr> 1754 <td>verbose</td> 1755 <td>{True, False}</td> 1756 <td>print detailed information about the image</td> 1757 </tr> 1758 1759 <tr> 1760 <td>virtual-pixel</td> 1761 <td>{Background Black Constant Dither Edge Gray Mirror Random Tile Transparent White}</td> 1762 <td>the virtual pixel method</td> 1763 </tr> 1764 1765 <tr> 1766 <td>white-point</td> 1767 <td><i>x-value</i>, <i>y-value</i></td> 1768 <td>chromaticity white point (e.g. 0.3127, 0.329)</td> 1769 </tr> 1770 </tbody> 1771</table> 1772 1773<p>Note, that the <code>geometry</code> parameter is a short cut for the <code>width</code> and <code>height</code> parameters (e.g. <code>geometry=>'106x80'</code> is equivalent to <code>width=>106, height=>80</code>).</p> 1774 1775<p>SetAttribute() is an alias for method Set().</p> 1776 1777<p>Most of the attributes listed above have an analog in 1778<a href="../www/magick.html">magick</a>. See the documentation for a more detailed description of these attributes.</p> 1779 1780<h2><a class="anchor" id="get-attribute"></a>Get an Image Attribute</h2> 1781 1782<p>Use method Get() to get an image attribute. For example,</p> 1783 1784<pre class="highlight"><code>($a, $b, $c) = $image->Get('colorspace', 'magick', 'adjoin'); 1785$width = $image->[3]->Get('columns'); 1786</code></pre> 1787 1788<p>In addition to all the attributes listed in <a href="perl-magick.html#set-attribute">Set an Image Attribute</a> , you can get these additional attributes:</p> 1789 1790<table class="table table-sm table-hover"> 1791 <caption>Image Attributes</caption> 1792 <tbody> 1793 <tr> 1794 <th>Attribute</th> 1795 <th>Values</th> 1796 <th style="width: 60%">Description</th> 1797 </tr> 1798 1799 <tr> 1800 <td>area</td> 1801 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1802 <td>current area resource consumed</td> 1803 </tr> 1804 1805 <tr> 1806 <td>base-columns</td> 1807 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1808 <td>base image width (before transformations)</td> 1809 </tr> 1810 1811 <tr> 1812 <td>base-filename</td> 1813 <td><i>string</i></td> 1814 <td>base image filename (before transformations)</td> 1815 </tr> 1816 1817 <tr> 1818 <td>base-rows</td> 1819 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1820 <td>base image height (before transformations)</td> 1821 </tr> 1822 1823 <tr> 1824 <td>class</td> 1825 <td>{Direct, Pseudo}</td> 1826 <td>image class</td> 1827 </tr> 1828 1829 <tr> 1830 <td>colors</td> 1831 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1832 <td>number of unique colors in the image</td> 1833 </tr> 1834 1835 <tr> 1836 <td>columns</td> 1837 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1838 <td>image width</td> 1839 </tr> 1840 1841 <tr> 1842 <td>copyright</td> 1843 <td><i>string</i></td> 1844 <td>get PerlMagick's copyright</td> 1845 </tr> 1846 1847 <tr> 1848 <td>directory</td> 1849 <td><i>string</i></td> 1850 <td>tile names from within an image montage</td> 1851 </tr> 1852 1853 <tr> 1854 <td>elapsed-time</td> 1855 <td><i>double</i></td> 1856 <td>elapsed time in seconds since the image was created</td> 1857 </tr> 1858 1859 <tr> 1860 <td>error</td> 1861 <td><i>double</i></td> 1862 <td>the mean error per pixel computed with methods Compare() or Quantize()</td> 1863 </tr> 1864 1865 <tr> 1866 <td>bounding-box</td> 1867 <td><i>string</i></td> 1868 <td>image bounding box</td> 1869 </tr> 1870 1871 <tr> 1872 <td>disk</td> 1873 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1874 <td>current disk resource consumed</td> 1875 </tr> 1876 1877 <tr> 1878 <td>filesize</td> 1879 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1880 <td>number of bytes of the image on disk</td> 1881 </tr> 1882 1883 <tr> 1884 <td>format</td> 1885 <td><i>string</i></td> 1886 <td>get the descriptive image format</td> 1887 </tr> 1888 1889 <tr> 1890 <td>geometry</td> 1891 <td><i>string</i></td> 1892 <td>image geometry</td> 1893 </tr> 1894 1895 <tr> 1896 <td>height</td> 1897 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1898 <td>the number of rows or height of an image</td> 1899 </tr> 1900 1901 <tr> 1902 <td>icc</td> 1903 <td><i>string</i></td> 1904 <td>ICC profile</td> 1905 </tr> 1906 1907 <tr> 1908 <td>icc</td> 1909 <td><i>string</i></td> 1910 <td>ICM profile</td> 1911 </tr> 1912 1913 <tr> 1914 <td>id</td> 1915 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1916 <td>ImageMagick registry id</td> 1917 </tr> 1918 1919 <tr> 1920 <td>IPTC</td> 1921 <td><i>string</i></td> 1922 <td>IPTC profile</td> 1923 </tr> 1924 1925 <tr> 1926 <td>mean-error</td> 1927 <td><i>double</i></td> 1928 <td>the normalized mean error per pixel computed with methods Compare() or Quantize()</td> 1929 </tr> 1930 1931 <tr> 1932 <td>map</td> 1933 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1934 <td>current memory-mapped resource consumed</td> 1935 </tr> 1936 1937 <tr> 1938 <td>matte</td> 1939 <td>{True, False}</td> 1940 <td>whether or not the image has a matte channel</td> 1941 </tr> 1942 1943 <tr> 1944 <td>maximum-error</td> 1945 <td><i>double</i></td> 1946 <td>the normalized max error per pixel computed with methods Compare() or Quantize()</td> 1947 </tr> 1948 1949 <tr> 1950 <td>memory</td> 1951 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1952 <td>current memory resource consumed</td> 1953 </tr> 1954 1955 <tr> 1956 <td>mime</td> 1957 <td><i>string</i></td> 1958 <td>MIME of the image format</td> 1959 </tr> 1960 1961 <tr> 1962 <td>montage</td> 1963 <td><i>geometry</i></td> 1964 <td>tile size and offset within an image montage</td> 1965 </tr> 1966 1967 <tr> 1968 <td>page.x</td> 1969 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1970 <td>x offset of image virtual canvas</td> 1971 </tr> 1972 1973 <tr> 1974 <td>page.y</td> 1975 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1976 <td>y offset of image virtual canvas</td> 1977 </tr> 1978 1979 <tr> 1980 <td>rows</td> 1981 <td><i>integer</i></td> 1982 <td>the number of rows or height of an image</td> 1983 </tr> 1984 1985 <tr> 1986 <td>signature</td> 1987 <td><i>string</i></td> 1988 <td>SHA-256 message digest associated with the image pixel stream</td> 1989 </tr> 1990 1991 <tr> 1992 <td>taint</td> 1993 <td>{True, False}</td> 1994 <td>True if the image has been modified</td> 1995 </tr> 1996 1997 <tr> 1998 <td>total-ink-density</td> 1999 <td><i>double</i></td> 2000 <td>returns the total ink density for a CMYK image</td> 2001 </tr> 2002 2003 <tr> 2004 <td>transparent-color</td> 2005 <td><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i></td> 2006 <td>set the image transparent color</td> 2007 </tr> 2008 2009 <tr> 2010 <td>user-time</td> 2011 <td><i>double</i></td> 2012 <td>user time in seconds since the image was created</td> 2013 </tr> 2014 2015 <tr> 2016 <td>version</td> 2017 <td><i>string</i></td> 2018 <td>get PerlMagick's version</td> 2019 </tr> 2020 2021 <tr> 2022 <td>width</td> 2023 <td><i>integer</i></td> 2024 <td>the number of columns or width of an image</td> 2025 </tr> 2026 2027 <tr> 2028 <td>XMP</td> 2029 <td><i>string</i></td> 2030 <td>XMP profile</td> 2031 </tr> 2032 2033 <tr> 2034 <td>x-resolution</td> 2035 <td><i>integer</i></td> 2036 <td>x resolution of the image</td> 2037 </tr> 2038 2039 <tr> 2040 <td>y-resolution</td> 2041 <td><i>integer</i></td> 2042 <td>y resolution of the image</td> 2043 </tr> 2044 </tbody> 2045</table> 2046 2047<p>GetAttribute() is an alias for method Get().</p> 2048 2049<p>Most of the attributes listed above have an analog in 2050<a href="../www/magick.html">magick</a>. See the documentation for a more detailed description of these attributes.</p> 2051 2052<h2><a class="anchor" id="compare"></a>Compare an Image to its Reconstruction</h2> 2053 2054<p>Mathematically and visually annotate the difference between an image and its reconstruction with the Compare() method. The method supports these parameters:</p> 2055 2056<table class="table table-sm table-hover"> 2057 <caption>Compare Parameters</caption> 2058 <tbody> 2059 <tr> 2060 <th>Parameter</th> 2061 <th style="width: 40%">Values</th> 2062 <th style="width: 40%">Description</th> 2063 </tr> 2064 2065 <tr> 2066 <td>channel</td> 2067 <td><i>double</i></td> 2068 <td>select image channels, the default is all channels except alpha.</td> 2069 </tr> 2070 2071 <tr> 2072 <td>fuzz</td> 2073 <td><i>double</i></td> 2074 <td>colors within this distance are considered equal</td> 2075 </tr> 2076 2077 <tr> 2078 <td>image</td> 2079 <td><i>image-reference</i></td> 2080 <td>the image reconstruction</td> 2081 </tr> 2082 2083 <tr> 2084 <td>metric</td> 2085 <td>AE, MAE, MEPP, MSE, PAE, PSNR, RMSE</td> 2086 <td>measure differences between images with this metric</td> 2087 </tr> 2088 </tbody> 2089</table> 2090 2091<p>In this example, we compare the ImageMagick logo to a sharpened reconstruction:</p> 2092 2093<pre class="highlight"><code>use Image::Magick; 2094 2095$logo=Image::Magick->New(); 2096$logo->Read('logo:'); 2097$sharp=Image::Magick->New(); 2098$sharp->Read('logo:'); 2099$sharp->Sharpen('0x1'); 2100$difference=$logo->Compare(image=>$sharp, metric=>'rmse'); 2101print $difference->Get('error'), "\n"; 2102$difference->Display(); 2103</code></pre> 2104 2105<p>In addition to the reported root mean squared error of around 0.024, a difference image is displayed so you can visually identify the difference between the images.</p> 2106 2107<h2><a class="anchor" id="montage"></a>Create an Image Montage</h2> 2108 2109<p>Use method Montage() to create a composite image by combining several separate images. The images are tiled on the composite image with the name of the image optionally appearing just below the individual tile. For example,</p> 2110 2111<pre class="highlight"><code>$image->Montage(geometry=>'160x160', tile=>'2x2', texture=>'granite:'); 2112</code></pre> 2113 2114<p>And here is a list of Montage() parameters you can set:</p> 2115 2116<table class="table table-sm table-hover"> 2117 <caption>Montage Parameters</caption> 2118 <tbody> 2119 <tr> 2120 <th>Parameter</th> 2121 <th style="width: 40%">Values</th> 2122 <th style="width: 40%">Description</th> 2123 </tr> 2124 2125 <tr> 2126 <td>background</td> 2127 <td><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i></td> 2128 <td>background color name</td> 2129 </tr> 2130 2131 <tr> 2132 <td>border</td> 2133 <td><i>integer</i></td> 2134 <td>image border width</td> 2135 </tr> 2136 2137 <tr> 2138 <td>filename</td> 2139 <td><i>string</i></td> 2140 <td>name of montage image</td> 2141 </tr> 2142 2143 <tr> 2144 <td>fill</td> 2145 <td><a href="color.html">color name</a></td> 2146 <td>fill color for annotations</td> 2147 </tr> 2148 2149 <tr> 2150 <td>font</td> 2151 <td><i>string</i></td> 2152 <td>X11 font name</td> 2153 </tr> 2154 2155 <tr> 2156 <td>frame</td> 2157 <td><i>geometry</i></td> 2158 <td>surround the image with an ornamental border</td> 2159 </tr> 2160 2161 <tr> 2162 <td>geometry</td> 2163 <td><i>geometry</i></td> 2164 <td>preferred tile and border size of each tile of the composite 2165image (e.g. 120x120+4+3>)</td> 2166 </tr> 2167 2168 <tr> 2169 <td>gravity</td> 2170 <td>NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, 2171South, SouthEast</td> 2172 <td>direction image gravitates to within a tile</td> 2173 </tr> 2174 2175 <tr> 2176 <td>label</td> 2177 <td><i>string</i></td> 2178 <td>assign a label to an image</td> 2179 </tr> 2180 2181 <tr> 2182 <td>mode</td> 2183 <td>Frame, Unframe, Concatenate</td> 2184 <td>thumbnail framing options</td> 2185 </tr> 2186 2187 <tr> 2188 <td>pointsize</td> 2189 <td><i>integer</i></td> 2190 <td>pointsize of the Postscript or TrueType font</td> 2191 </tr> 2192 2193 <tr> 2194 <td>shadow</td> 2195 <td>{True, False}</td> 2196 <td>add a shadow beneath a tile to simulate depth</td> 2197 </tr> 2198 2199 <tr> 2200 <td>stroke</td> 2201 <td><a href="color.html">color name</a></td> 2202 <td>stroke color for annotations</td> 2203 </tr> 2204 2205 <tr> 2206 <td>texture</td> 2207 <td><i>string</i></td> 2208 <td>name of texture to tile onto the image background</td> 2209 </tr> 2210 2211 <tr> 2212 <td>tile</td> 2213 <td><i>geometry</i></td> 2214 <td>the number of tiles per row and page (e.g. 6x4)</td> 2215 </tr> 2216 2217 <tr> 2218 <td>title</td> 2219 <td>string</td> 2220 <td>assign a title to the image montage</td> 2221 </tr> 2222 2223 <tr> 2224 <td>transparent</td> 2225 <td><i>string</i></td> 2226 <td>make this color transparent within the image</td> 2227 </tr> 2228 </tbody> 2229</table> 2230 2231<p>Note, that the <code>geometry</code> parameter is a short cut for the <code>width</code> and <code>height</code> parameters (e.g. <code>geometry=>'106x80'</code> is equivalent to <code>width=>106, height=>80</code>).</p> 2232 2233<p>MontageImage() is an alias for method Montage().</p> 2234 2235<p>Most of the attributes listed above have an analog in <a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>. See the documentation for a more detailed description of these attributes.</p> 2236 2237<h2><a class="anchor" id="blobs"></a>Working with Blobs</h2> 2238 2239<p>A blob contains data that directly represent a particular image 2240format in memory instead of on disk. PerlMagick supports 2241blobs in any of these image <a href="../www/formats.html">formats</a> and provides methods to convert a blob to or from a particular image format.</p> 2242 2243<table class="table table-sm table-hover"> 2244 <caption>Blob Methods</caption> 2245 <tbody> 2246 <tr> 2247 <th>Method</th> 2248 <th>Parameters</th> 2249 <th>Return Value</th> 2250 <th>Description</th> 2251 </tr> 2252 2253 <tr> 2254 <td>ImageToBlob</td> 2255 <td>any image <a href="perl-magick.html#set-attribute">attribute</a></td> 2256 <td>an array of image data in the respective image format</td> 2257 <td>convert an image or image sequence to an array of blobs</td> 2258 </tr> 2259 2260 <tr> 2261 <td>BlobToImage</td> 2262 <td>one or more blobs</td> 2263 <td>the number of blobs converted to an image</td> 2264 <td>convert one or more blobs to an image</td> 2265 </tr> 2266 </tbody> 2267</table> 2268 2269<p>ImageToBlob() returns the image data in their respective formats. You can then print it, save it to an ODBC database, write it to a file, or pipe it to a display program:</p> 2270 2271<pre class="highlight"><code>@blobs = $image->ImageToBlob(); 2272open(DISPLAY,"| display -") || die; 2273binmode DISPLAY; 2274print DISPLAY $blobs[0]; 2275close DISPLAY; 2276</code></pre> 2277 2278<p>Method BlobToImage() returns an image or image sequence converted from the supplied blob:</p> 2279 2280<pre class="highlight"><code>@blob=$db->GetImage(); 2281$image=Image::Magick->new(magick=>'jpg'); 2282$image->BlobToImage(@blob); 2283</code></pre> 2284 2285<h2><a class="anchor" id="direct-access"></a>Direct-access to Image Pixels</h2> 2286 2287<p>Use these methods to obtain direct access to the image pixels:</p> 2288 2289<table class="table table-sm table-hover"> 2290<caption>Direct-access to Image Pixels</caption> 2291<tbody> 2292 <tr> 2293 <th>Method</th> 2294 <th>Parameters</th> 2295 <th style="width: 50%">Description</th> 2296 </tr> 2297 2298 <tr> 2299 <td>GetAuthenticPixels</td> 2300 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i>, x=><i>integer</i>, y=><i>integer</i></td> 2301 <td>return authentic pixels as a C pointer</td> 2302 </tr> 2303 2304 <tr> 2305 <td>GetVirtualPixels</td> 2306 <td>geometry=><i>geometry</i>, width=><i>integer</i>, height=><i>integer</i>, x=><i>integer</i>, y=><i>integer</i></td> 2307 <td>return virtual pixels as a const C pointer</td> 2308 </tr> 2309 2310 <tr> 2311 <td>GetAuthenticIndexQueue</td> 2312 <td></td> 2313 <td>return colormap indexes or black pixels as a C pointer</td> 2314 </tr> 2315 2316 <tr> 2317 <td>GetVirtualIndexQueue</td> 2318 <td></td> 2319 <td>return colormap indexes or black pixels as a const C pointer</td> 2320 </tr> 2321 2322 <tr> 2323 <td>SyncAuthenticPixels</td> 2324 <td></td> 2325 <td>sync authentic pixels to pixel cache</td> 2326 </tr> 2327 2328</tbody> 2329</table> 2330 2331<h2><a class="anchor" id="miscellaneous"></a>Miscellaneous Methods</h2> 2332 2333<p>The Append() method append a set of images. For example,</p> 2334 2335<pre class="highlight"><code>$p = $image->Append(stack=>{true,false}); 2336</code></pre> 2337 2338<p>appends all the images associated with object <code>$image</code>. By default, images are stacked left-to-right. Set <code>stack</code> to True to stack them top-to-bottom.</p> 2339 2340<p>The Clone() method copies a set of images. For example,</p> 2341 2342<pre class="highlight"><code>$q = $p->Clone(); 2343</code></pre> 2344 2345<p>copies all the images from object <code>$p</code> to <code>$q</code>. You can use this method for single or multi-image sequences.</p> 2346 2347<p>Coalesce() composites a set of images while respecting any page 2348offsets and disposal methods. GIF, MIFF, and MNG animation sequences 2349typically start with an image background and each subsequent image 2350varies in size and offset. A new image sequence is returned with all 2351images the same size as the first images virtual canvas and composited 2352with the next image in the sequence.. For example,</p> 2353 2354<pre class="highlight"><code>$q = $p->Coalesce(); 2355</code></pre> 2356 2357<p>The ComplexImages() method performs complex mathematics on an image sequence. For example,</p> 2358 2359<pre class="highlight"><code>$p = $image->ComplexImages('conjugate'); 2360</code></pre> 2361 2362<p>The EvaluateImages() method applies an arithmetic, logical or relational expression to a set of images. For example,</p> 2363 2364 2365<pre class="highlight"><code>$p = $image->EvaluateImages('mean'); 2366</code></pre> 2367 2368<p>averages all the images associated with object <code>$image</code>.</p> 2369 2370<p>The Features() method returns features for each channel in the image in each of four directions (horizontal, vertical, left and right diagonals) for the specified distance. The features include the angular second momentum, contrast, correlation, sum of squares: variance, inverse difference moment, sum average, sum varience, sum entropy, entropy, difference variance, difference entropy, information measures of correlation 1, information measures of correlation 2, and maximum correlation coefficient. Values in RGB, CMYK, RGBA, or CMYKA order (depending on the image type).</p> 2371 2372<pre class="highlight"><code>@features = $image->Features(1); 2373</code></pre> 2374 2375<p>The Flatten() method flattens a set of images and returns it. For example,</p> 2376 2377<pre class="highlight"><code>$p = $images->Flatten(background=>'none'); 2378$p->Write('flatten.png'); 2379</code></pre> 2380 2381<p>The sequence of images is replaced by a single image created by composing each image after the first over the first image.</p> 2382 2383<p>The Fx() method applies a mathematical expression to a set of images and returns the results. For example,</p> 2384 2385<pre class="highlight"><code>$p = $image->Fx(expression=>'(g+b)/2.0',channel=>'red'); 2386$p->Write('fx.miff'); 2387</code></pre> 2388 2389<p>replaces the red channel with the average of the green and blue channels.</p> 2390 2391<p>See <a href="fx.html">FX, The Special Effects Image Operator</a> for a detailed discussion of this method.</p> 2392 2393<p>Histogram() returns the unique colors in the image and a count for each one. The returned values are an array of red, green, blue, opacity, and count values.</p> 2394 2395<p>The Morph() method morphs a set of images. Both the image pixels and size are linearly interpolated to give the appearance of a meta-morphosis from one image to the next:</p> 2396 2397<pre class="highlight"><code>$p = $image->Morph(frames=><i>integer</i>); 2398</code></pre> 2399 2400<p>where <i>frames</i> is the number of in-between images to generate. The default is 1.</p> 2401 2402<p>Mosaic() creates an mosaic from an image sequence.</p> 2403 2404<p>Method Mogrify() is a single entry point for the image manipulation methods (<a href="perl-magick.html#manipulate">Manipulate an Image</a>). The parameters are the name of a method followed by any parameters the method may require. For example, these calls are equivalent:</p> 2405 2406<pre class="highlight"><code>$image->Crop('340x256+0+0'); 2407$image->Mogrify('crop', '340x256+0+0'); 2408</code></pre> 2409 2410<p>Method MogrifyRegion() applies a transform to a region of the image. It is similar to Mogrify() but begins with the region geometry. For example, suppose you want to brighten a 100x100 region of your image at location (40, 50):</p> 2411 2412<pre class="highlight"><code>$image->MogrifyRegion('100x100+40+50', 'modulate', brightness=>50); 2413</code></pre> 2414 2415<p>PerceptualHash() maps visually identical images to the same or similar hash-- useful in image retrieval, authentication, indexing, or copy detection as well as digital watermarking. For each channel and for the sRGB and the HCLp colorspaces, 7 hash values are returned For an sRGB images, for example, expect 42 perceptual hashes.</p> 2416 2417<pre class="highlight"><code>@phash = $image->PerceptualHash();</code></pre> 2418 2419<p>Ping() is a convenience method that returns information about an image without having to read the image into memory. It returns the width, height, file size in bytes, and the file format of the image. You can specify more than one filename but only one filehandle:</p> 2420 2421<pre class="highlight"><code>($width, $height, $size, $format) = $image->Ping('logo.png'); 2422($width, $height, $size, $format) = $image->Ping(file=>\*IMAGE); 2423($width, $height, $size, $format) = $image->Ping(blob=>$blob); 2424</code></pre> 2425 2426<p>This a more efficient and less memory intensive way to query if an image exists and what its characteristics are.</p> 2427 2428<p>Poly() builds a polynomial from the image sequence and the corresponding terms (coefficients and degree pairs):</p> 2429 2430<pre class="highlight"><code>$p = $image->Poly([0.5,1.0,0.25,2.0,1.0,1.0]); 2431</code></pre> 2432 2433<p>PreviewImage() tiles 9 thumbnails of the specified image with an image processing operation applied at varying strengths. This may be helpful pin-pointing an appropriate parameter for a particular image processing operation. Choose from these operations: <code>Rotate, Shear, Roll, Hue, Saturation, Brightness, Gamma, Spiff, Dull, Grayscale, Quantize, Despeckle, ReduceNoise, AddNoise, Sharpen, Blur, Threshold, EdgeDetect, Spread, Solarize, Shade, Raise, Segment, Swirl, Implode, Wave, OilPaint, CharcoalDrawing, JPEG</code>. Here is an example:</p> 2434 2435<pre class="highlight"><code>$preview = $image->Preview('Gamma'); 2436$preview->Display(); 2437</code></pre> 2438 2439<p>To have full control over text positioning you need font metric information. Use</p> 2440 2441<pre class="highlight"><code>($x_ppem, $y_ppem, $ascender, $descender, $width, $height, $max_advance) = 2442 $image->QueryFontMetrics(<i>parameters</i>); 2443</code></pre> 2444 2445<p>Where <i>parameters</i> is any parameter of the <a href="perl-magick.html#manipulate">Annotate</a> method. The return values are:</p> 2446 2447<ol> 2448 <li>character width</li> 2449 <li>character height</li> 2450 <li>ascender</li> 2451 <li>descender</li> 2452 <li>text width</li> 2453 <li>text height</li> 2454 <li>maximum horizontal advance</li> 2455 <li>bounds: x1</li> 2456 <li>bounds: y1</li> 2457 <li>bounds: x2</li> 2458 <li>bounds: y2</li> 2459 <li>origin: x</li> 2460 <li>origin: y</li> 2461</ol> 2462 2463<p>Use QueryMultilineFontMetrics() to get the maximum text width and height for multiple lines of text.</p> 2464 2465<p>Call QueryColor() with no parameters to return a list of known colors names or specify one or more color names to get these attributes: red, green, blue, and opacity value.</p> 2466 2467<pre class="highlight"><code>@colors = $image->QueryColor(); 2468($red, $green, $blue) = $image->QueryColor('cyan'); 2469($red, $green, $blue, $alpha) = $image->QueryColor('#716baeff'); 2470</code></pre> 2471 2472<p>QueryColorname() accepts a color value and returns its respective name or hex value;</p> 2473 2474<pre class="highlight"><code>$name = $image->QueryColorname('rgba(80,60,0,0)'); 2475</code></pre> 2476 2477<p>Call QueryFont() with no parameters to return a list of known fonts or specify one or more font names to get these attributes: font name, description, family, style, stretch, weight, encoding, foundry, format, metrics, and glyphs values.</p> 2478 2479<pre class="highlight"><code>@fonts = $image->QueryFont(); 2480$weight = ($image->QueryFont('Helvetica'))[5]; 2481</code></pre> 2482 2483<p>Call QueryFormat() with no parameters to return a list of known image formats or specify one or more format names to get these attributes: adjoin, blob support, raw, decoder, encoder, description, and module.</p> 2484 2485<pre class="highlight"><code>@formats = $image->QueryFormat(); 2486($adjoin, $blob_support, $raw, $decoder, $encoder, $description, $module) = 2487 $image->QueryFormat('gif'); 2488</code></pre> 2489 2490<p>Call MagickToMime() with the image format name to get its MIME type such as <code>images/tiff</code> from <code>tif</code>.</p> 2491 2492<pre class="highlight"><code>$mime = $image->MagickToMime('tif'); 2493</code></pre> 2494 2495<p>Use RemoteCommand() to send a command to an already running <a href="../www/display.html">display</a> or <a href="animate.html">animate</a> application. The only parameter is the name of the image file to display or animate.</p> 2496 2497<pre class="highlight"><code>$image->RemoteCommand('image.jpg'); 2498</code></pre> 2499 2500<p>The Smush() method smushes a set of images together. For example,</p> 2501 2502<pre class="highlight"><code>$p = $image->Smush(stack=>{true,false},offset=><var>integer</var>); 2503</code></pre> 2504 2505<p>smushes together all the images associated with object <code>$image</code>. By default, images are smushed left-to-right. Set <code>stack</code> to True to smushed them top-to-bottom.</p> 2506 2507<p>Statistics() returns the image statistics for each channel in the image. The returned values are an array of depth, minima, maxima, mean, standard deviation, kurtosis, skewness, and entropy values in RGB, CMYK, RGBA, or CMYKA order (depending on the image type).</p> 2508 2509<pre class="highlight"><code>@statistics = $image->Statistics(); 2510</code></pre> 2511 2512<p>Finally, the Transform() method accepts a fully-qualified geometry specification for cropping or resizing one or more images. For example,</p> 2513 2514<pre class="highlight"><code>$p = $image->Transform(crop=>'100x100+0+0'); 2515</code></pre> 2516 2517<p>You can optionally add <i>Image</i> to any method name above. For example, PingImage() is an alias for method Ping().</p> 2518 2519<h2><a class="anchor" id="exceptions"></a>Handling Exceptions</h2> 2520 2521<p>All PerlMagick methods return an undefined string context upon success. If any problems occur, the error is returned as a string with an embedded numeric status code. A status code less than 400 is a warning. This means that the operation did not complete but was recoverable to some degree. A numeric code greater or equal to 400 is an error and indicates the operation failed completely. Here is how exceptions are returned for the different methods:</p> 2522 2523<p>Methods which return a number (e.g. Read(), Write()):</p> 2524 2525<pre class="highlight"><code>$x = $image->Read(...); 2526warn "$x" if "$x"; # print the error message 2527$x =~ /(\d+)/; 2528print $1; # print the error number 2529print 0+$x; # print the number of images read 2530</code></pre> 2531 2532<p>Methods which operate on an image (e.g. Resize(), Crop()):</p> 2533 2534<pre class="highlight"><code>$x = $image->Crop(...); 2535warn "$x" if "$x"; # print the error message 2536$x =~ /(\d+)/; 2537print $1; # print the error number 2538</code></pre> 2539 2540<p>Methods which return images (EvaluateSequence(), Montage(), Clone()) should be checked for errors this way:</p> 2541 2542<pre class="highlight"><code>$x = $image->Montage(...); 2543warn "$x" if !ref($x); # print the error message 2544$x =~ /(\d+)/; 2545print $1; # print the error number 2546</code></pre> 2547 2548<p>Here is an example error message:</p> 2549 2550<pre class="highlight"><code>Error 400: Memory allocation failed 2551</code></pre> 2552 2553<p>Review the complete list of <a href="exception.html">error and warning codes</a>.</p> 2554 2555<p>The following illustrates how you can use a numeric status code:</p> 2556 2557<pre class="highlight"><code>$x = $image->Read('rose.png'); 2558$x =~ /(\d+)/; 2559die "unable to continue" if ($1 == ResourceLimitError); 2560</code></pre> 2561 2562<h2><a class="anchor" id="constants"></a>Constants</h2> 2563 2564<p>PerlMagick includes these constants:</p> 2565 2566<pre class="pre-scrollable highlight"><code>BlobError 2567BlobWarning 2568CacheError 2569CacheWarning 2570CoderError 2571CoderWarning 2572ConfigureError 2573ConfigureWarning 2574CorruptImageError 2575CorruptImageWarning 2576DelegateError 2577DelegateWarning 2578DrawError 2579DrawWarning 2580ErrorException 2581FatalErrorException 2582FileOpenError 2583FileOpenWarning 2584ImageError 2585ImageWarning 2586MissingDelegateError 2587MissingDelegateWarning 2588ModuleError 2589ModuleWarning 2590Opaque 2591OptionError 2592OptionWarning 2593QuantumDepth 2594QuantumRange 2595RegistryError 2596RegistryWarning 2597ResourceLimitError 2598ResourceLimitWarning 2599StreamError 2600StreamWarning 2601Success 2602Transparent 2603TypeError 2604TypeWarning 2605WarningException 2606XServerError 2607XServerWarning 2608</code></pre> 2609 2610<p>You can access them like this:</p> 2611 2612<pre class="highlight"><code>Image::Magick->QuantumDepth 2613</code></pre> 2614 2615</div> 2616 </div> 2617 </main><!-- /.container --> 2618 <footer class="magick-footer"> 2619 <div class="container-fluid"> 2620 <a href="../www/security-policy.html">Security</a> • 2621 <a href="../www/news.html">News</a> 2622 2623 <a href="perl-magick.html#"><img class="d-inline" id="wand" alt="And Now a Touch of Magick" width="16" height="16" src="../images/wand.ico"/></a> 2624 2625 <a href="../www/links.html">Related</a> • 2626 <a href="../www/sitemap.html">Sitemap</a> 2627 <br/> 2628 <a href="../www/support.html">Sponsor</a> • 2629 <a href="../www/cite.html">Cite</a> • 2630 <a href="http://pgp.mit.edu/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x89AB63D48277377A">Public Key</a> • 2631 <a href="../www/https://imagemagick.org/script/contact.php">Contact Us</a> 2632 <br/> 2633 <a href="https://github.com/imagemagick/imagemagick" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="GitHub"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="navbar-nav-svg" viewBox="0 0 512 499.36" width="2%" height="2%" role="img" focusable="false"><title>GitHub</title><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M256 0C114.64 0 0 114.61 0 256c0 113.09 73.34 209 175.08 242.9 12.8 2.35 17.47-5.56 17.47-12.34 0-6.08-.22-22.18-.35-43.54-71.2 15.49-86.2-34.34-86.2-34.34-11.64-29.57-28.42-37.45-28.42-37.45-23.27-15.84 1.73-15.55 1.73-15.55 25.69 1.81 39.21 26.38 39.21 26.38 22.84 39.12 59.92 27.82 74.5 21.27 2.33-16.54 8.94-27.82 16.25-34.22-56.84-6.43-116.6-28.43-116.6-126.49 0-27.95 10-50.8 26.35-68.69-2.63-6.48-11.42-32.5 2.51-67.75 0 0 21.49-6.88 70.4 26.24a242.65 242.65 0 0 1 128.18 0c48.87-33.13 70.33-26.24 70.33-26.24 14 35.25 5.18 61.27 2.55 67.75 16.41 17.9 26.31 40.75 26.31 68.69 0 98.35-59.85 120-116.88 126.32 9.19 7.9 17.38 23.53 17.38 47.41 0 34.22-.31 61.83-.31 70.23 0 6.85 4.61 14.81 17.6 12.31C438.72 464.97 512 369.08 512 256.02 512 114.62 397.37 0 256 0z"/></svg></a> • 2634 <a href="https://twitter.com/imagemagick" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Twitter"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="navbar-nav-svg" viewBox="0 0 512 416.32" width="2%" height="2%" role="img" focusable="false"><title>Twitter</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M160.83 416.32c193.2 0 298.92-160.22 298.92-298.92 0-4.51 0-9-.2-13.52A214 214 0 0 0 512 49.38a212.93 212.93 0 0 1-60.44 16.6 105.7 105.7 0 0 0 46.3-58.19 209 209 0 0 1-66.79 25.37 105.09 105.09 0 0 0-181.73 71.91 116.12 116.12 0 0 0 2.66 24c-87.28-4.3-164.73-46.3-216.56-109.82A105.48 105.48 0 0 0 68 159.6a106.27 106.27 0 0 1-47.53-13.11v1.43a105.28 105.28 0 0 0 84.21 103.06 105.67 105.67 0 0 1-47.33 1.84 105.06 105.06 0 0 0 98.14 72.94A210.72 210.72 0 0 1 25 370.84a202.17 202.17 0 0 1-25-1.43 298.85 298.85 0 0 0 160.83 46.92"/></svg></a> 2635 <br/> 2636 <small>© 1999-2021 ImageMagick Studio LLC</small> 2637 </div> 2638 </footer> 2639 2640 <!-- Javascript assets --> 2641 <script src="assets/magick.js" ></script> 2642 </body> 2643</html> 2644<!-- Magick Cache 13th February 2021 14:08 -->
