1 // Copyright 2017 The Abseil Authors.
2 //
3 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
4 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
5 // You may obtain a copy of the License at
6 //
7 //      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
8 //
9 // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
10 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
11 // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
12 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
13 // limitations under the License.
14 
15 // This file defines dynamic annotations for use with dynamic analysis tool
16 // such as valgrind, PIN, etc.
17 //
18 // Dynamic annotation is a source code annotation that affects the generated
19 // code (that is, the annotation is not a comment). Each such annotation is
20 // attached to a particular instruction and/or to a particular object (address)
21 // in the program.
22 //
23 // The annotations that should be used by users are macros in all upper-case
24 // (e.g., ANNOTATE_THREAD_NAME).
25 //
26 // Actual implementation of these macros may differ depending on the dynamic
27 // analysis tool being used.
28 //
29 // This file supports the following configurations:
30 // - Dynamic Annotations enabled (with static thread-safety warnings disabled).
31 //   In this case, macros expand to functions implemented by Thread Sanitizer,
32 //   when building with TSan. When not provided an external implementation,
33 //   dynamic_annotations.cc provides no-op implementations.
34 //
35 // - Static Clang thread-safety warnings enabled.
36 //   When building with a Clang compiler that supports thread-safety warnings,
37 //   a subset of annotations can be statically-checked at compile-time. We
38 //   expand these macros to static-inline functions that can be analyzed for
39 //   thread-safety, but afterwards elided when building the final binary.
40 //
41 // - All annotations are disabled.
42 //   If neither Dynamic Annotations nor Clang thread-safety warnings are
43 //   enabled, then all annotation-macros expand to empty.
44 
45 #ifndef ABSL_BASE_INTERNAL_DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_H_
46 #define ABSL_BASE_INTERNAL_DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_H_
47 
48 #include <stddef.h>
49 
50 #include "absl/base/config.h"
51 
52 // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
53 // Decide which features are enabled
54 
55 #ifndef DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
56 #define DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 0
57 #endif
58 
59 #if defined(__clang__) && !defined(SWIG)
60 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_ATTRIBUTE_ENABLED 1
61 #endif
62 
63 #if DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED != 0
64 
65 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_RACE_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 1
66 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_READS_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 1
67 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_WRITES_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 1
68 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_ANNOTALYSIS_ENABLED 0
69 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_READS_WRITES_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 1
70 
71 #else
72 
73 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_RACE_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 0
74 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_READS_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 0
75 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_WRITES_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 0
76 
77 // Clang provides limited support for static thread-safety analysis through a
78 // feature called Annotalysis. We configure macro-definitions according to
79 // whether Annotalysis support is available. When running in opt-mode, GCC
80 // will issue a warning, if these attributes are compiled. Only include them
81 // when compiling using Clang.
82 
83 // ANNOTALYSIS_ENABLED == 1 when IGNORE_READ_ATTRIBUTE_ENABLED == 1
84 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_ANNOTALYSIS_ENABLED \
85   defined(ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_ATTRIBUTE_ENABLED)
86 // Read/write annotations are enabled in Annotalysis mode; disabled otherwise.
87 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_READS_WRITES_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED \
88   ABSL_INTERNAL_ANNOTALYSIS_ENABLED
89 #endif
90 
91 // Memory annotations are also made available to LLVM's Memory Sanitizer
92 #if defined(ABSL_HAVE_MEMORY_SANITIZER) && !defined(__native_client__)
93 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_MEMORY_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 1
94 #endif
95 
96 #ifndef ABSL_INTERNAL_MEMORY_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
97 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_MEMORY_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 0
98 #endif
99 
100 #ifdef __cplusplus
101 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_BEGIN_EXTERN_C extern "C" {
102 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_END_EXTERN_C }  // extern "C"
103 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(F) ::F
104 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_STATIC_INLINE inline
105 #else
106 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_BEGIN_EXTERN_C  // empty
107 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_END_EXTERN_C    // empty
108 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(F) F
109 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_STATIC_INLINE static inline
110 #endif
111 
112 // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
113 // Define race annotations.
114 
115 #if ABSL_INTERNAL_RACE_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 1
116 
117 // -------------------------------------------------------------
118 // Annotations that suppress errors. It is usually better to express the
119 // program's synchronization using the other annotations, but these can be used
120 // when all else fails.
121 
122 // Report that we may have a benign race at `pointer`, with size
123 // "sizeof(*(pointer))". `pointer` must be a non-void* pointer. Insert at the
124 // point where `pointer` has been allocated, preferably close to the point
125 // where the race happens. See also ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_STATIC.
126 #define ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE(pointer, description)     \
127   ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateBenignRaceSized) \
128   (__FILE__, __LINE__, pointer, sizeof(*(pointer)), description)
129 
130 // Same as ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE(`address`, `description`), but applies to
131 // the memory range [`address`, `address`+`size`).
132 #define ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_SIZED(address, size, description) \
133   ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateBenignRaceSized)         \
134   (__FILE__, __LINE__, address, size, description)
135 
136 // Enable (`enable`!=0) or disable (`enable`==0) race detection for all threads.
137 // This annotation could be useful if you want to skip expensive race analysis
138 // during some period of program execution, e.g. during initialization.
139 #define ANNOTATE_ENABLE_RACE_DETECTION(enable)             \
140   ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateEnableRaceDetection) \
141   (__FILE__, __LINE__, enable)
142 
143 // -------------------------------------------------------------
144 // Annotations useful for debugging.
145 
146 // Report the current thread `name` to a race detector.
147 #define ANNOTATE_THREAD_NAME(name) \
148   ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateThreadName)(__FILE__, __LINE__, name)
149 
150 // -------------------------------------------------------------
151 // Annotations useful when implementing locks. They are not normally needed by
152 // modules that merely use locks. The `lock` argument is a pointer to the lock
153 // object.
154 
155 // Report that a lock has been created at address `lock`.
156 #define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_CREATE(lock) \
157   ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateRWLockCreate)(__FILE__, __LINE__, lock)
158 
159 // Report that a linker initialized lock has been created at address `lock`.
160 #ifdef ABSL_HAVE_THREAD_SANITIZER
161 #define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_CREATE_STATIC(lock)               \
162   ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateRWLockCreateStatic) \
163   (__FILE__, __LINE__, lock)
164 #else
165 #define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_CREATE_STATIC(lock) ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_CREATE(lock)
166 #endif
167 
168 // Report that the lock at address `lock` is about to be destroyed.
169 #define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_DESTROY(lock) \
170   ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateRWLockDestroy)(__FILE__, __LINE__, lock)
171 
172 // Report that the lock at address `lock` has been acquired.
173 // `is_w`=1 for writer lock, `is_w`=0 for reader lock.
174 #define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_ACQUIRED(lock, is_w)          \
175   ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateRWLockAcquired) \
176   (__FILE__, __LINE__, lock, is_w)
177 
178 // Report that the lock at address `lock` is about to be released.
179 // `is_w`=1 for writer lock, `is_w`=0 for reader lock.
180 #define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_RELEASED(lock, is_w)          \
181   ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateRWLockReleased) \
182   (__FILE__, __LINE__, lock, is_w)
183 
184 // Apply ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_SIZED to a static variable `static_var`.
185 #define ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_STATIC(static_var, description)      \
186   namespace {                                                     \
187   class static_var##_annotator {                                  \
188    public:                                                        \
189     static_var##_annotator() {                                    \
190       ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_SIZED(&static_var, sizeof(static_var), \
191                                  #static_var ": " description);   \
192     }                                                             \
193   };                                                              \
194   static static_var##_annotator the##static_var##_annotator;      \
195   }  // namespace
196 
197 #else  // ABSL_INTERNAL_RACE_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 0
198 
199 #define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_CREATE(lock)                            // empty
200 #define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_CREATE_STATIC(lock)                     // empty
201 #define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_DESTROY(lock)                           // empty
202 #define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_ACQUIRED(lock, is_w)                    // empty
203 #define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_RELEASED(lock, is_w)                    // empty
204 #define ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE(address, description)              // empty
205 #define ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_SIZED(address, size, description)  // empty
206 #define ANNOTATE_THREAD_NAME(name)                              // empty
207 #define ANNOTATE_ENABLE_RACE_DETECTION(enable)                  // empty
208 #define ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_STATIC(static_var, description)    // empty
209 
210 #endif  // ABSL_INTERNAL_RACE_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
211 
212 // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
213 // Define memory annotations.
214 
215 #if ABSL_INTERNAL_MEMORY_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 1
216 
217 #include <sanitizer/msan_interface.h>
218 
219 #define ANNOTATE_MEMORY_IS_INITIALIZED(address, size) \
220   __msan_unpoison(address, size)
221 
222 #define ANNOTATE_MEMORY_IS_UNINITIALIZED(address, size) \
223   __msan_allocated_memory(address, size)
224 
225 #else  // ABSL_INTERNAL_MEMORY_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 0
226 
227 #if DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 1
228 #define ANNOTATE_MEMORY_IS_INITIALIZED(address, size) \
229   do {                                                \
230     (void)(address);                                  \
231     (void)(size);                                     \
232   } while (0)
233 #define ANNOTATE_MEMORY_IS_UNINITIALIZED(address, size) \
234   do {                                                  \
235     (void)(address);                                    \
236     (void)(size);                                       \
237   } while (0)
238 #else
239 #define ANNOTATE_MEMORY_IS_INITIALIZED(address, size)    // empty
240 #define ANNOTATE_MEMORY_IS_UNINITIALIZED(address, size)  // empty
241 #endif
242 
243 #endif  // ABSL_INTERNAL_MEMORY_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
244 
245 // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
246 // Define IGNORE_READS_BEGIN/_END attributes.
247 
248 #if defined(ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_ATTRIBUTE_ENABLED)
249 
250 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN_ATTRIBUTE \
251   __attribute((exclusive_lock_function("*")))
252 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_END_ATTRIBUTE \
253   __attribute((unlock_function("*")))
254 
255 #else  // !defined(ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_ATTRIBUTE_ENABLED)
256 
257 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN_ATTRIBUTE  // empty
258 #define ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_END_ATTRIBUTE    // empty
259 
260 #endif  // defined(ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_ATTRIBUTE_ENABLED)
261 
262 // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
263 // Define IGNORE_READS_BEGIN/_END annotations.
264 
265 #if ABSL_INTERNAL_READS_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 1
266 
267 // Request the analysis tool to ignore all reads in the current thread until
268 // ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END is called. Useful to ignore intentional racey
269 // reads, while still checking other reads and all writes.
270 // See also ANNOTATE_UNPROTECTED_READ.
271 #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN() \
272   ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateIgnoreReadsBegin)(__FILE__, __LINE__)
273 
274 // Stop ignoring reads.
275 #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END() \
276   ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateIgnoreReadsEnd)(__FILE__, __LINE__)
277 
278 #elif defined(ABSL_INTERNAL_ANNOTALYSIS_ENABLED)
279 
280 // When Annotalysis is enabled without Dynamic Annotations, the use of
281 // static-inline functions allows the annotations to be read at compile-time,
282 // while still letting the compiler elide the functions from the final build.
283 //
284 // TODO(delesley) -- The exclusive lock here ignores writes as well, but
285 // allows IGNORE_READS_AND_WRITES to work properly.
286 
287 #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN() \
288   ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AbslInternalAnnotateIgnoreReadsBegin)()
289 
290 #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END() \
291   ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AbslInternalAnnotateIgnoreReadsEnd)()
292 
293 #else
294 
295 #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN()  // empty
296 #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END()    // empty
297 
298 #endif
299 
300 // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
301 // Define IGNORE_WRITES_BEGIN/_END annotations.
302 
303 #if ABSL_INTERNAL_WRITES_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 1
304 
305 // Similar to ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN, but ignore writes instead.
306 #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_BEGIN() \
307   ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateIgnoreWritesBegin)(__FILE__, __LINE__)
308 
309 // Stop ignoring writes.
310 #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_END() \
311   ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateIgnoreWritesEnd)(__FILE__, __LINE__)
312 
313 #else
314 
315 #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_BEGIN()  // empty
316 #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_END()    // empty
317 
318 #endif
319 
320 // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
321 // Define the ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_AND_WRITES_* annotations using the more
322 // primitive annotations defined above.
323 //
324 //     Instead of doing
325 //        ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN();
326 //        ... = x;
327 //        ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END();
328 //     one can use
329 //        ... = ANNOTATE_UNPROTECTED_READ(x);
330 
331 #if defined(ABSL_INTERNAL_READS_WRITES_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED)
332 
333 // Start ignoring all memory accesses (both reads and writes).
334 #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_AND_WRITES_BEGIN() \
335   do {                                           \
336     ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN();               \
337     ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_BEGIN();              \
338   } while (0)
339 
340 // Stop ignoring both reads and writes.
341 #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_AND_WRITES_END() \
342   do {                                         \
343     ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_END();              \
344     ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END();               \
345   } while (0)
346 
347 #ifdef __cplusplus
348 // ANNOTATE_UNPROTECTED_READ is the preferred way to annotate racey reads.
349 #define ANNOTATE_UNPROTECTED_READ(x) \
350   absl::base_internal::AnnotateUnprotectedRead(x)
351 
352 #endif
353 
354 #else
355 
356 #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_AND_WRITES_BEGIN()  // empty
357 #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_AND_WRITES_END()    // empty
358 #define ANNOTATE_UNPROTECTED_READ(x) (x)
359 
360 #endif
361 
362 // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
363 // Address sanitizer annotations
364 
365 #ifdef ABSL_HAVE_ADDRESS_SANITIZER
366 // Describe the current state of a contiguous container such as e.g.
367 // std::vector or std::string. For more details see
368 // sanitizer/common_interface_defs.h, which is provided by the compiler.
369 #include <sanitizer/common_interface_defs.h>
370 
371 #define ANNOTATE_CONTIGUOUS_CONTAINER(beg, end, old_mid, new_mid) \
372   __sanitizer_annotate_contiguous_container(beg, end, old_mid, new_mid)
373 #define ADDRESS_SANITIZER_REDZONE(name)    \
374   struct {                                 \
375     char x[8] __attribute__((aligned(8))); \
376   } name
377 
378 #else
379 
380 #define ANNOTATE_CONTIGUOUS_CONTAINER(beg, end, old_mid, new_mid)
381 #define ADDRESS_SANITIZER_REDZONE(name) static_assert(true, "")
382 
383 #endif  // ABSL_HAVE_ADDRESS_SANITIZER
384 
385 // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
386 // Undefine the macros intended only for this file.
387 
388 #undef ABSL_INTERNAL_RACE_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
389 #undef ABSL_INTERNAL_MEMORY_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
390 #undef ABSL_INTERNAL_READS_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
391 #undef ABSL_INTERNAL_WRITES_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
392 #undef ABSL_INTERNAL_ANNOTALYSIS_ENABLED
393 #undef ABSL_INTERNAL_READS_WRITES_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
394 #undef ABSL_INTERNAL_BEGIN_EXTERN_C
395 #undef ABSL_INTERNAL_END_EXTERN_C
396 #undef ABSL_INTERNAL_STATIC_INLINE
397 
398 #endif  // ABSL_BASE_INTERNAL_DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_H_
399