1#
2# DEPRECATED: implementation for ffi.verify()
3#
4import sys, os
5import types
6
7from . import model
8from .error import VerificationError
9
10
11class VGenericEngine(object):
12    _class_key = 'g'
13    _gen_python_module = False
14
15    def __init__(self, verifier):
16        self.verifier = verifier
17        self.ffi = verifier.ffi
18        self.export_symbols = []
19        self._struct_pending_verification = {}
20
21    def patch_extension_kwds(self, kwds):
22        # add 'export_symbols' to the dictionary.  Note that we add the
23        # list before filling it.  When we fill it, it will thus also show
24        # up in kwds['export_symbols'].
25        kwds.setdefault('export_symbols', self.export_symbols)
26
27    def find_module(self, module_name, path, so_suffixes):
28        for so_suffix in so_suffixes:
29            basename = module_name + so_suffix
30            if path is None:
31                path = sys.path
32            for dirname in path:
33                filename = os.path.join(dirname, basename)
34                if os.path.isfile(filename):
35                    return filename
36
37    def collect_types(self):
38        pass      # not needed in the generic engine
39
40    def _prnt(self, what=''):
41        self._f.write(what + '\n')
42
43    def write_source_to_f(self):
44        prnt = self._prnt
45        # first paste some standard set of lines that are mostly '#include'
46        prnt(cffimod_header)
47        # then paste the C source given by the user, verbatim.
48        prnt(self.verifier.preamble)
49        #
50        # call generate_gen_xxx_decl(), for every xxx found from
51        # ffi._parser._declarations.  This generates all the functions.
52        self._generate('decl')
53        #
54        # on Windows, distutils insists on putting init_cffi_xyz in
55        # 'export_symbols', so instead of fighting it, just give up and
56        # give it one
57        if sys.platform == 'win32':
58            if sys.version_info >= (3,):
59                prefix = 'PyInit_'
60            else:
61                prefix = 'init'
62            modname = self.verifier.get_module_name()
63            prnt("void %s%s(void) { }\n" % (prefix, modname))
64
65    def load_library(self, flags=0):
66        # import it with the CFFI backend
67        backend = self.ffi._backend
68        # needs to make a path that contains '/', on Posix
69        filename = os.path.join(os.curdir, self.verifier.modulefilename)
70        module = backend.load_library(filename, flags)
71        #
72        # call loading_gen_struct() to get the struct layout inferred by
73        # the C compiler
74        self._load(module, 'loading')
75
76        # build the FFILibrary class and instance, this is a module subclass
77        # because modules are expected to have usually-constant-attributes and
78        # in PyPy this means the JIT is able to treat attributes as constant,
79        # which we want.
80        class FFILibrary(types.ModuleType):
81            _cffi_generic_module = module
82            _cffi_ffi = self.ffi
83            _cffi_dir = []
84            def __dir__(self):
85                return FFILibrary._cffi_dir
86        library = FFILibrary("")
87        #
88        # finally, call the loaded_gen_xxx() functions.  This will set
89        # up the 'library' object.
90        self._load(module, 'loaded', library=library)
91        return library
92
93    def _get_declarations(self):
94        lst = [(key, tp) for (key, (tp, qual)) in
95                                self.ffi._parser._declarations.items()]
96        lst.sort()
97        return lst
98
99    def _generate(self, step_name):
100        for name, tp in self._get_declarations():
101            kind, realname = name.split(' ', 1)
102            try:
103                method = getattr(self, '_generate_gen_%s_%s' % (kind,
104                                                                step_name))
105            except AttributeError:
106                raise VerificationError(
107                    "not implemented in verify(): %r" % name)
108            try:
109                method(tp, realname)
110            except Exception as e:
111                model.attach_exception_info(e, name)
112                raise
113
114    def _load(self, module, step_name, **kwds):
115        for name, tp in self._get_declarations():
116            kind, realname = name.split(' ', 1)
117            method = getattr(self, '_%s_gen_%s' % (step_name, kind))
118            try:
119                method(tp, realname, module, **kwds)
120            except Exception as e:
121                model.attach_exception_info(e, name)
122                raise
123
124    def _generate_nothing(self, tp, name):
125        pass
126
127    def _loaded_noop(self, tp, name, module, **kwds):
128        pass
129
130    # ----------
131    # typedefs: generates no code so far
132
133    _generate_gen_typedef_decl   = _generate_nothing
134    _loading_gen_typedef         = _loaded_noop
135    _loaded_gen_typedef          = _loaded_noop
136
137    # ----------
138    # function declarations
139
140    def _generate_gen_function_decl(self, tp, name):
141        assert isinstance(tp, model.FunctionPtrType)
142        if tp.ellipsis:
143            # cannot support vararg functions better than this: check for its
144            # exact type (including the fixed arguments), and build it as a
145            # constant function pointer (no _cffi_f_%s wrapper)
146            self._generate_gen_const(False, name, tp)
147            return
148        prnt = self._prnt
149        numargs = len(tp.args)
150        argnames = []
151        for i, type in enumerate(tp.args):
152            indirection = ''
153            if isinstance(type, model.StructOrUnion):
154                indirection = '*'
155            argnames.append('%sx%d' % (indirection, i))
156        context = 'argument of %s' % name
157        arglist = [type.get_c_name(' %s' % arg, context)
158                   for type, arg in zip(tp.args, argnames)]
159        tpresult = tp.result
160        if isinstance(tpresult, model.StructOrUnion):
161            arglist.insert(0, tpresult.get_c_name(' *r', context))
162            tpresult = model.void_type
163        arglist = ', '.join(arglist) or 'void'
164        wrappername = '_cffi_f_%s' % name
165        self.export_symbols.append(wrappername)
166        if tp.abi:
167            abi = tp.abi + ' '
168        else:
169            abi = ''
170        funcdecl = ' %s%s(%s)' % (abi, wrappername, arglist)
171        context = 'result of %s' % name
172        prnt(tpresult.get_c_name(funcdecl, context))
173        prnt('{')
174        #
175        if isinstance(tp.result, model.StructOrUnion):
176            result_code = '*r = '
177        elif not isinstance(tp.result, model.VoidType):
178            result_code = 'return '
179        else:
180            result_code = ''
181        prnt('  %s%s(%s);' % (result_code, name, ', '.join(argnames)))
182        prnt('}')
183        prnt()
184
185    _loading_gen_function = _loaded_noop
186
187    def _loaded_gen_function(self, tp, name, module, library):
188        assert isinstance(tp, model.FunctionPtrType)
189        if tp.ellipsis:
190            newfunction = self._load_constant(False, tp, name, module)
191        else:
192            indirections = []
193            base_tp = tp
194            if (any(isinstance(typ, model.StructOrUnion) for typ in tp.args)
195                    or isinstance(tp.result, model.StructOrUnion)):
196                indirect_args = []
197                for i, typ in enumerate(tp.args):
198                    if isinstance(typ, model.StructOrUnion):
199                        typ = model.PointerType(typ)
200                        indirections.append((i, typ))
201                    indirect_args.append(typ)
202                indirect_result = tp.result
203                if isinstance(indirect_result, model.StructOrUnion):
204                    if indirect_result.fldtypes is None:
205                        raise TypeError("'%s' is used as result type, "
206                                        "but is opaque" % (
207                                            indirect_result._get_c_name(),))
208                    indirect_result = model.PointerType(indirect_result)
209                    indirect_args.insert(0, indirect_result)
210                    indirections.insert(0, ("result", indirect_result))
211                    indirect_result = model.void_type
212                tp = model.FunctionPtrType(tuple(indirect_args),
213                                           indirect_result, tp.ellipsis)
214            BFunc = self.ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
215            wrappername = '_cffi_f_%s' % name
216            newfunction = module.load_function(BFunc, wrappername)
217            for i, typ in indirections:
218                newfunction = self._make_struct_wrapper(newfunction, i, typ,
219                                                        base_tp)
220        setattr(library, name, newfunction)
221        type(library)._cffi_dir.append(name)
222
223    def _make_struct_wrapper(self, oldfunc, i, tp, base_tp):
224        backend = self.ffi._backend
225        BType = self.ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
226        if i == "result":
227            ffi = self.ffi
228            def newfunc(*args):
229                res = ffi.new(BType)
230                oldfunc(res, *args)
231                return res[0]
232        else:
233            def newfunc(*args):
234                args = args[:i] + (backend.newp(BType, args[i]),) + args[i+1:]
235                return oldfunc(*args)
236        newfunc._cffi_base_type = base_tp
237        return newfunc
238
239    # ----------
240    # named structs
241
242    def _generate_gen_struct_decl(self, tp, name):
243        assert name == tp.name
244        self._generate_struct_or_union_decl(tp, 'struct', name)
245
246    def _loading_gen_struct(self, tp, name, module):
247        self._loading_struct_or_union(tp, 'struct', name, module)
248
249    def _loaded_gen_struct(self, tp, name, module, **kwds):
250        self._loaded_struct_or_union(tp)
251
252    def _generate_gen_union_decl(self, tp, name):
253        assert name == tp.name
254        self._generate_struct_or_union_decl(tp, 'union', name)
255
256    def _loading_gen_union(self, tp, name, module):
257        self._loading_struct_or_union(tp, 'union', name, module)
258
259    def _loaded_gen_union(self, tp, name, module, **kwds):
260        self._loaded_struct_or_union(tp)
261
262    def _generate_struct_or_union_decl(self, tp, prefix, name):
263        if tp.fldnames is None:
264            return     # nothing to do with opaque structs
265        checkfuncname = '_cffi_check_%s_%s' % (prefix, name)
266        layoutfuncname = '_cffi_layout_%s_%s' % (prefix, name)
267        cname = ('%s %s' % (prefix, name)).strip()
268        #
269        prnt = self._prnt
270        prnt('static void %s(%s *p)' % (checkfuncname, cname))
271        prnt('{')
272        prnt('  /* only to generate compile-time warnings or errors */')
273        prnt('  (void)p;')
274        for fname, ftype, fbitsize, fqual in tp.enumfields():
275            if (isinstance(ftype, model.PrimitiveType)
276                and ftype.is_integer_type()) or fbitsize >= 0:
277                # accept all integers, but complain on float or double
278                prnt('  (void)((p->%s) << 1);' % fname)
279            else:
280                # only accept exactly the type declared.
281                try:
282                    prnt('  { %s = &p->%s; (void)tmp; }' % (
283                        ftype.get_c_name('*tmp', 'field %r'%fname, quals=fqual),
284                        fname))
285                except VerificationError as e:
286                    prnt('  /* %s */' % str(e))   # cannot verify it, ignore
287        prnt('}')
288        self.export_symbols.append(layoutfuncname)
289        prnt('intptr_t %s(intptr_t i)' % (layoutfuncname,))
290        prnt('{')
291        prnt('  struct _cffi_aligncheck { char x; %s y; };' % cname)
292        prnt('  static intptr_t nums[] = {')
293        prnt('    sizeof(%s),' % cname)
294        prnt('    offsetof(struct _cffi_aligncheck, y),')
295        for fname, ftype, fbitsize, fqual in tp.enumfields():
296            if fbitsize >= 0:
297                continue      # xxx ignore fbitsize for now
298            prnt('    offsetof(%s, %s),' % (cname, fname))
299            if isinstance(ftype, model.ArrayType) and ftype.length is None:
300                prnt('    0,  /* %s */' % ftype._get_c_name())
301            else:
302                prnt('    sizeof(((%s *)0)->%s),' % (cname, fname))
303        prnt('    -1')
304        prnt('  };')
305        prnt('  return nums[i];')
306        prnt('  /* the next line is not executed, but compiled */')
307        prnt('  %s(0);' % (checkfuncname,))
308        prnt('}')
309        prnt()
310
311    def _loading_struct_or_union(self, tp, prefix, name, module):
312        if tp.fldnames is None:
313            return     # nothing to do with opaque structs
314        layoutfuncname = '_cffi_layout_%s_%s' % (prefix, name)
315        #
316        BFunc = self.ffi._typeof_locked("intptr_t(*)(intptr_t)")[0]
317        function = module.load_function(BFunc, layoutfuncname)
318        layout = []
319        num = 0
320        while True:
321            x = function(num)
322            if x < 0: break
323            layout.append(x)
324            num += 1
325        if isinstance(tp, model.StructOrUnion) and tp.partial:
326            # use the function()'s sizes and offsets to guide the
327            # layout of the struct
328            totalsize = layout[0]
329            totalalignment = layout[1]
330            fieldofs = layout[2::2]
331            fieldsize = layout[3::2]
332            tp.force_flatten()
333            assert len(fieldofs) == len(fieldsize) == len(tp.fldnames)
334            tp.fixedlayout = fieldofs, fieldsize, totalsize, totalalignment
335        else:
336            cname = ('%s %s' % (prefix, name)).strip()
337            self._struct_pending_verification[tp] = layout, cname
338
339    def _loaded_struct_or_union(self, tp):
340        if tp.fldnames is None:
341            return     # nothing to do with opaque structs
342        self.ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)   # force 'fixedlayout' to be considered
343
344        if tp in self._struct_pending_verification:
345            # check that the layout sizes and offsets match the real ones
346            def check(realvalue, expectedvalue, msg):
347                if realvalue != expectedvalue:
348                    raise VerificationError(
349                        "%s (we have %d, but C compiler says %d)"
350                        % (msg, expectedvalue, realvalue))
351            ffi = self.ffi
352            BStruct = ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
353            layout, cname = self._struct_pending_verification.pop(tp)
354            check(layout[0], ffi.sizeof(BStruct), "wrong total size")
355            check(layout[1], ffi.alignof(BStruct), "wrong total alignment")
356            i = 2
357            for fname, ftype, fbitsize, fqual in tp.enumfields():
358                if fbitsize >= 0:
359                    continue        # xxx ignore fbitsize for now
360                check(layout[i], ffi.offsetof(BStruct, fname),
361                      "wrong offset for field %r" % (fname,))
362                if layout[i+1] != 0:
363                    BField = ffi._get_cached_btype(ftype)
364                    check(layout[i+1], ffi.sizeof(BField),
365                          "wrong size for field %r" % (fname,))
366                i += 2
367            assert i == len(layout)
368
369    # ----------
370    # 'anonymous' declarations.  These are produced for anonymous structs
371    # or unions; the 'name' is obtained by a typedef.
372
373    def _generate_gen_anonymous_decl(self, tp, name):
374        if isinstance(tp, model.EnumType):
375            self._generate_gen_enum_decl(tp, name, '')
376        else:
377            self._generate_struct_or_union_decl(tp, '', name)
378
379    def _loading_gen_anonymous(self, tp, name, module):
380        if isinstance(tp, model.EnumType):
381            self._loading_gen_enum(tp, name, module, '')
382        else:
383            self._loading_struct_or_union(tp, '', name, module)
384
385    def _loaded_gen_anonymous(self, tp, name, module, **kwds):
386        if isinstance(tp, model.EnumType):
387            self._loaded_gen_enum(tp, name, module, **kwds)
388        else:
389            self._loaded_struct_or_union(tp)
390
391    # ----------
392    # constants, likely declared with '#define'
393
394    def _generate_gen_const(self, is_int, name, tp=None, category='const',
395                            check_value=None):
396        prnt = self._prnt
397        funcname = '_cffi_%s_%s' % (category, name)
398        self.export_symbols.append(funcname)
399        if check_value is not None:
400            assert is_int
401            assert category == 'const'
402            prnt('int %s(char *out_error)' % funcname)
403            prnt('{')
404            self._check_int_constant_value(name, check_value)
405            prnt('  return 0;')
406            prnt('}')
407        elif is_int:
408            assert category == 'const'
409            prnt('int %s(long long *out_value)' % funcname)
410            prnt('{')
411            prnt('  *out_value = (long long)(%s);' % (name,))
412            prnt('  return (%s) <= 0;' % (name,))
413            prnt('}')
414        else:
415            assert tp is not None
416            assert check_value is None
417            if category == 'var':
418                ampersand = '&'
419            else:
420                ampersand = ''
421            extra = ''
422            if category == 'const' and isinstance(tp, model.StructOrUnion):
423                extra = 'const *'
424                ampersand = '&'
425            prnt(tp.get_c_name(' %s%s(void)' % (extra, funcname), name))
426            prnt('{')
427            prnt('  return (%s%s);' % (ampersand, name))
428            prnt('}')
429        prnt()
430
431    def _generate_gen_constant_decl(self, tp, name):
432        is_int = isinstance(tp, model.PrimitiveType) and tp.is_integer_type()
433        self._generate_gen_const(is_int, name, tp)
434
435    _loading_gen_constant = _loaded_noop
436
437    def _load_constant(self, is_int, tp, name, module, check_value=None):
438        funcname = '_cffi_const_%s' % name
439        if check_value is not None:
440            assert is_int
441            self._load_known_int_constant(module, funcname)
442            value = check_value
443        elif is_int:
444            BType = self.ffi._typeof_locked("long long*")[0]
445            BFunc = self.ffi._typeof_locked("int(*)(long long*)")[0]
446            function = module.load_function(BFunc, funcname)
447            p = self.ffi.new(BType)
448            negative = function(p)
449            value = int(p[0])
450            if value < 0 and not negative:
451                BLongLong = self.ffi._typeof_locked("long long")[0]
452                value += (1 << (8*self.ffi.sizeof(BLongLong)))
453        else:
454            assert check_value is None
455            fntypeextra = '(*)(void)'
456            if isinstance(tp, model.StructOrUnion):
457                fntypeextra = '*' + fntypeextra
458            BFunc = self.ffi._typeof_locked(tp.get_c_name(fntypeextra, name))[0]
459            function = module.load_function(BFunc, funcname)
460            value = function()
461            if isinstance(tp, model.StructOrUnion):
462                value = value[0]
463        return value
464
465    def _loaded_gen_constant(self, tp, name, module, library):
466        is_int = isinstance(tp, model.PrimitiveType) and tp.is_integer_type()
467        value = self._load_constant(is_int, tp, name, module)
468        setattr(library, name, value)
469        type(library)._cffi_dir.append(name)
470
471    # ----------
472    # enums
473
474    def _check_int_constant_value(self, name, value):
475        prnt = self._prnt
476        if value <= 0:
477            prnt('  if ((%s) > 0 || (long)(%s) != %dL) {' % (
478                name, name, value))
479        else:
480            prnt('  if ((%s) <= 0 || (unsigned long)(%s) != %dUL) {' % (
481                name, name, value))
482        prnt('    char buf[64];')
483        prnt('    if ((%s) <= 0)' % name)
484        prnt('        sprintf(buf, "%%ld", (long)(%s));' % name)
485        prnt('    else')
486        prnt('        sprintf(buf, "%%lu", (unsigned long)(%s));' %
487             name)
488        prnt('    sprintf(out_error, "%s has the real value %s, not %s",')
489        prnt('            "%s", buf, "%d");' % (name[:100], value))
490        prnt('    return -1;')
491        prnt('  }')
492
493    def _load_known_int_constant(self, module, funcname):
494        BType = self.ffi._typeof_locked("char[]")[0]
495        BFunc = self.ffi._typeof_locked("int(*)(char*)")[0]
496        function = module.load_function(BFunc, funcname)
497        p = self.ffi.new(BType, 256)
498        if function(p) < 0:
499            error = self.ffi.string(p)
500            if sys.version_info >= (3,):
501                error = str(error, 'utf-8')
502            raise VerificationError(error)
503
504    def _enum_funcname(self, prefix, name):
505        # "$enum_$1" => "___D_enum____D_1"
506        name = name.replace('$', '___D_')
507        return '_cffi_e_%s_%s' % (prefix, name)
508
509    def _generate_gen_enum_decl(self, tp, name, prefix='enum'):
510        if tp.partial:
511            for enumerator in tp.enumerators:
512                self._generate_gen_const(True, enumerator)
513            return
514        #
515        funcname = self._enum_funcname(prefix, name)
516        self.export_symbols.append(funcname)
517        prnt = self._prnt
518        prnt('int %s(char *out_error)' % funcname)
519        prnt('{')
520        for enumerator, enumvalue in zip(tp.enumerators, tp.enumvalues):
521            self._check_int_constant_value(enumerator, enumvalue)
522        prnt('  return 0;')
523        prnt('}')
524        prnt()
525
526    def _loading_gen_enum(self, tp, name, module, prefix='enum'):
527        if tp.partial:
528            enumvalues = [self._load_constant(True, tp, enumerator, module)
529                          for enumerator in tp.enumerators]
530            tp.enumvalues = tuple(enumvalues)
531            tp.partial_resolved = True
532        else:
533            funcname = self._enum_funcname(prefix, name)
534            self._load_known_int_constant(module, funcname)
535
536    def _loaded_gen_enum(self, tp, name, module, library):
537        for enumerator, enumvalue in zip(tp.enumerators, tp.enumvalues):
538            setattr(library, enumerator, enumvalue)
539            type(library)._cffi_dir.append(enumerator)
540
541    # ----------
542    # macros: for now only for integers
543
544    def _generate_gen_macro_decl(self, tp, name):
545        if tp == '...':
546            check_value = None
547        else:
548            check_value = tp     # an integer
549        self._generate_gen_const(True, name, check_value=check_value)
550
551    _loading_gen_macro = _loaded_noop
552
553    def _loaded_gen_macro(self, tp, name, module, library):
554        if tp == '...':
555            check_value = None
556        else:
557            check_value = tp     # an integer
558        value = self._load_constant(True, tp, name, module,
559                                    check_value=check_value)
560        setattr(library, name, value)
561        type(library)._cffi_dir.append(name)
562
563    # ----------
564    # global variables
565
566    def _generate_gen_variable_decl(self, tp, name):
567        if isinstance(tp, model.ArrayType):
568            if tp.length == '...':
569                prnt = self._prnt
570                funcname = '_cffi_sizeof_%s' % (name,)
571                self.export_symbols.append(funcname)
572                prnt("size_t %s(void)" % funcname)
573                prnt("{")
574                prnt("  return sizeof(%s);" % (name,))
575                prnt("}")
576            tp_ptr = model.PointerType(tp.item)
577            self._generate_gen_const(False, name, tp_ptr)
578        else:
579            tp_ptr = model.PointerType(tp)
580            self._generate_gen_const(False, name, tp_ptr, category='var')
581
582    _loading_gen_variable = _loaded_noop
583
584    def _loaded_gen_variable(self, tp, name, module, library):
585        if isinstance(tp, model.ArrayType):   # int a[5] is "constant" in the
586                                              # sense that "a=..." is forbidden
587            if tp.length == '...':
588                funcname = '_cffi_sizeof_%s' % (name,)
589                BFunc = self.ffi._typeof_locked('size_t(*)(void)')[0]
590                function = module.load_function(BFunc, funcname)
591                size = function()
592                BItemType = self.ffi._get_cached_btype(tp.item)
593                length, rest = divmod(size, self.ffi.sizeof(BItemType))
594                if rest != 0:
595                    raise VerificationError(
596                        "bad size: %r does not seem to be an array of %s" %
597                        (name, tp.item))
598                tp = tp.resolve_length(length)
599            tp_ptr = model.PointerType(tp.item)
600            value = self._load_constant(False, tp_ptr, name, module)
601            # 'value' is a <cdata 'type *'> which we have to replace with
602            # a <cdata 'type[N]'> if the N is actually known
603            if tp.length is not None:
604                BArray = self.ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
605                value = self.ffi.cast(BArray, value)
606            setattr(library, name, value)
607            type(library)._cffi_dir.append(name)
608            return
609        # remove ptr=<cdata 'int *'> from the library instance, and replace
610        # it by a property on the class, which reads/writes into ptr[0].
611        funcname = '_cffi_var_%s' % name
612        BFunc = self.ffi._typeof_locked(tp.get_c_name('*(*)(void)', name))[0]
613        function = module.load_function(BFunc, funcname)
614        ptr = function()
615        def getter(library):
616            return ptr[0]
617        def setter(library, value):
618            ptr[0] = value
619        setattr(type(library), name, property(getter, setter))
620        type(library)._cffi_dir.append(name)
621
622cffimod_header = r'''
623#include <stdio.h>
624#include <stddef.h>
625#include <stdarg.h>
626#include <errno.h>
627#include <sys/types.h>   /* XXX for ssize_t on some platforms */
628
629/* this block of #ifs should be kept exactly identical between
630   c/_cffi_backend.c, cffi/vengine_cpy.py, cffi/vengine_gen.py
631   and cffi/_cffi_include.h */
632#if defined(_MSC_VER)
633# include <malloc.h>   /* for alloca() */
634# if _MSC_VER < 1600   /* MSVC < 2010 */
635   typedef __int8 int8_t;
636   typedef __int16 int16_t;
637   typedef __int32 int32_t;
638   typedef __int64 int64_t;
639   typedef unsigned __int8 uint8_t;
640   typedef unsigned __int16 uint16_t;
641   typedef unsigned __int32 uint32_t;
642   typedef unsigned __int64 uint64_t;
643   typedef __int8 int_least8_t;
644   typedef __int16 int_least16_t;
645   typedef __int32 int_least32_t;
646   typedef __int64 int_least64_t;
647   typedef unsigned __int8 uint_least8_t;
648   typedef unsigned __int16 uint_least16_t;
649   typedef unsigned __int32 uint_least32_t;
650   typedef unsigned __int64 uint_least64_t;
651   typedef __int8 int_fast8_t;
652   typedef __int16 int_fast16_t;
653   typedef __int32 int_fast32_t;
654   typedef __int64 int_fast64_t;
655   typedef unsigned __int8 uint_fast8_t;
656   typedef unsigned __int16 uint_fast16_t;
657   typedef unsigned __int32 uint_fast32_t;
658   typedef unsigned __int64 uint_fast64_t;
659   typedef __int64 intmax_t;
660   typedef unsigned __int64 uintmax_t;
661# else
662#  include <stdint.h>
663# endif
664# if _MSC_VER < 1800   /* MSVC < 2013 */
665#  ifndef __cplusplus
666    typedef unsigned char _Bool;
667#  endif
668# endif
669#else
670# include <stdint.h>
671# if (defined (__SVR4) && defined (__sun)) || defined(_AIX) || defined(__hpux)
672#  include <alloca.h>
673# endif
674#endif
675'''
676