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25 
26 /*
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28  * License version 2 only, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
29  * However, the following notice accompanied the original version of this
30  * file:
31  *
32  * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, Stephen Colebourne & Michael Nascimento Santos
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62 package java.time;
63 
64 import static java.time.LocalTime.MINUTES_PER_HOUR;
65 import static java.time.LocalTime.SECONDS_PER_HOUR;
66 import static java.time.LocalTime.SECONDS_PER_MINUTE;
67 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.OFFSET_SECONDS;
68 
69 import java.io.DataInput;
70 import java.io.DataOutput;
71 import java.io.IOException;
72 import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
73 import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
74 import java.io.Serializable;
75 import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
76 import java.time.temporal.Temporal;
77 import java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor;
78 import java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjuster;
79 import java.time.temporal.TemporalField;
80 import java.time.temporal.TemporalQueries;
81 import java.time.temporal.TemporalQuery;
82 import java.time.temporal.UnsupportedTemporalTypeException;
83 import java.time.temporal.ValueRange;
84 import java.time.zone.ZoneRules;
85 import java.util.Objects;
86 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
87 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
88 
89 // Android-changed: removed ValueBased paragraph.
90 /**
91  * A time-zone offset from Greenwich/UTC, such as {@code +02:00}.
92  * <p>
93  * A time-zone offset is the amount of time that a time-zone differs from Greenwich/UTC.
94  * This is usually a fixed number of hours and minutes.
95  * <p>
96  * Different parts of the world have different time-zone offsets.
97  * The rules for how offsets vary by place and time of year are captured in the
98  * {@link ZoneId} class.
99  * <p>
100  * For example, Paris is one hour ahead of Greenwich/UTC in winter and two hours
101  * ahead in summer. The {@code ZoneId} instance for Paris will reference two
102  * {@code ZoneOffset} instances - a {@code +01:00} instance for winter,
103  * and a {@code +02:00} instance for summer.
104  * <p>
105  * In 2008, time-zone offsets around the world extended from -12:00 to +14:00.
106  * To prevent any problems with that range being extended, yet still provide
107  * validation, the range of offsets is restricted to -18:00 to 18:00 inclusive.
108  * <p>
109  * This class is designed for use with the ISO calendar system.
110  * The fields of hours, minutes and seconds make assumptions that are valid for the
111  * standard ISO definitions of those fields. This class may be used with other
112  * calendar systems providing the definition of the time fields matches those
113  * of the ISO calendar system.
114  * <p>
115  * Instances of {@code ZoneOffset} must be compared using {@link #equals}.
116  * Implementations may choose to cache certain common offsets, however
117  * applications must not rely on such caching.
118  *
119  * @implSpec
120  * This class is immutable and thread-safe.
121  *
122  * @since 1.8
123  */
124 public final class ZoneOffset
125         extends ZoneId
126         implements TemporalAccessor, TemporalAdjuster, Comparable<ZoneOffset>, Serializable {
127 
128     /** Cache of time-zone offset by offset in seconds. */
129     private static final ConcurrentMap<Integer, ZoneOffset> SECONDS_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16, 0.75f, 4);
130     /** Cache of time-zone offset by ID. */
131     private static final ConcurrentMap<String, ZoneOffset> ID_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16, 0.75f, 4);
132 
133     /**
134      * The abs maximum seconds.
135      */
136     private static final int MAX_SECONDS = 18 * SECONDS_PER_HOUR;
137     /**
138      * Serialization version.
139      */
140     @java.io.Serial
141     private static final long serialVersionUID = 2357656521762053153L;
142 
143     /**
144      * The time-zone offset for UTC, with an ID of 'Z'.
145      */
146     public static final ZoneOffset UTC = ZoneOffset.ofTotalSeconds(0);
147     /**
148      * Constant for the minimum supported offset.
149      */
150     public static final ZoneOffset MIN = ZoneOffset.ofTotalSeconds(-MAX_SECONDS);
151     /**
152      * Constant for the maximum supported offset.
153      */
154     public static final ZoneOffset MAX = ZoneOffset.ofTotalSeconds(MAX_SECONDS);
155 
156     /**
157      * The total offset in seconds.
158      */
159     private final int totalSeconds;
160     /**
161      * The string form of the time-zone offset.
162      */
163     private final transient String id;
164 
165     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
166     /**
167      * Obtains an instance of {@code ZoneOffset} using the ID.
168      * <p>
169      * This method parses the string ID of a {@code ZoneOffset} to
170      * return an instance. The parsing accepts all the formats generated by
171      * {@link #getId()}, plus some additional formats:
172      * <ul>
173      * <li>{@code Z} - for UTC
174      * <li>{@code +h}
175      * <li>{@code +hh}
176      * <li>{@code +hh:mm}
177      * <li>{@code -hh:mm}
178      * <li>{@code +hhmm}
179      * <li>{@code -hhmm}
180      * <li>{@code +hh:mm:ss}
181      * <li>{@code -hh:mm:ss}
182      * <li>{@code +hhmmss}
183      * <li>{@code -hhmmss}
184      * </ul>
185      * Note that &plusmn; means either the plus or minus symbol.
186      * <p>
187      * The ID of the returned offset will be normalized to one of the formats
188      * described by {@link #getId()}.
189      * <p>
190      * The maximum supported range is from +18:00 to -18:00 inclusive.
191      *
192      * @param offsetId  the offset ID, not null
193      * @return the zone-offset, not null
194      * @throws DateTimeException if the offset ID is invalid
195      */
196     @SuppressWarnings("fallthrough")
of(String offsetId)197     public static ZoneOffset of(String offsetId) {
198         Objects.requireNonNull(offsetId, "offsetId");
199         // "Z" is always in the cache
200         ZoneOffset offset = ID_CACHE.get(offsetId);
201         if (offset != null) {
202             return offset;
203         }
204 
205         // parse - +h, +hh, +hhmm, +hh:mm, +hhmmss, +hh:mm:ss
206         final int hours, minutes, seconds;
207         switch (offsetId.length()) {
208             case 2:
209                 offsetId = offsetId.charAt(0) + "0" + offsetId.charAt(1);  // fallthru
210             case 3:
211                 hours = parseNumber(offsetId, 1, false);
212                 minutes = 0;
213                 seconds = 0;
214                 break;
215             case 5:
216                 hours = parseNumber(offsetId, 1, false);
217                 minutes = parseNumber(offsetId, 3, false);
218                 seconds = 0;
219                 break;
220             case 6:
221                 hours = parseNumber(offsetId, 1, false);
222                 minutes = parseNumber(offsetId, 4, true);
223                 seconds = 0;
224                 break;
225             case 7:
226                 hours = parseNumber(offsetId, 1, false);
227                 minutes = parseNumber(offsetId, 3, false);
228                 seconds = parseNumber(offsetId, 5, false);
229                 break;
230             case 9:
231                 hours = parseNumber(offsetId, 1, false);
232                 minutes = parseNumber(offsetId, 4, true);
233                 seconds = parseNumber(offsetId, 7, true);
234                 break;
235             default:
236                 throw new DateTimeException("Invalid ID for ZoneOffset, invalid format: " + offsetId);
237         }
238         char first = offsetId.charAt(0);
239         if (first != '+' && first != '-') {
240             throw new DateTimeException("Invalid ID for ZoneOffset, plus/minus not found when expected: " + offsetId);
241         }
242         if (first == '-') {
243             return ofHoursMinutesSeconds(-hours, -minutes, -seconds);
244         } else {
245             return ofHoursMinutesSeconds(hours, minutes, seconds);
246         }
247     }
248 
249     /**
250      * Parse a two digit zero-prefixed number.
251      *
252      * @param offsetId  the offset ID, not null
253      * @param pos  the position to parse, valid
254      * @param precededByColon  should this number be prefixed by a precededByColon
255      * @return the parsed number, from 0 to 99
256      */
parseNumber(CharSequence offsetId, int pos, boolean precededByColon)257     private static int parseNumber(CharSequence offsetId, int pos, boolean precededByColon) {
258         if (precededByColon && offsetId.charAt(pos - 1) != ':') {
259             throw new DateTimeException("Invalid ID for ZoneOffset, colon not found when expected: " + offsetId);
260         }
261         char ch1 = offsetId.charAt(pos);
262         char ch2 = offsetId.charAt(pos + 1);
263         if (ch1 < '0' || ch1 > '9' || ch2 < '0' || ch2 > '9') {
264             throw new DateTimeException("Invalid ID for ZoneOffset, non numeric characters found: " + offsetId);
265         }
266         return (ch1 - 48) * 10 + (ch2 - 48);
267     }
268 
269     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
270     /**
271      * Obtains an instance of {@code ZoneOffset} using an offset in hours.
272      *
273      * @param hours  the time-zone offset in hours, from -18 to +18
274      * @return the zone-offset, not null
275      * @throws DateTimeException if the offset is not in the required range
276      */
ofHours(int hours)277     public static ZoneOffset ofHours(int hours) {
278         return ofHoursMinutesSeconds(hours, 0, 0);
279     }
280 
281     /**
282      * Obtains an instance of {@code ZoneOffset} using an offset in
283      * hours and minutes.
284      * <p>
285      * The sign of the hours and minutes components must match.
286      * Thus, if the hours is negative, the minutes must be negative or zero.
287      * If the hours is zero, the minutes may be positive, negative or zero.
288      *
289      * @param hours  the time-zone offset in hours, from -18 to +18
290      * @param minutes  the time-zone offset in minutes, from 0 to &plusmn;59, sign matches hours
291      * @return the zone-offset, not null
292      * @throws DateTimeException if the offset is not in the required range
293      */
ofHoursMinutes(int hours, int minutes)294     public static ZoneOffset ofHoursMinutes(int hours, int minutes) {
295         return ofHoursMinutesSeconds(hours, minutes, 0);
296     }
297 
298     /**
299      * Obtains an instance of {@code ZoneOffset} using an offset in
300      * hours, minutes and seconds.
301      * <p>
302      * The sign of the hours, minutes and seconds components must match.
303      * Thus, if the hours is negative, the minutes and seconds must be negative or zero.
304      *
305      * @param hours  the time-zone offset in hours, from -18 to +18
306      * @param minutes  the time-zone offset in minutes, from 0 to &plusmn;59, sign matches hours and seconds
307      * @param seconds  the time-zone offset in seconds, from 0 to &plusmn;59, sign matches hours and minutes
308      * @return the zone-offset, not null
309      * @throws DateTimeException if the offset is not in the required range
310      */
ofHoursMinutesSeconds(int hours, int minutes, int seconds)311     public static ZoneOffset ofHoursMinutesSeconds(int hours, int minutes, int seconds) {
312         validate(hours, minutes, seconds);
313         int totalSeconds = totalSeconds(hours, minutes, seconds);
314         return ofTotalSeconds(totalSeconds);
315     }
316 
317     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
318     /**
319      * Obtains an instance of {@code ZoneOffset} from a temporal object.
320      * <p>
321      * This obtains an offset based on the specified temporal.
322      * A {@code TemporalAccessor} represents an arbitrary set of date and time information,
323      * which this factory converts to an instance of {@code ZoneOffset}.
324      * <p>
325      * A {@code TemporalAccessor} represents some form of date and time information.
326      * This factory converts the arbitrary temporal object to an instance of {@code ZoneOffset}.
327      * <p>
328      * The conversion uses the {@link TemporalQueries#offset()} query, which relies
329      * on extracting the {@link ChronoField#OFFSET_SECONDS OFFSET_SECONDS} field.
330      * <p>
331      * This method matches the signature of the functional interface {@link TemporalQuery}
332      * allowing it to be used as a query via method reference, {@code ZoneOffset::from}.
333      *
334      * @param temporal  the temporal object to convert, not null
335      * @return the zone-offset, not null
336      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to convert to an {@code ZoneOffset}
337      */
from(TemporalAccessor temporal)338     public static ZoneOffset from(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
339         Objects.requireNonNull(temporal, "temporal");
340         ZoneOffset offset = temporal.query(TemporalQueries.offset());
341         if (offset == null) {
342             throw new DateTimeException("Unable to obtain ZoneOffset from TemporalAccessor: " +
343                     temporal + " of type " + temporal.getClass().getName());
344         }
345         return offset;
346     }
347 
348     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
349     /**
350      * Validates the offset fields.
351      *
352      * @param hours  the time-zone offset in hours, from -18 to +18
353      * @param minutes  the time-zone offset in minutes, from 0 to &plusmn;59
354      * @param seconds  the time-zone offset in seconds, from 0 to &plusmn;59
355      * @throws DateTimeException if the offset is not in the required range
356      */
validate(int hours, int minutes, int seconds)357     private static void validate(int hours, int minutes, int seconds) {
358         if (hours < -18 || hours > 18) {
359             throw new DateTimeException("Zone offset hours not in valid range: value " + hours +
360                     " is not in the range -18 to 18");
361         }
362         if (hours > 0) {
363             if (minutes < 0 || seconds < 0) {
364                 throw new DateTimeException("Zone offset minutes and seconds must be positive because hours is positive");
365             }
366         } else if (hours < 0) {
367             if (minutes > 0 || seconds > 0) {
368                 throw new DateTimeException("Zone offset minutes and seconds must be negative because hours is negative");
369             }
370         } else if ((minutes > 0 && seconds < 0) || (minutes < 0 && seconds > 0)) {
371             throw new DateTimeException("Zone offset minutes and seconds must have the same sign");
372         }
373         if (minutes < -59 || minutes > 59) {
374             throw new DateTimeException("Zone offset minutes not in valid range: value " +
375                     minutes + " is not in the range -59 to 59");
376         }
377         if (seconds < -59 || seconds > 59) {
378             throw new DateTimeException("Zone offset seconds not in valid range: value " +
379                     seconds + " is not in the range -59 to 59");
380         }
381         if (Math.abs(hours) == 18 && (minutes | seconds) != 0) {
382             throw new DateTimeException("Zone offset not in valid range: -18:00 to +18:00");
383         }
384     }
385 
386     /**
387      * Calculates the total offset in seconds.
388      *
389      * @param hours  the time-zone offset in hours, from -18 to +18
390      * @param minutes  the time-zone offset in minutes, from 0 to &plusmn;59, sign matches hours and seconds
391      * @param seconds  the time-zone offset in seconds, from 0 to &plusmn;59, sign matches hours and minutes
392      * @return the total in seconds
393      */
totalSeconds(int hours, int minutes, int seconds)394     private static int totalSeconds(int hours, int minutes, int seconds) {
395         return hours * SECONDS_PER_HOUR + minutes * SECONDS_PER_MINUTE + seconds;
396     }
397 
398     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
399     /**
400      * Obtains an instance of {@code ZoneOffset} specifying the total offset in seconds
401      * <p>
402      * The offset must be in the range {@code -18:00} to {@code +18:00}, which corresponds to -64800 to +64800.
403      *
404      * @param totalSeconds  the total time-zone offset in seconds, from -64800 to +64800
405      * @return the ZoneOffset, not null
406      * @throws DateTimeException if the offset is not in the required range
407      */
ofTotalSeconds(int totalSeconds)408     public static ZoneOffset ofTotalSeconds(int totalSeconds) {
409         if (totalSeconds < -MAX_SECONDS || totalSeconds > MAX_SECONDS) {
410             throw new DateTimeException("Zone offset not in valid range: -18:00 to +18:00");
411         }
412         if (totalSeconds % (15 * SECONDS_PER_MINUTE) == 0) {
413             Integer totalSecs = totalSeconds;
414             ZoneOffset result = SECONDS_CACHE.get(totalSecs);
415             if (result == null) {
416                 result = new ZoneOffset(totalSeconds);
417                 SECONDS_CACHE.putIfAbsent(totalSecs, result);
418                 result = SECONDS_CACHE.get(totalSecs);
419                 ID_CACHE.putIfAbsent(result.getId(), result);
420             }
421             return result;
422         } else {
423             return new ZoneOffset(totalSeconds);
424         }
425     }
426 
427     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
428     /**
429      * Constructor.
430      *
431      * @param totalSeconds  the total time-zone offset in seconds, from -64800 to +64800
432      */
ZoneOffset(int totalSeconds)433     private ZoneOffset(int totalSeconds) {
434         super();
435         this.totalSeconds = totalSeconds;
436         id = buildId(totalSeconds);
437     }
438 
buildId(int totalSeconds)439     private static String buildId(int totalSeconds) {
440         if (totalSeconds == 0) {
441             return "Z";
442         } else {
443             int absTotalSeconds = Math.abs(totalSeconds);
444             StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
445             int absHours = absTotalSeconds / SECONDS_PER_HOUR;
446             int absMinutes = (absTotalSeconds / SECONDS_PER_MINUTE) % MINUTES_PER_HOUR;
447             buf.append(totalSeconds < 0 ? "-" : "+")
448                 .append(absHours < 10 ? "0" : "").append(absHours)
449                 .append(absMinutes < 10 ? ":0" : ":").append(absMinutes);
450             int absSeconds = absTotalSeconds % SECONDS_PER_MINUTE;
451             if (absSeconds != 0) {
452                 buf.append(absSeconds < 10 ? ":0" : ":").append(absSeconds);
453             }
454             return buf.toString();
455         }
456     }
457 
458     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
459     /**
460      * Gets the total zone offset in seconds.
461      * <p>
462      * This is the primary way to access the offset amount.
463      * It returns the total of the hours, minutes and seconds fields as a
464      * single offset that can be added to a time.
465      *
466      * @return the total zone offset amount in seconds
467      */
468     public int getTotalSeconds() {
469         return totalSeconds;
470     }
471 
472     /**
473      * Gets the normalized zone offset ID.
474      * <p>
475      * The ID is minor variation to the standard ISO-8601 formatted string
476      * for the offset. There are three formats:
477      * <ul>
478      * <li>{@code Z} - for UTC (ISO-8601)
479      * <li>{@code +hh:mm} or {@code -hh:mm} - if the seconds are zero (ISO-8601)
480      * <li>{@code +hh:mm:ss} or {@code -hh:mm:ss} - if the seconds are non-zero (not ISO-8601)
481      * </ul>
482      *
483      * @return the zone offset ID, not null
484      */
485     @Override
486     public String getId() {
487         return id;
488     }
489 
490     /**
491      * Gets the associated time-zone rules.
492      * <p>
493      * The rules will always return this offset when queried.
494      * The implementation class is immutable, thread-safe and serializable.
495      *
496      * @return the rules, not null
497      */
498     @Override
499     public ZoneRules getRules() {
500         return ZoneRules.of(this);
501     }
502 
503     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
504     /**
505      * Checks if the specified field is supported.
506      * <p>
507      * This checks if this offset can be queried for the specified field.
508      * If false, then calling the {@link #range(TemporalField) range} and
509      * {@link #get(TemporalField) get} methods will throw an exception.
510      * <p>
511      * If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.
512      * The {@code OFFSET_SECONDS} field returns true.
513      * All other {@code ChronoField} instances will return false.
514      * <p>
515      * If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
516      * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.isSupportedBy(TemporalAccessor)}
517      * passing {@code this} as the argument.
518      * Whether the field is supported is determined by the field.
519      *
520      * @param field  the field to check, null returns false
521      * @return true if the field is supported on this offset, false if not
522      */
523     @Override
524     public boolean isSupported(TemporalField field) {
525         if (field instanceof ChronoField) {
526             return field == OFFSET_SECONDS;
527         }
528         return field != null && field.isSupportedBy(this);
529     }
530 
531     /**
532      * Gets the range of valid values for the specified field.
533      * <p>
534      * The range object expresses the minimum and maximum valid values for a field.
535      * This offset is used to enhance the accuracy of the returned range.
536      * If it is not possible to return the range, because the field is not supported
537      * or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
538      * <p>
539      * If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.
540      * The {@link #isSupported(TemporalField) supported fields} will return
541      * appropriate range instances.
542      * All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}.
543      * <p>
544      * If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
545      * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.rangeRefinedBy(TemporalAccessor)}
546      * passing {@code this} as the argument.
547      * Whether the range can be obtained is determined by the field.
548      *
549      * @param field  the field to query the range for, not null
550      * @return the range of valid values for the field, not null
551      * @throws DateTimeException if the range for the field cannot be obtained
552      * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the field is not supported
553      */
554     @Override  // override for Javadoc
555     public ValueRange range(TemporalField field) {
556         return TemporalAccessor.super.range(field);
557     }
558 
559     /**
560      * Gets the value of the specified field from this offset as an {@code int}.
561      * <p>
562      * This queries this offset for the value of the specified field.
563      * The returned value will always be within the valid range of values for the field.
564      * If it is not possible to return the value, because the field is not supported
565      * or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
566      * <p>
567      * If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.
568      * The {@code OFFSET_SECONDS} field returns the value of the offset.
569      * All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}.
570      * <p>
571      * If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
572      * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.getFrom(TemporalAccessor)}
573      * passing {@code this} as the argument. Whether the value can be obtained,
574      * and what the value represents, is determined by the field.
575      *
576      * @param field  the field to get, not null
577      * @return the value for the field
578      * @throws DateTimeException if a value for the field cannot be obtained or
579      *         the value is outside the range of valid values for the field
580      * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the field is not supported or
581      *         the range of values exceeds an {@code int}
582      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
583      */
584     @Override  // override for Javadoc and performance
585     public int get(TemporalField field) {
586         if (field == OFFSET_SECONDS) {
587             return totalSeconds;
588         } else if (field instanceof ChronoField) {
589             throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported field: " + field);
590         }
591         return range(field).checkValidIntValue(getLong(field), field);
592     }
593 
594     /**
595      * Gets the value of the specified field from this offset as a {@code long}.
596      * <p>
597      * This queries this offset for the value of the specified field.
598      * If it is not possible to return the value, because the field is not supported
599      * or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
600      * <p>
601      * If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.
602      * The {@code OFFSET_SECONDS} field returns the value of the offset.
603      * All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}.
604      * <p>
605      * If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
606      * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.getFrom(TemporalAccessor)}
607      * passing {@code this} as the argument. Whether the value can be obtained,
608      * and what the value represents, is determined by the field.
609      *
610      * @param field  the field to get, not null
611      * @return the value for the field
612      * @throws DateTimeException if a value for the field cannot be obtained
613      * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the field is not supported
614      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
615      */
616     @Override
617     public long getLong(TemporalField field) {
618         if (field == OFFSET_SECONDS) {
619             return totalSeconds;
620         } else if (field instanceof ChronoField) {
621             throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported field: " + field);
622         }
623         return field.getFrom(this);
624     }
625 
626     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
627     /**
628      * Queries this offset using the specified query.
629      * <p>
630      * This queries this offset using the specified query strategy object.
631      * The {@code TemporalQuery} object defines the logic to be used to
632      * obtain the result. Read the documentation of the query to understand
633      * what the result of this method will be.
634      * <p>
635      * The result of this method is obtained by invoking the
636      * {@link TemporalQuery#queryFrom(TemporalAccessor)} method on the
637      * specified query passing {@code this} as the argument.
638      *
639      * @param <R> the type of the result
640      * @param query  the query to invoke, not null
641      * @return the query result, null may be returned (defined by the query)
642      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to query (defined by the query)
643      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs (defined by the query)
644      */
645     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
646     @Override
647     public <R> R query(TemporalQuery<R> query) {
648         if (query == TemporalQueries.offset() || query == TemporalQueries.zone()) {
649             return (R) this;
650         }
651         return TemporalAccessor.super.query(query);
652     }
653 
654     /**
655      * Adjusts the specified temporal object to have the same offset as this object.
656      * <p>
657      * This returns a temporal object of the same observable type as the input
658      * with the offset changed to be the same as this.
659      * <p>
660      * The adjustment is equivalent to using {@link Temporal#with(TemporalField, long)}
661      * passing {@link ChronoField#OFFSET_SECONDS} as the field.
662      * <p>
663      * In most cases, it is clearer to reverse the calling pattern by using
664      * {@link Temporal#with(TemporalAdjuster)}:
665      * <pre>
666      *   // these two lines are equivalent, but the second approach is recommended
667      *   temporal = thisOffset.adjustInto(temporal);
668      *   temporal = temporal.with(thisOffset);
669      * </pre>
670      * <p>
671      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
672      *
673      * @param temporal  the target object to be adjusted, not null
674      * @return the adjusted object, not null
675      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to make the adjustment
676      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
677      */
678     @Override
679     public Temporal adjustInto(Temporal temporal) {
680         return temporal.with(OFFSET_SECONDS, totalSeconds);
681     }
682 
683     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
684     /**
685      * Compares this offset to another offset in descending order.
686      * <p>
687      * The offsets are compared in the order that they occur for the same time
688      * of day around the world. Thus, an offset of {@code +10:00} comes before an
689      * offset of {@code +09:00} and so on down to {@code -18:00}.
690      * <p>
691      * The comparison is "consistent with equals", as defined by {@link Comparable}.
692      *
693      * @param other  the other date to compare to, not null
694      * @return the comparator value, negative if less, positive if greater
695      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code other} is null
696      */
697     @Override
698     public int compareTo(ZoneOffset other) {
699         // abs(totalSeconds) <= MAX_SECONDS, so no overflow can happen here
700         return other.totalSeconds - totalSeconds;
701     }
702 
703     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
704     /**
705      * Checks if this offset is equal to another offset.
706      * <p>
707      * The comparison is based on the amount of the offset in seconds.
708      * This is equivalent to a comparison by ID.
709      *
710      * @param obj  the object to check, null returns false
711      * @return true if this is equal to the other offset
712      */
713     @Override
714     public boolean equals(Object obj) {
715         if (this == obj) {
716            return true;
717         }
718         if (obj instanceof ZoneOffset) {
719             return totalSeconds == ((ZoneOffset) obj).totalSeconds;
720         }
721         return false;
722     }
723 
724     /**
725      * A hash code for this offset.
726      *
727      * @return a suitable hash code
728      */
729     @Override
730     public int hashCode() {
731         return totalSeconds;
732     }
733 
734     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
735     /**
736      * Outputs this offset as a {@code String}, using the normalized ID.
737      *
738      * @return a string representation of this offset, not null
739      */
740     @Override
741     public String toString() {
742         return id;
743     }
744 
745     // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
746     /**
747      * Writes the object using a
748      * <a href="{@docRoot}/serialized-form.html#java.time.Ser">dedicated serialized form</a>.
749      * @serialData
750      * <pre>
751      *  out.writeByte(8);                  // identifies a ZoneOffset
752      *  int offsetByte = totalSeconds % 900 == 0 ? totalSeconds / 900 : 127;
753      *  out.writeByte(offsetByte);
754      *  if (offsetByte == 127) {
755      *      out.writeInt(totalSeconds);
756      *  }
757      * </pre>
758      *
759      * @return the instance of {@code Ser}, not null
760      */
761     @java.io.Serial
762     private Object writeReplace() {
763         return new Ser(Ser.ZONE_OFFSET_TYPE, this);
764     }
765 
766     /**
767      * Defend against malicious streams.
768      *
769      * @param s the stream to read
770      * @throws InvalidObjectException always
771      */
772     @java.io.Serial
773     private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s) throws InvalidObjectException {
774         throw new InvalidObjectException("Deserialization via serialization delegate");
775     }
776 
777     @Override
778     void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
779         out.writeByte(Ser.ZONE_OFFSET_TYPE);
780         writeExternal(out);
781     }
782 
783     void writeExternal(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
784         final int offsetSecs = totalSeconds;
785         int offsetByte = offsetSecs % 900 == 0 ? offsetSecs / 900 : 127;  // compress to -72 to +72
786         out.writeByte(offsetByte);
787         if (offsetByte == 127) {
788             out.writeInt(offsetSecs);
789         }
790     }
791 
792     static ZoneOffset readExternal(DataInput in) throws IOException {
793         int offsetByte = in.readByte();
794         return (offsetByte == 127 ? ZoneOffset.ofTotalSeconds(in.readInt()) : ZoneOffset.ofTotalSeconds(offsetByte * 900));
795     }
796 
797 }
798