1 /*
2 * WPA Supplicant - Mesh RSN routines
3 * Copyright (c) 2013-2014, cozybit, Inc. All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * This software may be distributed under the terms of the BSD license.
6 * See README for more details.
7 */
8
9 #include "utils/includes.h"
10
11 #include "utils/common.h"
12 #include "utils/eloop.h"
13 #include "crypto/sha256.h"
14 #include "crypto/random.h"
15 #include "crypto/aes.h"
16 #include "crypto/aes_siv.h"
17 #include "rsn_supp/wpa.h"
18 #include "ap/hostapd.h"
19 #include "ap/wpa_auth.h"
20 #include "ap/sta_info.h"
21 #include "ap/ieee802_11.h"
22 #include "wpa_supplicant_i.h"
23 #include "driver_i.h"
24 #include "wpas_glue.h"
25 #include "mesh_mpm.h"
26 #include "mesh_rsn.h"
27
28 #define MESH_AUTH_TIMEOUT 10
29 #define MESH_AUTH_RETRY 3
30 #define MESH_AUTH_BLOCK_DURATION 3600
31
mesh_auth_timer(void * eloop_ctx,void * user_data)32 void mesh_auth_timer(void *eloop_ctx, void *user_data)
33 {
34 struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s = eloop_ctx;
35 struct sta_info *sta = user_data;
36
37 if (sta->sae->state != SAE_ACCEPTED) {
38 wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "AUTH: Re-authenticate with " MACSTR
39 " (attempt %d) ",
40 MAC2STR(sta->addr), sta->sae_auth_retry);
41 wpa_msg(wpa_s, MSG_INFO, MESH_SAE_AUTH_FAILURE "addr=" MACSTR,
42 MAC2STR(sta->addr));
43 if (sta->sae_auth_retry < MESH_AUTH_RETRY) {
44 mesh_rsn_auth_sae_sta(wpa_s, sta);
45 } else {
46 if (sta->sae_auth_retry > MESH_AUTH_RETRY) {
47 ap_free_sta(wpa_s->ifmsh->bss[0], sta);
48 return;
49 }
50
51 /* block the STA if exceeded the number of attempts */
52 wpa_mesh_set_plink_state(wpa_s, sta, PLINK_BLOCKED);
53 sta->sae->state = SAE_NOTHING;
54 if (wpa_s->mesh_auth_block_duration <
55 MESH_AUTH_BLOCK_DURATION)
56 wpa_s->mesh_auth_block_duration += 60;
57 eloop_register_timeout(wpa_s->mesh_auth_block_duration,
58 0, mesh_auth_timer, wpa_s, sta);
59 wpa_msg(wpa_s, MSG_INFO, MESH_SAE_AUTH_BLOCKED "addr="
60 MACSTR " duration=%d",
61 MAC2STR(sta->addr),
62 wpa_s->mesh_auth_block_duration);
63 }
64 sta->sae_auth_retry++;
65 }
66 }
67
68
auth_logger(void * ctx,const u8 * addr,logger_level level,const char * txt)69 static void auth_logger(void *ctx, const u8 *addr, logger_level level,
70 const char *txt)
71 {
72 if (addr)
73 wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "AUTH: " MACSTR " - %s",
74 MAC2STR(addr), txt);
75 else
76 wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "AUTH: %s", txt);
77 }
78
79
auth_get_psk(void * ctx,const u8 * addr,const u8 * p2p_dev_addr,const u8 * prev_psk)80 static const u8 *auth_get_psk(void *ctx, const u8 *addr,
81 const u8 *p2p_dev_addr, const u8 *prev_psk)
82 {
83 struct mesh_rsn *mesh_rsn = ctx;
84 struct hostapd_data *hapd = mesh_rsn->wpa_s->ifmsh->bss[0];
85 struct sta_info *sta = ap_get_sta(hapd, addr);
86
87 wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "AUTH: %s (addr=" MACSTR " prev_psk=%p)",
88 __func__, MAC2STR(addr), prev_psk);
89
90 if (sta && sta->auth_alg == WLAN_AUTH_SAE) {
91 if (!sta->sae || prev_psk)
92 return NULL;
93 return sta->sae->pmk;
94 }
95
96 return NULL;
97 }
98
99
auth_set_key(void * ctx,int vlan_id,enum wpa_alg alg,const u8 * addr,int idx,u8 * key,size_t key_len)100 static int auth_set_key(void *ctx, int vlan_id, enum wpa_alg alg,
101 const u8 *addr, int idx, u8 *key, size_t key_len)
102 {
103 struct mesh_rsn *mesh_rsn = ctx;
104 u8 seq[6];
105
106 os_memset(seq, 0, sizeof(seq));
107
108 if (addr) {
109 wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "AUTH: %s(alg=%d addr=" MACSTR
110 " key_idx=%d)",
111 __func__, alg, MAC2STR(addr), idx);
112 } else {
113 wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "AUTH: %s(alg=%d key_idx=%d)",
114 __func__, alg, idx);
115 }
116 wpa_hexdump_key(MSG_DEBUG, "AUTH: set_key - key", key, key_len);
117
118 return wpa_drv_set_key(mesh_rsn->wpa_s, alg, addr, idx,
119 1, seq, 6, key, key_len);
120 }
121
122
auth_start_ampe(void * ctx,const u8 * addr)123 static int auth_start_ampe(void *ctx, const u8 *addr)
124 {
125 struct mesh_rsn *mesh_rsn = ctx;
126 struct hostapd_data *hapd;
127 struct sta_info *sta;
128
129 if (mesh_rsn->wpa_s->current_ssid->mode != WPAS_MODE_MESH)
130 return -1;
131
132 hapd = mesh_rsn->wpa_s->ifmsh->bss[0];
133 sta = ap_get_sta(hapd, addr);
134 if (sta)
135 eloop_cancel_timeout(mesh_auth_timer, mesh_rsn->wpa_s, sta);
136
137 mesh_mpm_auth_peer(mesh_rsn->wpa_s, addr);
138 return 0;
139 }
140
141
__mesh_rsn_auth_init(struct mesh_rsn * rsn,const u8 * addr)142 static int __mesh_rsn_auth_init(struct mesh_rsn *rsn, const u8 *addr)
143 {
144 struct wpa_auth_config conf;
145 struct wpa_auth_callbacks cb;
146 u8 seq[6] = {};
147
148 wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "AUTH: Initializing group state machine");
149
150 os_memset(&conf, 0, sizeof(conf));
151 conf.wpa = 2;
152 conf.wpa_key_mgmt = WPA_KEY_MGMT_SAE;
153 conf.wpa_pairwise = WPA_CIPHER_CCMP;
154 conf.rsn_pairwise = WPA_CIPHER_CCMP;
155 conf.wpa_group = WPA_CIPHER_CCMP;
156 conf.eapol_version = 0;
157 conf.wpa_group_rekey = -1;
158
159 os_memset(&cb, 0, sizeof(cb));
160 cb.ctx = rsn;
161 cb.logger = auth_logger;
162 cb.get_psk = auth_get_psk;
163 cb.set_key = auth_set_key;
164 cb.start_ampe = auth_start_ampe;
165
166 rsn->auth = wpa_init(addr, &conf, &cb);
167 if (rsn->auth == NULL) {
168 wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "AUTH: wpa_init() failed");
169 return -1;
170 }
171
172 /* TODO: support rekeying */
173 if (random_get_bytes(rsn->mgtk, 16) < 0) {
174 wpa_deinit(rsn->auth);
175 return -1;
176 }
177
178 /* group mgmt */
179 wpa_drv_set_key(rsn->wpa_s, WPA_ALG_IGTK, NULL, 4, 1,
180 seq, sizeof(seq), rsn->mgtk, sizeof(rsn->mgtk));
181
182 /* group privacy / data frames */
183 wpa_drv_set_key(rsn->wpa_s, WPA_ALG_CCMP, NULL, 1, 1,
184 seq, sizeof(seq), rsn->mgtk, sizeof(rsn->mgtk));
185
186 return 0;
187 }
188
189
mesh_rsn_deinit(struct mesh_rsn * rsn)190 static void mesh_rsn_deinit(struct mesh_rsn *rsn)
191 {
192 os_memset(rsn->mgtk, 0, sizeof(rsn->mgtk));
193 wpa_deinit(rsn->auth);
194 }
195
196
mesh_rsn_auth_init(struct wpa_supplicant * wpa_s,struct mesh_conf * conf)197 struct mesh_rsn *mesh_rsn_auth_init(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s,
198 struct mesh_conf *conf)
199 {
200 struct mesh_rsn *mesh_rsn;
201 struct hostapd_data *bss = wpa_s->ifmsh->bss[0];
202 const u8 *ie;
203 size_t ie_len;
204
205 mesh_rsn = os_zalloc(sizeof(*mesh_rsn));
206 if (mesh_rsn == NULL)
207 return NULL;
208 mesh_rsn->wpa_s = wpa_s;
209
210 if (__mesh_rsn_auth_init(mesh_rsn, wpa_s->own_addr) < 0) {
211 mesh_rsn_deinit(mesh_rsn);
212 return NULL;
213 }
214
215 bss->wpa_auth = mesh_rsn->auth;
216
217 ie = wpa_auth_get_wpa_ie(mesh_rsn->auth, &ie_len);
218 conf->ies = (u8 *) ie;
219 conf->ie_len = ie_len;
220
221 wpa_supplicant_rsn_supp_set_config(wpa_s, wpa_s->current_ssid);
222
223 return mesh_rsn;
224 }
225
226
index_within_array(const int * array,int idx)227 static int index_within_array(const int *array, int idx)
228 {
229 int i;
230
231 for (i = 0; i < idx; i++) {
232 if (array[i] == -1)
233 return 0;
234 }
235
236 return 1;
237 }
238
239
mesh_rsn_sae_group(struct wpa_supplicant * wpa_s,struct sae_data * sae)240 static int mesh_rsn_sae_group(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s,
241 struct sae_data *sae)
242 {
243 int *groups = wpa_s->ifmsh->bss[0]->conf->sae_groups;
244
245 /* Configuration may have changed, so validate current index */
246 if (!index_within_array(groups, wpa_s->mesh_rsn->sae_group_index))
247 return -1;
248
249 for (;;) {
250 int group = groups[wpa_s->mesh_rsn->sae_group_index];
251
252 if (group <= 0)
253 break;
254 if (sae_set_group(sae, group) == 0) {
255 wpa_dbg(wpa_s, MSG_DEBUG, "SME: Selected SAE group %d",
256 sae->group);
257 return 0;
258 }
259 wpa_s->mesh_rsn->sae_group_index++;
260 }
261
262 return -1;
263 }
264
265
mesh_rsn_build_sae_commit(struct wpa_supplicant * wpa_s,struct wpa_ssid * ssid,struct sta_info * sta)266 static int mesh_rsn_build_sae_commit(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s,
267 struct wpa_ssid *ssid,
268 struct sta_info *sta)
269 {
270 if (ssid->passphrase == NULL) {
271 wpa_msg(wpa_s, MSG_DEBUG, "SAE: No password available");
272 return -1;
273 }
274
275 if (mesh_rsn_sae_group(wpa_s, sta->sae) < 0) {
276 wpa_msg(wpa_s, MSG_DEBUG, "SAE: Failed to select group");
277 return -1;
278 }
279
280 return sae_prepare_commit(wpa_s->own_addr, sta->addr,
281 (u8 *) ssid->passphrase,
282 os_strlen(ssid->passphrase), sta->sae);
283 }
284
285
286 /* initiate new SAE authentication with sta */
mesh_rsn_auth_sae_sta(struct wpa_supplicant * wpa_s,struct sta_info * sta)287 int mesh_rsn_auth_sae_sta(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s,
288 struct sta_info *sta)
289 {
290 struct hostapd_data *hapd = wpa_s->ifmsh->bss[0];
291 struct wpa_ssid *ssid = wpa_s->current_ssid;
292 unsigned int rnd;
293 int ret;
294
295 if (!ssid) {
296 wpa_msg(wpa_s, MSG_DEBUG,
297 "AUTH: No current_ssid known to initiate new SAE");
298 return -1;
299 }
300
301 if (!sta->sae) {
302 sta->sae = os_zalloc(sizeof(*sta->sae));
303 if (sta->sae == NULL)
304 return -1;
305 }
306
307 if (mesh_rsn_build_sae_commit(wpa_s, ssid, sta))
308 return -1;
309
310 wpa_msg(wpa_s, MSG_DEBUG,
311 "AUTH: started authentication with SAE peer: " MACSTR,
312 MAC2STR(sta->addr));
313
314 wpa_supplicant_set_state(wpa_s, WPA_AUTHENTICATING);
315 ret = auth_sae_init_committed(hapd, sta);
316 if (ret)
317 return ret;
318
319 eloop_cancel_timeout(mesh_auth_timer, wpa_s, sta);
320 rnd = rand() % MESH_AUTH_TIMEOUT;
321 eloop_register_timeout(MESH_AUTH_TIMEOUT + rnd, 0, mesh_auth_timer,
322 wpa_s, sta);
323 return 0;
324 }
325
326
mesh_rsn_get_pmkid(struct mesh_rsn * rsn,struct sta_info * sta,u8 * pmkid)327 void mesh_rsn_get_pmkid(struct mesh_rsn *rsn, struct sta_info *sta, u8 *pmkid)
328 {
329 /* don't expect wpa auth to cache the pmkid for now */
330 rsn_pmkid(sta->sae->pmk, PMK_LEN, rsn->wpa_s->own_addr,
331 sta->addr, pmkid,
332 wpa_key_mgmt_sha256(wpa_auth_sta_key_mgmt(sta->wpa_sm)));
333 }
334
335
336 static void
mesh_rsn_derive_aek(struct mesh_rsn * rsn,struct sta_info * sta)337 mesh_rsn_derive_aek(struct mesh_rsn *rsn, struct sta_info *sta)
338 {
339 u8 *myaddr = rsn->wpa_s->own_addr;
340 u8 *peer = sta->addr;
341 u8 *addr1 = peer, *addr2 = myaddr;
342 u8 context[AES_BLOCK_SIZE];
343
344 /* SAE */
345 RSN_SELECTOR_PUT(context, wpa_cipher_to_suite(0, WPA_CIPHER_GCMP));
346
347 if (os_memcmp(myaddr, peer, ETH_ALEN) < 0) {
348 addr1 = myaddr;
349 addr2 = peer;
350 }
351 os_memcpy(context + 4, addr1, ETH_ALEN);
352 os_memcpy(context + 10, addr2, ETH_ALEN);
353
354 sha256_prf(sta->sae->pmk, sizeof(sta->sae->pmk), "AEK Derivation",
355 context, sizeof(context), sta->aek, sizeof(sta->aek));
356 }
357
358
359 /* derive mesh temporal key from pmk */
mesh_rsn_derive_mtk(struct wpa_supplicant * wpa_s,struct sta_info * sta)360 int mesh_rsn_derive_mtk(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s, struct sta_info *sta)
361 {
362 u8 *ptr;
363 u8 *min, *max;
364 u16 min_lid, max_lid;
365 size_t nonce_len = sizeof(sta->my_nonce);
366 size_t lid_len = sizeof(sta->my_lid);
367 u8 *myaddr = wpa_s->own_addr;
368 u8 *peer = sta->addr;
369 /* 2 nonces, 2 linkids, akm suite, 2 mac addrs */
370 u8 context[64 + 4 + 4 + 12];
371
372 ptr = context;
373 if (os_memcmp(sta->my_nonce, sta->peer_nonce, nonce_len) < 0) {
374 min = sta->my_nonce;
375 max = sta->peer_nonce;
376 } else {
377 min = sta->peer_nonce;
378 max = sta->my_nonce;
379 }
380 os_memcpy(ptr, min, nonce_len);
381 os_memcpy(ptr + nonce_len, max, nonce_len);
382 ptr += 2 * nonce_len;
383
384 if (sta->my_lid < sta->peer_lid) {
385 min_lid = host_to_le16(sta->my_lid);
386 max_lid = host_to_le16(sta->peer_lid);
387 } else {
388 min_lid = host_to_le16(sta->peer_lid);
389 max_lid = host_to_le16(sta->my_lid);
390 }
391 os_memcpy(ptr, &min_lid, lid_len);
392 os_memcpy(ptr + lid_len, &max_lid, lid_len);
393 ptr += 2 * lid_len;
394
395 /* SAE */
396 RSN_SELECTOR_PUT(ptr, wpa_cipher_to_suite(0, WPA_CIPHER_GCMP));
397 ptr += 4;
398
399 if (os_memcmp(myaddr, peer, ETH_ALEN) < 0) {
400 min = myaddr;
401 max = peer;
402 } else {
403 min = peer;
404 max = myaddr;
405 }
406 os_memcpy(ptr, min, ETH_ALEN);
407 os_memcpy(ptr + ETH_ALEN, max, ETH_ALEN);
408
409 sha256_prf(sta->sae->pmk, sizeof(sta->sae->pmk),
410 "Temporal Key Derivation", context, sizeof(context),
411 sta->mtk, sizeof(sta->mtk));
412 return 0;
413 }
414
415
mesh_rsn_init_ampe_sta(struct wpa_supplicant * wpa_s,struct sta_info * sta)416 void mesh_rsn_init_ampe_sta(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s, struct sta_info *sta)
417 {
418 if (random_get_bytes(sta->my_nonce, 32) < 0) {
419 wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "mesh: Failed to derive random nonce");
420 /* TODO: How to handle this more cleanly? */
421 }
422 os_memset(sta->peer_nonce, 0, 32);
423 mesh_rsn_derive_aek(wpa_s->mesh_rsn, sta);
424 }
425
426
427 /* insert AMPE and encrypted MIC at @ie.
428 * @mesh_rsn: mesh RSN context
429 * @sta: STA we're sending to
430 * @cat: pointer to category code in frame header.
431 * @buf: wpabuf to add encrypted AMPE and MIC to.
432 * */
mesh_rsn_protect_frame(struct mesh_rsn * rsn,struct sta_info * sta,const u8 * cat,struct wpabuf * buf)433 int mesh_rsn_protect_frame(struct mesh_rsn *rsn, struct sta_info *sta,
434 const u8 *cat, struct wpabuf *buf)
435 {
436 struct ieee80211_ampe_ie *ampe;
437 u8 const *ie = wpabuf_head_u8(buf) + wpabuf_len(buf);
438 u8 *ampe_ie = NULL, *mic_ie = NULL, *mic_payload;
439 const u8 *aad[] = { rsn->wpa_s->own_addr, sta->addr, cat };
440 const size_t aad_len[] = { ETH_ALEN, ETH_ALEN, ie - cat };
441 int ret = 0;
442
443 if (AES_BLOCK_SIZE + 2 + sizeof(*ampe) + 2 > wpabuf_tailroom(buf)) {
444 wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "protect frame: buffer too small");
445 return -EINVAL;
446 }
447
448 ampe_ie = os_zalloc(2 + sizeof(*ampe));
449 if (!ampe_ie) {
450 wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "protect frame: out of memory");
451 return -ENOMEM;
452 }
453
454 mic_ie = os_zalloc(2 + AES_BLOCK_SIZE);
455 if (!mic_ie) {
456 wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "protect frame: out of memory");
457 ret = -ENOMEM;
458 goto free;
459 }
460
461 /* IE: AMPE */
462 ampe_ie[0] = WLAN_EID_AMPE;
463 ampe_ie[1] = sizeof(*ampe);
464 ampe = (struct ieee80211_ampe_ie *) (ampe_ie + 2);
465
466 RSN_SELECTOR_PUT(ampe->selected_pairwise_suite,
467 wpa_cipher_to_suite(WPA_PROTO_RSN, WPA_CIPHER_CCMP));
468 os_memcpy(ampe->local_nonce, sta->my_nonce, 32);
469 os_memcpy(ampe->peer_nonce, sta->peer_nonce, 32);
470 /* incomplete: see 13.5.4 */
471 /* TODO: static mgtk for now since we don't support rekeying! */
472 os_memcpy(ampe->mgtk, rsn->mgtk, 16);
473 /* TODO: Populate Key RSC */
474 /* expire in 13 decades or so */
475 os_memset(ampe->key_expiration, 0xff, 4);
476
477 /* IE: MIC */
478 mic_ie[0] = WLAN_EID_MIC;
479 mic_ie[1] = AES_BLOCK_SIZE;
480 wpabuf_put_data(buf, mic_ie, 2);
481 /* MIC field is output ciphertext */
482
483 /* encrypt after MIC */
484 mic_payload = (u8 *) wpabuf_put(buf, 2 + sizeof(*ampe) +
485 AES_BLOCK_SIZE);
486
487 if (aes_siv_encrypt(sta->aek, ampe_ie, 2 + sizeof(*ampe), 3,
488 aad, aad_len, mic_payload)) {
489 wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "protect frame: failed to encrypt");
490 ret = -ENOMEM;
491 goto free;
492 }
493
494 free:
495 os_free(ampe_ie);
496 os_free(mic_ie);
497
498 return ret;
499 }
500
501
mesh_rsn_process_ampe(struct wpa_supplicant * wpa_s,struct sta_info * sta,struct ieee802_11_elems * elems,const u8 * cat,const u8 * start,size_t elems_len)502 int mesh_rsn_process_ampe(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s, struct sta_info *sta,
503 struct ieee802_11_elems *elems, const u8 *cat,
504 const u8 *start, size_t elems_len)
505 {
506 int ret = 0;
507 struct ieee80211_ampe_ie *ampe;
508 u8 null_nonce[32] = {};
509 u8 ampe_eid;
510 u8 ampe_ie_len;
511 u8 *ampe_buf, *crypt = NULL;
512 size_t crypt_len;
513 const u8 *aad[] = { sta->addr, wpa_s->own_addr, cat };
514 const size_t aad_len[] = { ETH_ALEN, ETH_ALEN,
515 (elems->mic - 2) - cat };
516
517 if (!elems->mic || elems->mic_len < AES_BLOCK_SIZE) {
518 wpa_msg(wpa_s, MSG_DEBUG, "Mesh RSN: missing mic ie");
519 return -1;
520 }
521
522 ampe_buf = (u8 *) elems->mic + elems->mic_len;
523 if ((int) elems_len < ampe_buf - start)
524 return -1;
525
526 crypt_len = elems_len - (elems->mic - start);
527 if (crypt_len < 2) {
528 wpa_msg(wpa_s, MSG_DEBUG, "Mesh RSN: missing ampe ie");
529 return -1;
530 }
531
532 /* crypt is modified by siv_decrypt */
533 crypt = os_zalloc(crypt_len);
534 if (!crypt) {
535 wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Mesh RSN: out of memory");
536 ret = -ENOMEM;
537 goto free;
538 }
539
540 os_memcpy(crypt, elems->mic, crypt_len);
541
542 if (aes_siv_decrypt(sta->aek, crypt, crypt_len, 3,
543 aad, aad_len, ampe_buf)) {
544 wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Mesh RSN: frame verification failed!");
545 ret = -1;
546 goto free;
547 }
548
549 ampe_eid = *ampe_buf++;
550 ampe_ie_len = *ampe_buf++;
551
552 if (ampe_eid != WLAN_EID_AMPE ||
553 ampe_ie_len < sizeof(struct ieee80211_ampe_ie)) {
554 wpa_msg(wpa_s, MSG_DEBUG, "Mesh RSN: invalid ampe ie");
555 ret = -1;
556 goto free;
557 }
558
559 ampe = (struct ieee80211_ampe_ie *) ampe_buf;
560 if (os_memcmp(ampe->peer_nonce, null_nonce, 32) != 0 &&
561 os_memcmp(ampe->peer_nonce, sta->my_nonce, 32) != 0) {
562 wpa_msg(wpa_s, MSG_DEBUG, "Mesh RSN: invalid peer nonce");
563 ret = -1;
564 goto free;
565 }
566 os_memcpy(sta->peer_nonce, ampe->local_nonce,
567 sizeof(ampe->local_nonce));
568 os_memcpy(sta->mgtk, ampe->mgtk, sizeof(ampe->mgtk));
569
570 /* todo parse mgtk expiration */
571 free:
572 os_free(crypt);
573 return ret;
574 }
575