1 /* Copyright (c) 2014, Google Inc.
2  *
3  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
4  * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
5  * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
6  *
7  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
8  * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
9  * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY
10  * SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
11  * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
12  * OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN
13  * CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. */
14 
15 #ifndef OPENSSL_HEADER_BYTESTRING_H
16 #define OPENSSL_HEADER_BYTESTRING_H
17 
18 #include <openssl/base.h>
19 
20 #if defined(__cplusplus)
21 extern "C" {
22 #endif
23 
24 
25 /* Bytestrings are used for parsing and building TLS and ASN.1 messages.
26  *
27  * A "CBS" (CRYPTO ByteString) represents a string of bytes in memory and
28  * provides utility functions for safely parsing length-prefixed structures
29  * like TLS and ASN.1 from it.
30  *
31  * A "CBB" (CRYPTO ByteBuilder) is a memory buffer that grows as needed and
32  * provides utility functions for building length-prefixed messages. */
33 
34 
35 /* CRYPTO ByteString */
36 
37 struct cbs_st {
38   const uint8_t *data;
39   size_t len;
40 };
41 
42 /* CBS_init sets |cbs| to point to |data|. It does not take ownership of
43  * |data|. */
44 OPENSSL_EXPORT void CBS_init(CBS *cbs, const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
45 
46 /* CBS_skip advances |cbs| by |len| bytes. It returns one on success and zero
47  * otherwise. */
48 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBS_skip(CBS *cbs, size_t len);
49 
50 /* CBS_data returns a pointer to the contents of |cbs|. */
51 OPENSSL_EXPORT const uint8_t *CBS_data(const CBS *cbs);
52 
53 /* CBS_len returns the number of bytes remaining in |cbs|. */
54 OPENSSL_EXPORT size_t CBS_len(const CBS *cbs);
55 
56 /* CBS_stow copies the current contents of |cbs| into |*out_ptr| and
57  * |*out_len|. If |*out_ptr| is not NULL, the contents are freed with
58  * OPENSSL_free. It returns one on success and zero on allocation failure. On
59  * success, |*out_ptr| should be freed with OPENSSL_free. If |cbs| is empty,
60  * |*out_ptr| will be NULL. */
61 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBS_stow(const CBS *cbs, uint8_t **out_ptr, size_t *out_len);
62 
63 /* CBS_strdup copies the current contents of |cbs| into |*out_ptr| as a
64  * NUL-terminated C string. If |*out_ptr| is not NULL, the contents are freed
65  * with OPENSSL_free. It returns one on success and zero on allocation
66  * failure. On success, |*out_ptr| should be freed with OPENSSL_free.
67  *
68  * NOTE: If |cbs| contains NUL bytes, the string will be truncated. Call
69  * |CBS_contains_zero_byte(cbs)| to check for NUL bytes. */
70 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBS_strdup(const CBS *cbs, char **out_ptr);
71 
72 /* CBS_contains_zero_byte returns one if the current contents of |cbs| contains
73  * a NUL byte and zero otherwise. */
74 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBS_contains_zero_byte(const CBS *cbs);
75 
76 /* CBS_mem_equal compares the current contents of |cbs| with the |len| bytes
77  * starting at |data|. If they're equal, it returns one, otherwise zero. If the
78  * lengths match, it uses a constant-time comparison. */
79 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBS_mem_equal(const CBS *cbs, const uint8_t *data,
80                                  size_t len);
81 
82 /* CBS_get_u8 sets |*out| to the next uint8_t from |cbs| and advances |cbs|. It
83  * returns one on success and zero on error. */
84 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBS_get_u8(CBS *cbs, uint8_t *out);
85 
86 /* CBS_get_u16 sets |*out| to the next, big-endian uint16_t from |cbs| and
87  * advances |cbs|. It returns one on success and zero on error. */
88 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBS_get_u16(CBS *cbs, uint16_t *out);
89 
90 /* CBS_get_u24 sets |*out| to the next, big-endian 24-bit value from |cbs| and
91  * advances |cbs|. It returns one on success and zero on error. */
92 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBS_get_u24(CBS *cbs, uint32_t *out);
93 
94 /* CBS_get_u32 sets |*out| to the next, big-endian uint32_t value from |cbs|
95  * and advances |cbs|. It returns one on success and zero on error. */
96 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBS_get_u32(CBS *cbs, uint32_t *out);
97 
98 /* CBS_get_bytes sets |*out| to the next |len| bytes from |cbs| and advances
99  * |cbs|. It returns one on success and zero on error. */
100 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBS_get_bytes(CBS *cbs, CBS *out, size_t len);
101 
102 /* CBS_get_u8_length_prefixed sets |*out| to the contents of an 8-bit,
103  * length-prefixed value from |cbs| and advances |cbs| over it. It returns one
104  * on success and zero on error. */
105 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBS_get_u8_length_prefixed(CBS *cbs, CBS *out);
106 
107 /* CBS_get_u16_length_prefixed sets |*out| to the contents of a 16-bit,
108  * big-endian, length-prefixed value from |cbs| and advances |cbs| over it. It
109  * returns one on success and zero on error. */
110 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBS_get_u16_length_prefixed(CBS *cbs, CBS *out);
111 
112 /* CBS_get_u24_length_prefixed sets |*out| to the contents of a 24-bit,
113  * big-endian, length-prefixed value from |cbs| and advances |cbs| over it. It
114  * returns one on success and zero on error. */
115 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBS_get_u24_length_prefixed(CBS *cbs, CBS *out);
116 
117 
118 /* Parsing ASN.1 */
119 
120 #define CBS_ASN1_BOOLEAN 0x1
121 #define CBS_ASN1_INTEGER 0x2
122 #define CBS_ASN1_BITSTRING 0x3
123 #define CBS_ASN1_OCTETSTRING 0x4
124 #define CBS_ASN1_OBJECT 0x6
125 #define CBS_ASN1_ENUMERATED 0xa
126 #define CBS_ASN1_SEQUENCE (0x10 | CBS_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED)
127 #define CBS_ASN1_SET (0x11 | CBS_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED)
128 
129 #define CBS_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED 0x20
130 #define CBS_ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC 0x80
131 
132 /* CBS_get_asn1 sets |*out| to the contents of DER-encoded, ASN.1 element (not
133  * including tag and length bytes) and advances |cbs| over it. The ASN.1
134  * element must match |tag_value|. It returns one on success and zero
135  * on error.
136  *
137  * Tag numbers greater than 30 are not supported (i.e. short form only). */
138 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBS_get_asn1(CBS *cbs, CBS *out, unsigned tag_value);
139 
140 /* CBS_get_asn1_element acts like |CBS_get_asn1| but |out| will include the
141  * ASN.1 header bytes too. */
142 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBS_get_asn1_element(CBS *cbs, CBS *out, unsigned tag_value);
143 
144 /* CBS_peek_asn1_tag looks ahead at the next ASN.1 tag and returns one
145  * if the next ASN.1 element on |cbs| would have tag |tag_value|. If
146  * |cbs| is empty or the tag does not match, it returns zero. Note: if
147  * it returns one, CBS_get_asn1 may still fail if the rest of the
148  * element is malformed. */
149 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBS_peek_asn1_tag(const CBS *cbs, unsigned tag_value);
150 
151 /* CBS_get_any_asn1_element sets |*out| to contain the next ASN.1 element from
152  * |*cbs| (including header bytes) and advances |*cbs|. It sets |*out_tag| to
153  * the tag number and |*out_header_len| to the length of the ASN.1 header. Each
154  * of |out|, |out_tag|, and |out_header_len| may be NULL to ignore the value.
155  *
156  * Tag numbers greater than 30 are not supported (i.e. short form only). */
157 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBS_get_any_asn1_element(CBS *cbs, CBS *out,
158                                             unsigned *out_tag,
159                                             size_t *out_header_len);
160 
161 /* CBS_get_asn1_uint64 gets an ASN.1 INTEGER from |cbs| using |CBS_get_asn1|
162  * and sets |*out| to its value. It returns one on success and zero on error,
163  * where error includes the integer being negative, or too large to represent
164  * in 64 bits. */
165 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBS_get_asn1_uint64(CBS *cbs, uint64_t *out);
166 
167 /* CBS_get_optional_asn1 gets an optional explicitly-tagged element
168  * from |cbs| tagged with |tag| and sets |*out| to its contents. If
169  * present, it sets |*out_present| to one, otherwise zero. It returns
170  * one on success, whether or not the element was present, and zero on
171  * decode failure. */
172 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBS_get_optional_asn1(CBS *cbs, CBS *out, int *out_present,
173                                          unsigned tag);
174 
175 /* CBS_get_optional_asn1_octet_string gets an optional
176  * explicitly-tagged OCTET STRING from |cbs|. If present, it sets
177  * |*out| to the string and |*out_present| to one. Otherwise, it sets
178  * |*out| to empty and |*out_present| to zero. |out_present| may be
179  * NULL. It returns one on success, whether or not the element was
180  * present, and zero on decode failure. */
181 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBS_get_optional_asn1_octet_string(CBS *cbs, CBS *out,
182                                                       int *out_present,
183                                                       unsigned tag);
184 
185 /* CBS_get_optional_asn1_uint64 gets an optional explicitly-tagged
186  * INTEGER from |cbs|. If present, it sets |*out| to the
187  * value. Otherwise, it sets |*out| to |default_value|. It returns one
188  * on success, whether or not the element was present, and zero on
189  * decode failure. */
190 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBS_get_optional_asn1_uint64(CBS *cbs, uint64_t *out,
191                                                 unsigned tag,
192                                                 uint64_t default_value);
193 
194 /* CBS_get_optional_asn1_bool gets an optional, explicitly-tagged BOOLEAN from
195  * |cbs|. If present, it sets |*out| to either zero or one, based on the
196  * boolean. Otherwise, it sets |*out| to |default_value|. It returns one on
197  * success, whether or not the element was present, and zero on decode
198  * failure. */
199 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBS_get_optional_asn1_bool(CBS *cbs, int *out, unsigned tag,
200                                               int default_value);
201 
202 
203 /* CRYPTO ByteBuilder.
204  *
205  * |CBB| objects allow one to build length-prefixed serialisations. A |CBB|
206  * object is associated with a buffer and new buffers are created with
207  * |CBB_init|. Several |CBB| objects can point at the same buffer when a
208  * length-prefix is pending, however only a single |CBB| can be 'current' at
209  * any one time. For example, if one calls |CBB_add_u8_length_prefixed| then
210  * the new |CBB| points at the same buffer as the original. But if the original
211  * |CBB| is used then the length prefix is written out and the new |CBB| must
212  * not be used again.
213  *
214  * If one needs to force a length prefix to be written out because a |CBB| is
215  * going out of scope, use |CBB_flush|. */
216 
217 struct cbb_buffer_st {
218   uint8_t *buf;
219   size_t len;      /* The number of valid bytes. */
220   size_t cap;      /* The size of buf. */
221   char can_resize; /* One iff |buf| is owned by this object. If not then |buf|
222                       cannot be resized. */
223 };
224 
225 struct cbb_st {
226   struct cbb_buffer_st *base;
227   /* offset is the offset from the start of |base->buf| to the position of any
228    * pending length-prefix. */
229   size_t offset;
230   /* child points to a child CBB if a length-prefix is pending. */
231   struct cbb_st *child;
232   /* pending_len_len contains the number of bytes in a pending length-prefix,
233    * or zero if no length-prefix is pending. */
234   uint8_t pending_len_len;
235   char pending_is_asn1;
236   /* is_top_level is true iff this is a top-level |CBB| (as opposed to a child
237    * |CBB|). Top-level objects are valid arguments for |CBB_finish|. */
238   char is_top_level;
239 };
240 
241 /* CBB_init initialises |cbb| with |initial_capacity|. Since a |CBB| grows as
242  * needed, the |initial_capacity| is just a hint. It returns one on success or
243  * zero on error. */
244 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBB_init(CBB *cbb, size_t initial_capacity);
245 
246 /* CBB_init_fixed initialises |cbb| to write to |len| bytes at |buf|. Since
247  * |buf| cannot grow, trying to write more than |len| bytes will cause CBB
248  * functions to fail. It returns one on success or zero on error. */
249 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBB_init_fixed(CBB *cbb, uint8_t *buf, size_t len);
250 
251 /* CBB_cleanup frees all resources owned by |cbb| and other |CBB| objects
252  * writing to the same buffer. This should be used in an error case where a
253  * serialisation is abandoned. */
254 OPENSSL_EXPORT void CBB_cleanup(CBB *cbb);
255 
256 /* CBB_finish completes any pending length prefix and sets |*out_data| to a
257  * malloced buffer and |*out_len| to the length of that buffer. The caller
258  * takes ownership of the buffer and, unless the buffer was fixed with
259  * |CBB_init_fixed|, must call |OPENSSL_free| when done.
260  *
261  * It can only be called on a "top level" |CBB|, i.e. one initialised with
262  * |CBB_init| or |CBB_init_fixed|. It returns one on success and zero on
263  * error. */
264 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBB_finish(CBB *cbb, uint8_t **out_data, size_t *out_len);
265 
266 /* CBB_flush causes any pending length prefixes to be written out and any child
267  * |CBB| objects of |cbb| to be invalidated. It returns one on success or zero
268  * on error. */
269 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBB_flush(CBB *cbb);
270 
271 /* CBB_add_u8_length_prefixed sets |*out_contents| to a new child of |cbb|. The
272  * data written to |*out_contents| will be prefixed in |cbb| with an 8-bit
273  * length. It returns one on success or zero on error. */
274 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBB_add_u8_length_prefixed(CBB *cbb, CBB *out_contents);
275 
276 /* CBB_add_u16_length_prefixed sets |*out_contents| to a new child of |cbb|.
277  * The data written to |*out_contents| will be prefixed in |cbb| with a 16-bit,
278  * big-endian length. It returns one on success or zero on error. */
279 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBB_add_u16_length_prefixed(CBB *cbb, CBB *out_contents);
280 
281 /* CBB_add_u24_length_prefixed sets |*out_contents| to a new child of |cbb|.
282  * The data written to |*out_contents| will be prefixed in |cbb| with a 24-bit,
283  * big-endian length. It returns one on success or zero on error. */
284 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBB_add_u24_length_prefixed(CBB *cbb, CBB *out_contents);
285 
286 /* CBB_add_asn sets |*out_contents| to a |CBB| into which the contents of an
287  * ASN.1 object can be written. The |tag| argument will be used as the tag for
288  * the object. Passing in |tag| number 31 will return in an error since only
289  * single octet identifiers are supported. It returns one on success or zero
290  * on error. */
291 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBB_add_asn1(CBB *cbb, CBB *out_contents, uint8_t tag);
292 
293 /* CBB_add_bytes appends |len| bytes from |data| to |cbb|. It returns one on
294  * success and zero otherwise. */
295 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBB_add_bytes(CBB *cbb, const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
296 
297 /* CBB_add_space appends |len| bytes to |cbb| and sets |*out_data| to point to
298  * the beginning of that space. The caller must then write |len| bytes of
299  * actual contents to |*out_data|. It returns one on success and zero
300  * otherwise. */
301 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBB_add_space(CBB *cbb, uint8_t **out_data, size_t len);
302 
303 /* CBB_add_u8 appends an 8-bit number from |value| to |cbb|. It returns one on
304  * success and zero otherwise. */
305 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBB_add_u8(CBB *cbb, uint8_t value);
306 
307 /* CBB_add_u8 appends a 16-bit, big-endian number from |value| to |cbb|. It
308  * returns one on success and zero otherwise. */
309 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBB_add_u16(CBB *cbb, uint16_t value);
310 
311 /* CBB_add_u24 appends a 24-bit, big-endian number from |value| to |cbb|. It
312  * returns one on success and zero otherwise. */
313 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBB_add_u24(CBB *cbb, uint32_t value);
314 
315 /* CBB_add_asn1_uint64 writes an ASN.1 INTEGER into |cbb| using |CBB_add_asn1|
316  * and writes |value| in its contents. It returns one on success and zero on
317  * error. */
318 OPENSSL_EXPORT int CBB_add_asn1_uint64(CBB *cbb, uint64_t value);
319 
320 
321 #if defined(__cplusplus)
322 }  /* extern C */
323 #endif
324 
325 #endif  /* OPENSSL_HEADER_BYTESTRING_H */
326