page.title=Managing User Interaction
page.tags=tv, tif
helpoutsWidget=true

trainingnavtop=true

@jd:body

<div id="tb-wrapper">
<div id="tb">
  <h2>This lesson teaches you to</h2>
  <ol>
    <li><a href="#surface">Integrate Player with Surface</a></li>
    <li><a href="#overlay">Use an Overlay</a></li>
    <li><a href="#control">Control Content</a></li>
    <li><a href="#track">Handle Track Selection</a></li>
  </ol>
  <h2>Try It Out</h2>
  <ul>
    <li><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/googlesamples/androidtv-sample-inputs">
      TV Input Service sample app</a></li>
  </ul>
</div>
</div>

<p>In the live TV experience the user changes channels and is presented with
channel and program information briefly before the information disappears. Other types of information,
such as messages ("DO NOT ATTEMPT AT HOME"), subtitles, or ads may need to persist. As with any TV
app, such information should not interfere with the program content playing on the screen.</p>

<img src="{@docRoot}images/tv/do-not-attempt.png" id="figure1">
<p class="img-caption">
  <strong>Figure 1.</strong> An overlay message in a live TV app.
</p>

<p>Also consider whether certain program content should be presented, given the
content's rating and parental control settings, and how your app behaves and informs the user when
content is blocked or unavailable. This lesson describes how to develop your TV input's user
experience for these considerations.</p>

<h2 id="surface">Integrate Player with Surface</h2>

<p>Your TV input must render video onto a {@link android.view.Surface} object, which is passed by
the {@link android.media.tv.TvInputService.Session#onSetSurface(android.view.Surface) TvInputService.Session.onSetSurface()}
method. Here's an example of how to use a {@link android.media.MediaPlayer} instance for playing
content in the {@link android.view.Surface} object:</p>

<pre>
&#64;Override
public boolean onSetSurface(Surface surface) {
    if (mPlayer != null) {
        mPlayer.setSurface(surface);
    }
    mSurface = surface;
    return true;
}

&#64;Override
public void onSetStreamVolume(float volume) {
    if (mPlayer != null) {
        mPlayer.setVolume(volume, volume);
    }
    mVolume = volume;
}
</pre>

<p>Similarly, here's how to do it using <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/media/exoplayer.html">
ExoPlayer</a>:</p>

<pre>
&#64;Override
public boolean onSetSurface(Surface surface) {
    if (mPlayer != null) {
        mPlayer.sendMessage(mVideoRenderer,
                MediaCodecVideoTrackRenderer.MSG_SET_SURFACE,
                surface);
    }
    mSurface = surface;
    return true;
}

&#64;Override
public void onSetStreamVolume(float volume) {
    if (mPlayer != null) {
        mPlayer.sendMessage(mAudioRenderer,
                MediaCodecAudioTrackRenderer.MSG_SET_VOLUME,
                volume);
    }
    mVolume = volume;
}
</pre>

<h2 id="overlay">Use an Overlay</h2>

<p>Use an overlay to display subtitles, messages, ads or MHEG-5 data broadcasts. By default, the
overlay is disabled. You can enable it when you create the session by calling
{@link android.media.tv.TvInputService.Session#setOverlayViewEnabled(boolean) TvInputService.Session.setOverlayViewEnabled(true)},
as in the following example:</p>

<pre>
&#64;Override
public final Session onCreateSession(String inputId) {
    BaseTvInputSessionImpl session = onCreateSessionInternal(inputId);
    session.setOverlayViewEnabled(true);
    mSessions.add(session);
    return session;
}
</pre>

<p>Use a {@link android.view.View} object for the overlay, returned from {@link android.media.tv.TvInputService.Session#onCreateOverlayView() TvInputService.Session.onCreateOverlayView()}, as shown here:</p>

<pre>
&#64;Override
public View onCreateOverlayView() {
    LayoutInflater inflater = (LayoutInflater) getSystemService(LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
    View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.overlayview, null);
    mSubtitleView = (SubtitleView) view.findViewById(R.id.subtitles);

    // Configure the subtitle view.
    CaptionStyleCompat captionStyle;
    float captionTextSize = getCaptionFontSize();
    captionStyle = CaptionStyleCompat.createFromCaptionStyle(
            mCaptioningManager.getUserStyle());
    captionTextSize *= mCaptioningManager.getFontScale();
    mSubtitleView.setStyle(captionStyle);
    mSubtitleView.setTextSize(captionTextSize);
    return view;
}
</pre>

<p>The layout definition for the overlay might look something like this:</p>

<pre>
&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;FrameLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"&gt;

    &lt;com.google.android.exoplayer.text.SubtitleView
        android:id="@+id/subtitles"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="bottom|center_horizontal"
        android:layout_marginLeft="16dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="16dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="32dp"
        android:visibility="invisible"/&gt;
&lt;/FrameLayout&gt;
</pre>

<h2 id="control">Control Content</h2>

<p>When the user selects a channel, your TV input handles the {@link android.media.tv.TvInputService.Session#onTune(android.net.Uri)
onTune()} callback in the {@link android.media.tv.TvInputService.Session} object. The system TV
app's parental controls determine what content displays, given the content rating.
The following sections describe how to manage channel and program selection using the
{@link android.media.tv.TvInputService.Session} <code>notify</code> methods that
communicate with the system TV app.</p>

<h3 id="unavailable">Make Video Unavailable</h3>

<p>When the user changes the channel, you want to make sure the screen doesn't display any stray
video artifacts before your TV input renders the content. When you call {@link android.media.tv.TvInputService.Session#onTune(android.net.Uri) TvInputService.Session.onTune()},
you can prevent the video from being presented by calling {@link android.media.tv.TvInputService.Session#notifyVideoUnavailable(int) TvInputService.Session.notifyVideoUnavailable()}
and passing the {@link android.media.tv.TvInputManager#VIDEO_UNAVAILABLE_REASON_TUNING} constant, as
shown in the following example.</p>

<pre>
&#64;Override
public boolean onTune(Uri channelUri) {
    if (mSubtitleView != null) {
        mSubtitleView.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
    }
    notifyVideoUnavailable(TvInputManager.VIDEO_UNAVAILABLE_REASON_TUNING);
    mUnblockedRatingSet.clear();

    mDbHandler.removeCallbacks(mPlayCurrentProgramRunnable);
    mPlayCurrentProgramRunnable = new PlayCurrentProgramRunnable(channelUri);
    mDbHandler.post(mPlayCurrentProgramRunnable);
    return true;
}
</pre>

<p>Then, when the content is rendered to the {@link android.view.Surface}, you call
{@link android.media.tv.TvInputService.Session#notifyVideoAvailable() TvInputService.Session.notifyVideoAvailable()}
to allow the video to display, like so:</p>

<pre>
&#64;Override
public void onDrawnToSurface(Surface surface) {
    mFirstFrameDrawn = true;
    notifyVideoAvailable();
}
</pre>

<p>This transition lasts only for fractions of a second, but presenting a blank screen is
visually better than allowing the picture to flash odd blips and jitters.</p>

<p>See also, <a href="#surface">Integrate Player with Surface</a> for more information about working
with {@link android.view.Surface} to render video.</p>

<h3 id="parental">Provide Parental Control</h3>

<p>To determine if a given content is blocked by parental controls and content rating, you check the
{@link android.media.tv.TvInputManager} class methods, {@link android.media.tv.TvInputManager#isParentalControlsEnabled()}
and {@link android.media.tv.TvInputManager#isRatingBlocked(android.media.tv.TvContentRating)}. You
might also want to make sure the content's {@link android.media.tv.TvContentRating} is included in a
set of currently allowed content ratings. These considerations are shown in the following sample.</p>

<pre>
private void checkContentBlockNeeded() {
    if (mCurrentContentRating == null || !mTvInputManager.isParentalControlsEnabled()
            || !mTvInputManager.isRatingBlocked(mCurrentContentRating)
            || mUnblockedRatingSet.contains(mCurrentContentRating)) {
        // Content rating is changed so we don't need to block anymore.
        // Unblock content here explicitly to resume playback.
        unblockContent(null);
        return;
    }

    mLastBlockedRating = mCurrentContentRating;
    if (mPlayer != null) {
        // Children restricted content might be blocked by TV app as well,
        // but TIF should do its best not to show any single frame of blocked content.
        releasePlayer();
    }

    notifyContentBlocked(mCurrentContentRating);
}
</pre>

<p>Once you have determined if the content should or should not be blocked, notify the system TV
app by calling the
{@link android.media.tv.TvInputService.Session} method {@link android.media.tv.TvInputService.Session#notifyContentAllowed() notifyContentAllowed()}
or
{@link android.media.tv.TvInputService.Session#notifyContentBlocked(android.media.tv.TvContentRating) notifyContentBlocked()}
, as shown in the previous example.</p>

<p>Use the {@link android.media.tv.TvContentRating} class to generate the system-defined string for
the {@link android.media.tv.TvContract.Programs#COLUMN_CONTENT_RATING} with the
<code><a href="{@docRoot}reference/android/media/tv/TvContentRating.html#createRating(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.lang.String...)">TvContentRating.createRating()</a></code>
method, as shown here:</p>

<pre>
TvContentRating rating = TvContentRating.createRating(
    "com.android.tv",
    "US_TV",
    "US_TV_PG",
    "US_TV_D", "US_TV_L");
</pre>

<h2 id="track">Handle Track Selection</h2>

<p>The {@link android.media.tv.TvTrackInfo} class holds information about media tracks such
as the track type (video, audio, or subtitle) and so forth. </p>

<p>The first time your TV input session is able to get track information, it should call
<code><a href="{@docRoot}reference/android/media/tv/TvInputService.Session.html#notifyTracksChanged(java.util.List<android.media.tv.TvTrackInfo>)">TvInputService.Session.notifyTracksChanged()</a></code> with a list of all tracks to update the system TV app.  When there
is a change in track information, call
<code><a href="{@docRoot}reference/android/media/tv/TvInputService.Session.html#notifyTracksChanged(java.util.List<android.media.tv.TvTrackInfo>)">notifyTracksChanged()</a></code>
again to update the system.

</p>

<p>The system TV app provides an interface for the user to select a specific track if more than one
track is available for a given track type; for example, subtitles in different languages. Your TV
input responds to the
{@link android.media.tv.TvInputService.Session#onSelectTrack(int, java.lang.String) onSelectTrack()}
call from the system TV app by calling
{@link android.media.tv.TvInputService.Session#notifyTrackSelected(int, java.lang.String) notifyTrackSelected()}
, as shown in the following example. Note that when <code>null</code>
is passed as the track ID, this <em>deselects</em> the track.</p>

<pre>
&#64;Override
public boolean onSelectTrack(int type, String trackId) {
    if (mPlayer != null) {
        if (type == TvTrackInfo.TYPE_SUBTITLE) {
            if (!mCaptionEnabled && trackId != null) {
                return false;
            }
            mSelectedSubtitleTrackId = trackId;
            if (trackId == null) {
                mSubtitleView.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
            }
        }
        if (mPlayer.selectTrack(type, trackId)) {
            notifyTrackSelected(type, trackId);
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}
</pre>