1 //===-- PGOInstrumentation.cpp - MST-based PGO Instrumentation ------------===//
2 //
3 //                      The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
4 //
5 // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
6 // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
7 //
8 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
9 //
10 // This file implements PGO instrumentation using a minimum spanning tree based
11 // on the following paper:
12 //   [1] Donald E. Knuth, Francis R. Stevenson. Optimal measurement of points
13 //   for program frequency counts. BIT Numerical Mathematics 1973, Volume 13,
14 //   Issue 3, pp 313-322
15 // The idea of the algorithm based on the fact that for each node (except for
16 // the entry and exit), the sum of incoming edge counts equals the sum of
17 // outgoing edge counts. The count of edge on spanning tree can be derived from
18 // those edges not on the spanning tree. Knuth proves this method instruments
19 // the minimum number of edges.
20 //
21 // The minimal spanning tree here is actually a maximum weight tree -- on-tree
22 // edges have higher frequencies (more likely to execute). The idea is to
23 // instrument those less frequently executed edges to reduce the runtime
24 // overhead of instrumented binaries.
25 //
26 // This file contains two passes:
27 // (1) Pass PGOInstrumentationGen which instruments the IR to generate edge
28 // count profile, and
29 // (2) Pass PGOInstrumentationUse which reads the edge count profile and
30 // annotates the branch weights.
31 // To get the precise counter information, These two passes need to invoke at
32 // the same compilation point (so they see the same IR). For pass
33 // PGOInstrumentationGen, the real work is done in instrumentOneFunc(). For
34 // pass PGOInstrumentationUse, the real work in done in class PGOUseFunc and
35 // the profile is opened in module level and passed to each PGOUseFunc instance.
36 // The shared code for PGOInstrumentationGen and PGOInstrumentationUse is put
37 // in class FuncPGOInstrumentation.
38 //
39 // Class PGOEdge represents a CFG edge and some auxiliary information. Class
40 // BBInfo contains auxiliary information for each BB. These two classes are used
41 // in pass PGOInstrumentationGen. Class PGOUseEdge and UseBBInfo are the derived
42 // class of PGOEdge and BBInfo, respectively. They contains extra data structure
43 // used in populating profile counters.
44 // The MST implementation is in Class CFGMST (CFGMST.h).
45 //
46 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
47 
48 #include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation.h"
49 #include "CFGMST.h"
50 #include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
51 #include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
52 #include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
53 #include "llvm/Analysis/BlockFrequencyInfo.h"
54 #include "llvm/Analysis/BranchProbabilityInfo.h"
55 #include "llvm/Analysis/CFG.h"
56 #include "llvm/IR/DiagnosticInfo.h"
57 #include "llvm/IR/IRBuilder.h"
58 #include "llvm/IR/InstIterator.h"
59 #include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"
60 #include "llvm/IR/IntrinsicInst.h"
61 #include "llvm/IR/MDBuilder.h"
62 #include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
63 #include "llvm/Pass.h"
64 #include "llvm/ProfileData/InstrProfReader.h"
65 #include "llvm/Support/BranchProbability.h"
66 #include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
67 #include "llvm/Support/JamCRC.h"
68 #include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/BasicBlockUtils.h"
69 #include <string>
70 #include <utility>
71 #include <vector>
72 
73 using namespace llvm;
74 
75 #define DEBUG_TYPE "pgo-instrumentation"
76 
77 STATISTIC(NumOfPGOInstrument, "Number of edges instrumented.");
78 STATISTIC(NumOfPGOEdge, "Number of edges.");
79 STATISTIC(NumOfPGOBB, "Number of basic-blocks.");
80 STATISTIC(NumOfPGOSplit, "Number of critical edge splits.");
81 STATISTIC(NumOfPGOFunc, "Number of functions having valid profile counts.");
82 STATISTIC(NumOfPGOMismatch, "Number of functions having mismatch profile.");
83 STATISTIC(NumOfPGOMissing, "Number of functions without profile.");
84 
85 // Command line option to specify the file to read profile from. This is
86 // mainly used for testing.
87 static cl::opt<std::string>
88     PGOTestProfileFile("pgo-test-profile-file", cl::init(""), cl::Hidden,
89                        cl::value_desc("filename"),
90                        cl::desc("Specify the path of profile data file. This is"
91                                 "mainly for test purpose."));
92 
93 namespace {
94 class PGOInstrumentationGen : public ModulePass {
95 public:
96   static char ID;
97 
PGOInstrumentationGen()98   PGOInstrumentationGen() : ModulePass(ID) {
99     initializePGOInstrumentationGenPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
100   }
101 
getPassName() const102   const char *getPassName() const override {
103     return "PGOInstrumentationGenPass";
104   }
105 
106 private:
107   bool runOnModule(Module &M) override;
108 
getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage & AU) const109   void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const override {
110     AU.addRequired<BlockFrequencyInfoWrapperPass>();
111   }
112 };
113 
114 class PGOInstrumentationUse : public ModulePass {
115 public:
116   static char ID;
117 
118   // Provide the profile filename as the parameter.
PGOInstrumentationUse(std::string Filename="")119   PGOInstrumentationUse(std::string Filename = "")
120       : ModulePass(ID), ProfileFileName(Filename) {
121     if (!PGOTestProfileFile.empty())
122       ProfileFileName = PGOTestProfileFile;
123     initializePGOInstrumentationUsePass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
124   }
125 
getPassName() const126   const char *getPassName() const override {
127     return "PGOInstrumentationUsePass";
128   }
129 
130 private:
131   std::string ProfileFileName;
132   std::unique_ptr<IndexedInstrProfReader> PGOReader;
133   bool runOnModule(Module &M) override;
134 
getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage & AU) const135   void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const override {
136     AU.addRequired<BlockFrequencyInfoWrapperPass>();
137   }
138 };
139 } // end anonymous namespace
140 
141 char PGOInstrumentationGen::ID = 0;
142 INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(PGOInstrumentationGen, "pgo-instr-gen",
143                       "PGO instrumentation.", false, false)
INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(BlockFrequencyInfoWrapperPass)144 INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(BlockFrequencyInfoWrapperPass)
145 INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(BranchProbabilityInfoWrapperPass)
146 INITIALIZE_PASS_END(PGOInstrumentationGen, "pgo-instr-gen",
147                     "PGO instrumentation.", false, false)
148 
149 ModulePass *llvm::createPGOInstrumentationGenPass() {
150   return new PGOInstrumentationGen();
151 }
152 
153 char PGOInstrumentationUse::ID = 0;
154 INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(PGOInstrumentationUse, "pgo-instr-use",
155                       "Read PGO instrumentation profile.", false, false)
INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(BlockFrequencyInfoWrapperPass)156 INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(BlockFrequencyInfoWrapperPass)
157 INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(BranchProbabilityInfoWrapperPass)
158 INITIALIZE_PASS_END(PGOInstrumentationUse, "pgo-instr-use",
159                     "Read PGO instrumentation profile.", false, false)
160 
161 ModulePass *llvm::createPGOInstrumentationUsePass(StringRef Filename) {
162   return new PGOInstrumentationUse(Filename.str());
163 }
164 
165 namespace {
166 /// \brief An MST based instrumentation for PGO
167 ///
168 /// Implements a Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) based instrumentation for PGO
169 /// in the function level.
170 struct PGOEdge {
171   // This class implements the CFG edges. Note the CFG can be a multi-graph.
172   // So there might be multiple edges with same SrcBB and DestBB.
173   const BasicBlock *SrcBB;
174   const BasicBlock *DestBB;
175   uint64_t Weight;
176   bool InMST;
177   bool Removed;
178   bool IsCritical;
PGOEdge__anon10d6878d0211::PGOEdge179   PGOEdge(const BasicBlock *Src, const BasicBlock *Dest, unsigned W = 1)
180       : SrcBB(Src), DestBB(Dest), Weight(W), InMST(false), Removed(false),
181         IsCritical(false) {}
182   // Return the information string of an edge.
infoString__anon10d6878d0211::PGOEdge183   const std::string infoString() const {
184     return (Twine(Removed ? "-" : " ") + (InMST ? " " : "*") +
185             (IsCritical ? "c" : " ") + "  W=" + Twine(Weight)).str();
186   }
187 };
188 
189 // This class stores the auxiliary information for each BB.
190 struct BBInfo {
191   BBInfo *Group;
192   uint32_t Index;
193   uint32_t Rank;
194 
BBInfo__anon10d6878d0211::BBInfo195   BBInfo(unsigned IX) : Group(this), Index(IX), Rank(0) {}
196 
197   // Return the information string of this object.
infoString__anon10d6878d0211::BBInfo198   const std::string infoString() const {
199     return (Twine("Index=") + Twine(Index)).str();
200   }
201 };
202 
203 // This class implements the CFG edges. Note the CFG can be a multi-graph.
204 template <class Edge, class BBInfo> class FuncPGOInstrumentation {
205 private:
206   Function &F;
207   void computeCFGHash();
208 
209 public:
210   std::string FuncName;
211   GlobalVariable *FuncNameVar;
212   // CFG hash value for this function.
213   uint64_t FunctionHash;
214 
215   // The Minimum Spanning Tree of function CFG.
216   CFGMST<Edge, BBInfo> MST;
217 
218   // Give an edge, find the BB that will be instrumented.
219   // Return nullptr if there is no BB to be instrumented.
220   BasicBlock *getInstrBB(Edge *E);
221 
222   // Return the auxiliary BB information.
getBBInfo(const BasicBlock * BB) const223   BBInfo &getBBInfo(const BasicBlock *BB) const { return MST.getBBInfo(BB); }
224 
225   // Dump edges and BB information.
dumpInfo(std::string Str="") const226   void dumpInfo(std::string Str = "") const {
227     MST.dumpEdges(dbgs(), Twine("Dump Function ") + FuncName + " Hash: " +
228                           Twine(FunctionHash) + "\t" + Str);
229   }
230 
FuncPGOInstrumentation(Function & Func,bool CreateGlobalVar=false,BranchProbabilityInfo * BPI=nullptr,BlockFrequencyInfo * BFI=nullptr)231   FuncPGOInstrumentation(Function &Func, bool CreateGlobalVar = false,
232                          BranchProbabilityInfo *BPI = nullptr,
233                          BlockFrequencyInfo *BFI = nullptr)
234       : F(Func), FunctionHash(0), MST(F, BPI, BFI) {
235     FuncName = getPGOFuncName(F);
236     computeCFGHash();
237     DEBUG(dumpInfo("after CFGMST"));
238 
239     NumOfPGOBB += MST.BBInfos.size();
240     for (auto &E : MST.AllEdges) {
241       if (E->Removed)
242         continue;
243       NumOfPGOEdge++;
244       if (!E->InMST)
245         NumOfPGOInstrument++;
246     }
247 
248     if (CreateGlobalVar)
249       FuncNameVar = createPGOFuncNameVar(F, FuncName);
250   };
251 };
252 
253 // Compute Hash value for the CFG: the lower 32 bits are CRC32 of the index
254 // value of each BB in the CFG. The higher 32 bits record the number of edges.
255 template <class Edge, class BBInfo>
computeCFGHash()256 void FuncPGOInstrumentation<Edge, BBInfo>::computeCFGHash() {
257   std::vector<char> Indexes;
258   JamCRC JC;
259   for (auto &BB : F) {
260     const TerminatorInst *TI = BB.getTerminator();
261     for (unsigned I = 0, E = TI->getNumSuccessors(); I != E; ++I) {
262       BasicBlock *Succ = TI->getSuccessor(I);
263       uint32_t Index = getBBInfo(Succ).Index;
264       for (int J = 0; J < 4; J++)
265         Indexes.push_back((char)(Index >> (J * 8)));
266     }
267   }
268   JC.update(Indexes);
269   FunctionHash = (uint64_t)MST.AllEdges.size() << 32 | JC.getCRC();
270 }
271 
272 // Given a CFG E to be instrumented, find which BB to place the instrumented
273 // code. The function will split the critical edge if necessary.
274 template <class Edge, class BBInfo>
getInstrBB(Edge * E)275 BasicBlock *FuncPGOInstrumentation<Edge, BBInfo>::getInstrBB(Edge *E) {
276   if (E->InMST || E->Removed)
277     return nullptr;
278 
279   BasicBlock *SrcBB = const_cast<BasicBlock *>(E->SrcBB);
280   BasicBlock *DestBB = const_cast<BasicBlock *>(E->DestBB);
281   // For a fake edge, instrument the real BB.
282   if (SrcBB == nullptr)
283     return DestBB;
284   if (DestBB == nullptr)
285     return SrcBB;
286 
287   // Instrument the SrcBB if it has a single successor,
288   // otherwise, the DestBB if this is not a critical edge.
289   TerminatorInst *TI = SrcBB->getTerminator();
290   if (TI->getNumSuccessors() <= 1)
291     return SrcBB;
292   if (!E->IsCritical)
293     return DestBB;
294 
295   // For a critical edge, we have to split. Instrument the newly
296   // created BB.
297   NumOfPGOSplit++;
298   DEBUG(dbgs() << "Split critical edge: " << getBBInfo(SrcBB).Index << " --> "
299                << getBBInfo(DestBB).Index << "\n");
300   unsigned SuccNum = GetSuccessorNumber(SrcBB, DestBB);
301   BasicBlock *InstrBB = SplitCriticalEdge(TI, SuccNum);
302   assert(InstrBB && "Critical edge is not split");
303 
304   E->Removed = true;
305   return InstrBB;
306 }
307 
308 // Visit all edge and instrument the edges not in MST.
309 // Critical edges will be split.
instrumentOneFunc(Function & F,Module * M,BranchProbabilityInfo * BPI,BlockFrequencyInfo * BFI)310 static void instrumentOneFunc(Function &F, Module *M,
311                               BranchProbabilityInfo *BPI,
312                               BlockFrequencyInfo *BFI) {
313   unsigned NumCounters = 0;
314   FuncPGOInstrumentation<PGOEdge, BBInfo> FuncInfo(F, true, BPI, BFI);
315   for (auto &E : FuncInfo.MST.AllEdges) {
316     if (!E->InMST && !E->Removed)
317       NumCounters++;
318   }
319 
320   uint32_t I = 0;
321   for (auto &E : FuncInfo.MST.AllEdges) {
322     BasicBlock *InstrBB = FuncInfo.getInstrBB(E.get());
323     if (!InstrBB)
324       continue;
325 
326     IRBuilder<> Builder(InstrBB, InstrBB->getFirstInsertionPt());
327     assert(Builder.GetInsertPoint() != InstrBB->end() &&
328            "Cannot get the Instrumentation point");
329     Type *I8PtrTy = Type::getInt8PtrTy(M->getContext());
330     Builder.CreateCall(
331         Intrinsic::getDeclaration(M, Intrinsic::instrprof_increment),
332         {llvm::ConstantExpr::getBitCast(FuncInfo.FuncNameVar, I8PtrTy),
333          Builder.getInt64(FuncInfo.FunctionHash), Builder.getInt32(NumCounters),
334          Builder.getInt32(I++)});
335   }
336 }
337 
338 // This class represents a CFG edge in profile use compilation.
339 struct PGOUseEdge : public PGOEdge {
340   bool CountValid;
341   uint64_t CountValue;
PGOUseEdge__anon10d6878d0211::PGOUseEdge342   PGOUseEdge(const BasicBlock *Src, const BasicBlock *Dest, unsigned W = 1)
343       : PGOEdge(Src, Dest, W), CountValid(false), CountValue(0) {}
344 
345   // Set edge count value
setEdgeCount__anon10d6878d0211::PGOUseEdge346   void setEdgeCount(uint64_t Value) {
347     CountValue = Value;
348     CountValid = true;
349   }
350 
351   // Return the information string for this object.
infoString__anon10d6878d0211::PGOUseEdge352   const std::string infoString() const {
353     if (!CountValid)
354       return PGOEdge::infoString();
355     return (Twine(PGOEdge::infoString()) + "  Count=" + Twine(CountValue)).str();
356   }
357 };
358 
359 typedef SmallVector<PGOUseEdge *, 2> DirectEdges;
360 
361 // This class stores the auxiliary information for each BB.
362 struct UseBBInfo : public BBInfo {
363   uint64_t CountValue;
364   bool CountValid;
365   int32_t UnknownCountInEdge;
366   int32_t UnknownCountOutEdge;
367   DirectEdges InEdges;
368   DirectEdges OutEdges;
UseBBInfo__anon10d6878d0211::UseBBInfo369   UseBBInfo(unsigned IX)
370       : BBInfo(IX), CountValue(0), CountValid(false), UnknownCountInEdge(0),
371         UnknownCountOutEdge(0) {}
UseBBInfo__anon10d6878d0211::UseBBInfo372   UseBBInfo(unsigned IX, uint64_t C)
373       : BBInfo(IX), CountValue(C), CountValid(true), UnknownCountInEdge(0),
374         UnknownCountOutEdge(0) {}
375 
376   // Set the profile count value for this BB.
setBBInfoCount__anon10d6878d0211::UseBBInfo377   void setBBInfoCount(uint64_t Value) {
378     CountValue = Value;
379     CountValid = true;
380   }
381 
382   // Return the information string of this object.
infoString__anon10d6878d0211::UseBBInfo383   const std::string infoString() const {
384     if (!CountValid)
385       return BBInfo::infoString();
386     return (Twine(BBInfo::infoString()) + "  Count=" + Twine(CountValue)).str();
387   }
388 };
389 
390 // Sum up the count values for all the edges.
sumEdgeCount(const ArrayRef<PGOUseEdge * > Edges)391 static uint64_t sumEdgeCount(const ArrayRef<PGOUseEdge *> Edges) {
392   uint64_t Total = 0;
393   for (auto &E : Edges) {
394     if (E->Removed)
395       continue;
396     Total += E->CountValue;
397   }
398   return Total;
399 }
400 
401 class PGOUseFunc {
402 private:
403   Function &F;
404   Module *M;
405   // This member stores the shared information with class PGOGenFunc.
406   FuncPGOInstrumentation<PGOUseEdge, UseBBInfo> FuncInfo;
407 
408   // Return the auxiliary BB information.
getBBInfo(const BasicBlock * BB) const409   UseBBInfo &getBBInfo(const BasicBlock *BB) const {
410     return FuncInfo.getBBInfo(BB);
411   }
412 
413   // The maximum count value in the profile. This is only used in PGO use
414   // compilation.
415   uint64_t ProgramMaxCount;
416 
417   // Find the Instrumented BB and set the value.
418   void setInstrumentedCounts(const std::vector<uint64_t> &CountFromProfile);
419 
420   // Set the edge counter value for the unknown edge -- there should be only
421   // one unknown edge.
422   void setEdgeCount(DirectEdges &Edges, uint64_t Value);
423 
424   // Return FuncName string;
getFuncName() const425   const std::string getFuncName() const { return FuncInfo.FuncName; }
426 
427   // Set the hot/cold inline hints based on the count values.
428   // FIXME: This function should be removed once the functionality in
429   // the inliner is implemented.
applyFunctionAttributes(uint64_t EntryCount,uint64_t MaxCount)430   void applyFunctionAttributes(uint64_t EntryCount, uint64_t MaxCount) {
431     if (ProgramMaxCount == 0)
432       return;
433     // Threshold of the hot functions.
434     const BranchProbability HotFunctionThreshold(1, 100);
435     // Threshold of the cold functions.
436     const BranchProbability ColdFunctionThreshold(2, 10000);
437     if (EntryCount >= HotFunctionThreshold.scale(ProgramMaxCount))
438       F.addFnAttr(llvm::Attribute::InlineHint);
439     else if (MaxCount <= ColdFunctionThreshold.scale(ProgramMaxCount))
440       F.addFnAttr(llvm::Attribute::Cold);
441   }
442 
443 public:
PGOUseFunc(Function & Func,Module * Modu,BranchProbabilityInfo * BPI=nullptr,BlockFrequencyInfo * BFI=nullptr)444   PGOUseFunc(Function &Func, Module *Modu, BranchProbabilityInfo *BPI = nullptr,
445              BlockFrequencyInfo *BFI = nullptr)
446       : F(Func), M(Modu), FuncInfo(Func, false, BPI, BFI) {}
447 
448   // Read counts for the instrumented BB from profile.
449   bool readCounters(IndexedInstrProfReader *PGOReader);
450 
451   // Populate the counts for all BBs.
452   void populateCounters();
453 
454   // Set the branch weights based on the count values.
455   void setBranchWeights();
456 };
457 
458 // Visit all the edges and assign the count value for the instrumented
459 // edges and the BB.
setInstrumentedCounts(const std::vector<uint64_t> & CountFromProfile)460 void PGOUseFunc::setInstrumentedCounts(
461     const std::vector<uint64_t> &CountFromProfile) {
462 
463   // Use a worklist as we will update the vector during the iteration.
464   std::vector<PGOUseEdge *> WorkList;
465   for (auto &E : FuncInfo.MST.AllEdges)
466     WorkList.push_back(E.get());
467 
468   uint32_t I = 0;
469   for (auto &E : WorkList) {
470     BasicBlock *InstrBB = FuncInfo.getInstrBB(E);
471     if (!InstrBB)
472       continue;
473     uint64_t CountValue = CountFromProfile[I++];
474     if (!E->Removed) {
475       getBBInfo(InstrBB).setBBInfoCount(CountValue);
476       E->setEdgeCount(CountValue);
477       continue;
478     }
479 
480     // Need to add two new edges.
481     BasicBlock *SrcBB = const_cast<BasicBlock *>(E->SrcBB);
482     BasicBlock *DestBB = const_cast<BasicBlock *>(E->DestBB);
483     // Add new edge of SrcBB->InstrBB.
484     PGOUseEdge &NewEdge = FuncInfo.MST.addEdge(SrcBB, InstrBB, 0);
485     NewEdge.setEdgeCount(CountValue);
486     // Add new edge of InstrBB->DestBB.
487     PGOUseEdge &NewEdge1 = FuncInfo.MST.addEdge(InstrBB, DestBB, 0);
488     NewEdge1.setEdgeCount(CountValue);
489     NewEdge1.InMST = true;
490     getBBInfo(InstrBB).setBBInfoCount(CountValue);
491   }
492 }
493 
494 // Set the count value for the unknown edge. There should be one and only one
495 // unknown edge in Edges vector.
setEdgeCount(DirectEdges & Edges,uint64_t Value)496 void PGOUseFunc::setEdgeCount(DirectEdges &Edges, uint64_t Value) {
497   for (auto &E : Edges) {
498     if (E->CountValid)
499       continue;
500     E->setEdgeCount(Value);
501 
502     getBBInfo(E->SrcBB).UnknownCountOutEdge--;
503     getBBInfo(E->DestBB).UnknownCountInEdge--;
504     return;
505   }
506   llvm_unreachable("Cannot find the unknown count edge");
507 }
508 
509 // Read the profile from ProfileFileName and assign the value to the
510 // instrumented BB and the edges. This function also updates ProgramMaxCount.
511 // Return true if the profile are successfully read, and false on errors.
readCounters(IndexedInstrProfReader * PGOReader)512 bool PGOUseFunc::readCounters(IndexedInstrProfReader *PGOReader) {
513   auto &Ctx = M->getContext();
514   ErrorOr<InstrProfRecord> Result =
515       PGOReader->getInstrProfRecord(FuncInfo.FuncName, FuncInfo.FunctionHash);
516   if (std::error_code EC = Result.getError()) {
517     if (EC == instrprof_error::unknown_function)
518       NumOfPGOMissing++;
519     else if (EC == instrprof_error::hash_mismatch ||
520              EC == llvm::instrprof_error::malformed)
521       NumOfPGOMismatch++;
522 
523     std::string Msg = EC.message() + std::string(" ") + F.getName().str();
524     Ctx.diagnose(
525         DiagnosticInfoPGOProfile(M->getName().data(), Msg, DS_Warning));
526     return false;
527   }
528   std::vector<uint64_t> &CountFromProfile = Result.get().Counts;
529 
530   NumOfPGOFunc++;
531   DEBUG(dbgs() << CountFromProfile.size() << " counts\n");
532   uint64_t ValueSum = 0;
533   for (unsigned I = 0, S = CountFromProfile.size(); I < S; I++) {
534     DEBUG(dbgs() << "  " << I << ": " << CountFromProfile[I] << "\n");
535     ValueSum += CountFromProfile[I];
536   }
537 
538   DEBUG(dbgs() << "SUM =  " << ValueSum << "\n");
539 
540   getBBInfo(nullptr).UnknownCountOutEdge = 2;
541   getBBInfo(nullptr).UnknownCountInEdge = 2;
542 
543   setInstrumentedCounts(CountFromProfile);
544   ProgramMaxCount = PGOReader->getMaximumFunctionCount();
545   return true;
546 }
547 
548 // Populate the counters from instrumented BBs to all BBs.
549 // In the end of this operation, all BBs should have a valid count value.
populateCounters()550 void PGOUseFunc::populateCounters() {
551   // First set up Count variable for all BBs.
552   for (auto &E : FuncInfo.MST.AllEdges) {
553     if (E->Removed)
554       continue;
555 
556     const BasicBlock *SrcBB = E->SrcBB;
557     const BasicBlock *DestBB = E->DestBB;
558     UseBBInfo &SrcInfo = getBBInfo(SrcBB);
559     UseBBInfo &DestInfo = getBBInfo(DestBB);
560     SrcInfo.OutEdges.push_back(E.get());
561     DestInfo.InEdges.push_back(E.get());
562     SrcInfo.UnknownCountOutEdge++;
563     DestInfo.UnknownCountInEdge++;
564 
565     if (!E->CountValid)
566       continue;
567     DestInfo.UnknownCountInEdge--;
568     SrcInfo.UnknownCountOutEdge--;
569   }
570 
571   bool Changes = true;
572   unsigned NumPasses = 0;
573   while (Changes) {
574     NumPasses++;
575     Changes = false;
576 
577     // For efficient traversal, it's better to start from the end as most
578     // of the instrumented edges are at the end.
579     for (auto &BB : reverse(F)) {
580       UseBBInfo &Count = getBBInfo(&BB);
581       if (!Count.CountValid) {
582         if (Count.UnknownCountOutEdge == 0) {
583           Count.CountValue = sumEdgeCount(Count.OutEdges);
584           Count.CountValid = true;
585           Changes = true;
586         } else if (Count.UnknownCountInEdge == 0) {
587           Count.CountValue = sumEdgeCount(Count.InEdges);
588           Count.CountValid = true;
589           Changes = true;
590         }
591       }
592       if (Count.CountValid) {
593         if (Count.UnknownCountOutEdge == 1) {
594           uint64_t Total = Count.CountValue - sumEdgeCount(Count.OutEdges);
595           setEdgeCount(Count.OutEdges, Total);
596           Changes = true;
597         }
598         if (Count.UnknownCountInEdge == 1) {
599           uint64_t Total = Count.CountValue - sumEdgeCount(Count.InEdges);
600           setEdgeCount(Count.InEdges, Total);
601           Changes = true;
602         }
603       }
604     }
605   }
606 
607   DEBUG(dbgs() << "Populate counts in " << NumPasses << " passes.\n");
608   // Assert every BB has a valid counter.
609   uint64_t FuncEntryCount = getBBInfo(&*F.begin()).CountValue;
610   uint64_t FuncMaxCount = FuncEntryCount;
611   for (auto &BB : F) {
612     assert(getBBInfo(&BB).CountValid && "BB count is not valid");
613     uint64_t Count = getBBInfo(&BB).CountValue;
614     if (Count > FuncMaxCount)
615       FuncMaxCount = Count;
616   }
617   applyFunctionAttributes(FuncEntryCount, FuncMaxCount);
618 
619   DEBUG(FuncInfo.dumpInfo("after reading profile."));
620 }
621 
622 // Assign the scaled count values to the BB with multiple out edges.
setBranchWeights()623 void PGOUseFunc::setBranchWeights() {
624   // Generate MD_prof metadata for every branch instruction.
625   DEBUG(dbgs() << "\nSetting branch weights.\n");
626   MDBuilder MDB(M->getContext());
627   for (auto &BB : F) {
628     TerminatorInst *TI = BB.getTerminator();
629     if (TI->getNumSuccessors() < 2)
630       continue;
631     if (!isa<BranchInst>(TI) && !isa<SwitchInst>(TI))
632       continue;
633     if (getBBInfo(&BB).CountValue == 0)
634       continue;
635 
636     // We have a non-zero Branch BB.
637     const UseBBInfo &BBCountInfo = getBBInfo(&BB);
638     unsigned Size = BBCountInfo.OutEdges.size();
639     SmallVector<unsigned, 2> EdgeCounts(Size, 0);
640     uint64_t MaxCount = 0;
641     for (unsigned s = 0; s < Size; s++) {
642       const PGOUseEdge *E = BBCountInfo.OutEdges[s];
643       const BasicBlock *SrcBB = E->SrcBB;
644       const BasicBlock *DestBB = E->DestBB;
645       if (DestBB == 0)
646         continue;
647       unsigned SuccNum = GetSuccessorNumber(SrcBB, DestBB);
648       uint64_t EdgeCount = E->CountValue;
649       if (EdgeCount > MaxCount)
650         MaxCount = EdgeCount;
651       EdgeCounts[SuccNum] = EdgeCount;
652     }
653     assert(MaxCount > 0 && "Bad max count");
654     uint64_t Scale = calculateCountScale(MaxCount);
655     SmallVector<unsigned, 4> Weights;
656     for (const auto &ECI : EdgeCounts)
657       Weights.push_back(scaleBranchCount(ECI, Scale));
658 
659     TI->setMetadata(llvm::LLVMContext::MD_prof,
660                     MDB.createBranchWeights(Weights));
661     DEBUG(dbgs() << "Weight is: ";
662           for (const auto &W : Weights) { dbgs() << W << " "; }
663           dbgs() << "\n";);
664   }
665 }
666 } // end anonymous namespace
667 
runOnModule(Module & M)668 bool PGOInstrumentationGen::runOnModule(Module &M) {
669   for (auto &F : M) {
670     if (F.isDeclaration())
671       continue;
672     BranchProbabilityInfo *BPI =
673         &(getAnalysis<BranchProbabilityInfoWrapperPass>(F).getBPI());
674     BlockFrequencyInfo *BFI =
675         &(getAnalysis<BlockFrequencyInfoWrapperPass>(F).getBFI());
676     instrumentOneFunc(F, &M, BPI, BFI);
677   }
678   return true;
679 }
680 
setPGOCountOnFunc(PGOUseFunc & Func,IndexedInstrProfReader * PGOReader)681 static void setPGOCountOnFunc(PGOUseFunc &Func,
682                               IndexedInstrProfReader *PGOReader) {
683   if (Func.readCounters(PGOReader)) {
684     Func.populateCounters();
685     Func.setBranchWeights();
686   }
687 }
688 
runOnModule(Module & M)689 bool PGOInstrumentationUse::runOnModule(Module &M) {
690   DEBUG(dbgs() << "Read in profile counters: ");
691   auto &Ctx = M.getContext();
692   // Read the counter array from file.
693   auto ReaderOrErr = IndexedInstrProfReader::create(ProfileFileName);
694   if (std::error_code EC = ReaderOrErr.getError()) {
695     Ctx.diagnose(
696         DiagnosticInfoPGOProfile(ProfileFileName.data(), EC.message()));
697     return false;
698   }
699 
700   PGOReader = std::move(ReaderOrErr.get());
701   if (!PGOReader) {
702     Ctx.diagnose(DiagnosticInfoPGOProfile(ProfileFileName.data(),
703                                           "Cannot get PGOReader"));
704     return false;
705   }
706 
707   for (auto &F : M) {
708     if (F.isDeclaration())
709       continue;
710     BranchProbabilityInfo *BPI =
711         &(getAnalysis<BranchProbabilityInfoWrapperPass>(F).getBPI());
712     BlockFrequencyInfo *BFI =
713         &(getAnalysis<BlockFrequencyInfoWrapperPass>(F).getBFI());
714     PGOUseFunc Func(F, &M, BPI, BFI);
715     setPGOCountOnFunc(Func, PGOReader.get());
716   }
717   return true;
718 }
719