1@c Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 2@c This is part of the GAS manual. 3@c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo. 4 5@ifset GENERIC 6@page 7@node AVR-Dependent 8@chapter AVR Dependent Features 9@end ifset 10 11@ifclear GENERIC 12@node Machine Dependencies 13@chapter AVR Dependent Features 14@end ifclear 15 16@cindex AVR support 17@menu 18* AVR Options:: Options 19* AVR Syntax:: Syntax 20* AVR Opcodes:: Opcodes 21@end menu 22 23@node AVR Options 24@section Options 25@cindex AVR options (none) 26@cindex options for AVR (none) 27 28@table @code 29 30@cindex @code{-mmcu=} command line option, AVR 31@item -mmcu=@var{mcu} 32Specify ATMEL AVR instruction set or MCU type. 33 34Instruction set avr1 is for the minimal AVR core, not supported by the C 35compiler, only for assembler programs (MCU types: at90s1200, 36attiny11, attiny12, attiny15, attiny28). 37 38Instruction set avr2 (default) is for the classic AVR core with up to 398K program memory space (MCU types: at90s2313, at90s2323, at90s2333, at90s2343, 40attiny22, attiny26, at90s4414, at90s4433, at90s4434, at90s8515, at90c8534, 41at90s8535). 42 43Instruction set avr25 is for the classic AVR core with up to 8K program memory 44space plus the MOVW instruction (MCU types: attiny13, attiny13a, attiny2313, 45attiny2313a, attiny24, attiny24a, attiny4313, attiny44, attiny44a, attiny84, 46attiny84a, attiny25, attiny45, attiny85, attiny261, attiny261a, attiny461, 47attiny461a, attiny861, attiny861a, attiny87, attiny43u, attiny48, attiny88, 48attiny828, at86rf401, ata6289, ata5272). 49 50Instruction set avr3 is for the classic AVR core with up to 128K program 51memory space (MCU types: at43usb355, at76c711). 52 53Instruction set avr31 is for the classic AVR core with exactly 128K program 54memory space (MCU types: atmega103, at43usb320). 55 56Instruction set avr35 is for classic AVR core plus MOVW, CALL, and JMP 57instructions (MCU types: attiny167, attiny1634, at90usb82, at90usb162, 58atmega8u2, atmega16u2, atmega32u2, ata5505). 59 60Instruction set avr4 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 8K program 61memory space (MCU types: atmega48, atmega48a, atmega48pa, atmega48p, atmega8, 62atmega8a, atmega88, atmega88a, atmega88p, atmega88pa, atmega8515, atmega8535, 63atmega8hva, at90pwm1, at90pwm2, at90pwm2b, at90pwm3, at90pwm3b, at90pwm81, 64ata6285, ata6286). 65 66Instruction set avr5 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 128K program 67memory space (MCU types: at90pwm161, atmega16, atmega16a, atmega161, atmega162, 68atmega163, atmega164a, atmega164p, atmega164pa, atmega165, atmega165a, 69atmega165p, atmega165pa, atmega168, atmega168a, atmega168p, atmega168pa, 70atmega169, atmega169a, atmega169p, atmega169pa, atmega32, atmega323, atmega324a, 71atmega324p, atmega324pa, atmega325, atmega325a, atmega32, atmega32a, atmega323, 72atmega324a, atmega324p, atmega324pa, atmega325, atmega325a, atmega325p, 73atmega325p, atmega325pa, atmega3250, atmega3250a, atmega3250p, atmega3250pa, 74atmega328, atmega328p, atmega329, atmega329a, atmega329p, atmega329pa, 75atmega3290a, atmega3290p, atmega3290pa, atmega406, atmega64, atmega64a, 76atmega64rfr2, atmega644rfr2, atmega640, atmega644, atmega644a, atmega644p, 77atmega644pa, atmega645, atmega645a, atmega645p, atmega6450, atmega6450a, 78atmega6450p, atmega649, atmega649a, atmega649p, atmega6490, atmega6490a, 79atmega6490p, atmega16hva, atmega16hva2, atmega16hvb, atmega16hvbrevb, 80atmega32hvb, atmega32hvbrevb, atmega64hve, at90can32, at90can64, at90pwm161, 81at90pwm216, at90pwm316, atmega32c1, atmega64c1, atmega16m1, atmega32m1, 82atmega64m1, atmega16u4, atmega32u4, atmega32u6, at90usb646, at90usb647, at94k, 83at90scr100, ata5790, ata5795). 84 85Instruction set avr51 is for the enhanced AVR core with exactly 128K 86program memory space (MCU types: atmega128, atmega128a, atmega1280, 87atmega1281, atmega1284, atmega1284p, atmega128rfa1, atmega128rfr2, 88atmega1284rfr2, at90can128, at90usb1286, at90usb1287, m3000). 89 90Instruction set avr6 is for the enhanced AVR core with a 3-byte PC 91(MCU types: atmega2560, atmega2561, atmega256rfr2, atmega2564rfr2). 92 93Instruction set avrxmega2 is for the XMEGA AVR core with 8K to 64K 94program memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: 95atxmega16a4, atxmega16a4u, atxmega16c4, atxmega16d4, atxmega16x1, 96atxmega32a4, atxmega32a4u, atxmega32c4, atxmega32d4, atxmega16e5, 97atxmega8e5, atxmega32e5, atxmega32x1). 98 99Instruction set avrxmega3 is for the XMEGA AVR core with 8K to 64K 100program memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: 101none). 102 103Instruction set avrxmega4 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K 104program memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: 105atxmega64a3, atxmega64a3u, atxmega64a4u, atxmega64b1, atxmega64b3, 106atxmega64c3, atxmega64d3, atxmega64d4). 107 108Instruction set avrxmega5 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K 109program memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: 110atxmega64a1, atxmega64a1u). 111 112Instruction set avrxmega6 is for the XMEGA AVR core with larger than 11364K program memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: 114atxmega128a3, atxmega128a3u, atxmega128c3, atxmega128d3, atxmega128d4, 115atxmega192a3, atxmega192a3u, atxmega128b1, atxmega128b3, atxmega192c3, 116atxmega192d3, atxmega256a3, atxmega256a3u, atxmega256a3b, 117atxmega256a3bu, atxmega256c3, atxmega256d3, atxmega384c3, 118atxmega256d3). 119 120Instruction set avrxmega7 is for the XMEGA AVR core with larger than 12164K program memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: 122atxmega128a1, atxmega128a1u, atxmega128a4u). 123 124Instruction set avrtiny is for the ATtiny4/5/9/10/20/40 125microcontrollers. 126 127@cindex @code{-mall-opcodes} command line option, AVR 128@item -mall-opcodes 129Accept all AVR opcodes, even if not supported by @code{-mmcu}. 130 131@cindex @code{-mno-skip-bug} command line option, AVR 132@item -mno-skip-bug 133This option disable warnings for skipping two-word instructions. 134 135@cindex @code{-mno-wrap} command line option, AVR 136@item -mno-wrap 137This option reject @code{rjmp/rcall} instructions with 8K wrap-around. 138 139@cindex @code{-mrmw} command line option, AVR 140@item -mrmw 141Accept Read-Modify-Write (@code{XCH,LAC,LAS,LAT}) instructions. 142 143@end table 144 145 146@node AVR Syntax 147@section Syntax 148@menu 149* AVR-Chars:: Special Characters 150* AVR-Regs:: Register Names 151* AVR-Modifiers:: Relocatable Expression Modifiers 152@end menu 153 154@node AVR-Chars 155@subsection Special Characters 156 157@cindex line comment character, AVR 158@cindex AVR line comment character 159 160The presence of a @samp{;} anywhere on a line indicates the start of a 161comment that extends to the end of that line. 162 163If a @samp{#} appears as the first character of a line, the whole line 164is treated as a comment, but in this case the line can also be a 165logical line number directive (@pxref{Comments}) or a preprocessor 166control command (@pxref{Preprocessing}). 167 168@cindex line separator, AVR 169@cindex statement separator, AVR 170@cindex AVR line separator 171 172The @samp{$} character can be used instead of a newline to separate 173statements. 174 175@node AVR-Regs 176@subsection Register Names 177 178@cindex AVR register names 179@cindex register names, AVR 180 181The AVR has 32 x 8-bit general purpose working registers @samp{r0}, 182@samp{r1}, ... @samp{r31}. 183Six of the 32 registers can be used as three 16-bit indirect address 184register pointers for Data Space addressing. One of the these address 185pointers can also be used as an address pointer for look up tables in 186Flash program memory. These added function registers are the 16-bit 187@samp{X}, @samp{Y} and @samp{Z} - registers. 188 189@smallexample 190X = @r{r26:r27} 191Y = @r{r28:r29} 192Z = @r{r30:r31} 193@end smallexample 194 195@node AVR-Modifiers 196@subsection Relocatable Expression Modifiers 197 198@cindex AVR modifiers 199@cindex syntax, AVR 200 201The assembler supports several modifiers when using relocatable addresses 202in AVR instruction operands. The general syntax is the following: 203 204@smallexample 205modifier(relocatable-expression) 206@end smallexample 207 208@table @code 209@cindex symbol modifiers 210 211@item lo8 212 213This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of 214an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. 215 216@item hi8 217 218This modifier allows you to use bits 7 through 15 of an address expression 219as 8 bit relocatable expression. This is useful with, for example, the 220AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8} modifier. 221 222For example 223 224@smallexample 225ldi r26, lo8(sym+10) 226ldi r27, hi8(sym+10) 227@end smallexample 228 229@item hh8 230 231This modifier allows you to use bits 16 through 23 of 232an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. 233Also, can be useful for loading 32 bit constants. 234 235@item hlo8 236 237Synonym of @samp{hh8}. 238 239@item hhi8 240 241This modifier allows you to use bits 24 through 31 of 242an expression as 8 bit expression. This is useful with, for example, the 243AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8}, @samp{hi8}, @samp{hlo8}, 244@samp{hhi8}, modifier. 245 246For example 247 248@smallexample 249ldi r26, lo8(285774925) 250ldi r27, hi8(285774925) 251ldi r28, hlo8(285774925) 252ldi r29, hhi8(285774925) 253; r29,r28,r27,r26 = 285774925 254@end smallexample 255 256@item pm_lo8 257 258This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of 259an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. 260This modifier useful for addressing data or code from 261Flash/Program memory. The using of @samp{pm_lo8} similar 262to @samp{lo8}. 263 264@item pm_hi8 265 266This modifier allows you to use bits 8 through 15 of 267an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. 268This modifier useful for addressing data or code from 269Flash/Program memory. 270 271@item pm_hh8 272 273This modifier allows you to use bits 15 through 23 of 274an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. 275This modifier useful for addressing data or code from 276Flash/Program memory. 277 278@end table 279 280@node AVR Opcodes 281@section Opcodes 282 283@cindex AVR opcode summary 284@cindex opcode summary, AVR 285@cindex mnemonics, AVR 286@cindex instruction summary, AVR 287For detailed information on the AVR machine instruction set, see 288@url{www.atmel.com/products/AVR}. 289 290@code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard AVR opcodes. 291The following table summarizes the AVR opcodes, and their arguments. 292 293@smallexample 294@i{Legend:} 295 r @r{any register} 296 d @r{`ldi' register (r16-r31)} 297 v @r{`movw' even register (r0, r2, ..., r28, r30)} 298 a @r{`fmul' register (r16-r23)} 299 w @r{`adiw' register (r24,r26,r28,r30)} 300 e @r{pointer registers (X,Y,Z)} 301 b @r{base pointer register and displacement ([YZ]+disp)} 302 z @r{Z pointer register (for [e]lpm Rd,Z[+])} 303 M @r{immediate value from 0 to 255} 304 n @r{immediate value from 0 to 255 ( n = ~M ). Relocation impossible} 305 s @r{immediate value from 0 to 7} 306 P @r{Port address value from 0 to 63. (in, out)} 307 p @r{Port address value from 0 to 31. (cbi, sbi, sbic, sbis)} 308 K @r{immediate value from 0 to 63 (used in `adiw', `sbiw')} 309 i @r{immediate value} 310 l @r{signed pc relative offset from -64 to 63} 311 L @r{signed pc relative offset from -2048 to 2047} 312 h @r{absolute code address (call, jmp)} 313 S @r{immediate value from 0 to 7 (S = s << 4)} 314 ? @r{use this opcode entry if no parameters, else use next opcode entry} 315 3161001010010001000 clc 3171001010011011000 clh 3181001010011111000 cli 3191001010010101000 cln 3201001010011001000 cls 3211001010011101000 clt 3221001010010111000 clv 3231001010010011000 clz 3241001010000001000 sec 3251001010001011000 seh 3261001010001111000 sei 3271001010000101000 sen 3281001010001001000 ses 3291001010001101000 set 3301001010000111000 sev 3311001010000011000 sez 332100101001SSS1000 bclr S 333100101000SSS1000 bset S 3341001010100001001 icall 3351001010000001001 ijmp 3361001010111001000 lpm ? 3371001000ddddd010+ lpm r,z 3381001010111011000 elpm ? 3391001000ddddd011+ elpm r,z 3400000000000000000 nop 3411001010100001000 ret 3421001010100011000 reti 3431001010110001000 sleep 3441001010110011000 break 3451001010110101000 wdr 3461001010111101000 spm 347000111rdddddrrrr adc r,r 348000011rdddddrrrr add r,r 349001000rdddddrrrr and r,r 350000101rdddddrrrr cp r,r 351000001rdddddrrrr cpc r,r 352000100rdddddrrrr cpse r,r 353001001rdddddrrrr eor r,r 354001011rdddddrrrr mov r,r 355100111rdddddrrrr mul r,r 356001010rdddddrrrr or r,r 357000010rdddddrrrr sbc r,r 358000110rdddddrrrr sub r,r 359001001rdddddrrrr clr r 360000011rdddddrrrr lsl r 361000111rdddddrrrr rol r 362001000rdddddrrrr tst r 3630111KKKKddddKKKK andi d,M 3640111KKKKddddKKKK cbr d,n 3651110KKKKddddKKKK ldi d,M 36611101111dddd1111 ser d 3670110KKKKddddKKKK ori d,M 3680110KKKKddddKKKK sbr d,M 3690011KKKKddddKKKK cpi d,M 3700100KKKKddddKKKK sbci d,M 3710101KKKKddddKKKK subi d,M 3721111110rrrrr0sss sbrc r,s 3731111111rrrrr0sss sbrs r,s 3741111100ddddd0sss bld r,s 3751111101ddddd0sss bst r,s 37610110PPdddddPPPP in r,P 37710111PPrrrrrPPPP out P,r 37810010110KKddKKKK adiw w,K 37910010111KKddKKKK sbiw w,K 38010011000pppppsss cbi p,s 38110011010pppppsss sbi p,s 38210011001pppppsss sbic p,s 38310011011pppppsss sbis p,s 384111101lllllll000 brcc l 385111100lllllll000 brcs l 386111100lllllll001 breq l 387111101lllllll100 brge l 388111101lllllll101 brhc l 389111100lllllll101 brhs l 390111101lllllll111 brid l 391111100lllllll111 brie l 392111100lllllll000 brlo l 393111100lllllll100 brlt l 394111100lllllll010 brmi l 395111101lllllll001 brne l 396111101lllllll010 brpl l 397111101lllllll000 brsh l 398111101lllllll110 brtc l 399111100lllllll110 brts l 400111101lllllll011 brvc l 401111100lllllll011 brvs l 402111101lllllllsss brbc s,l 403111100lllllllsss brbs s,l 4041101LLLLLLLLLLLL rcall L 4051100LLLLLLLLLLLL rjmp L 4061001010hhhhh111h call h 4071001010hhhhh110h jmp h 4081001010rrrrr0101 asr r 4091001010rrrrr0000 com r 4101001010rrrrr1010 dec r 4111001010rrrrr0011 inc r 4121001010rrrrr0110 lsr r 4131001010rrrrr0001 neg r 4141001000rrrrr1111 pop r 4151001001rrrrr1111 push r 4161001010rrrrr0111 ror r 4171001010rrrrr0010 swap r 41800000001ddddrrrr movw v,v 41900000010ddddrrrr muls d,d 420000000110ddd0rrr mulsu a,a 421000000110ddd1rrr fmul a,a 422000000111ddd0rrr fmuls a,a 423000000111ddd1rrr fmulsu a,a 4241001001ddddd0000 sts i,r 4251001000ddddd0000 lds r,i 42610o0oo0dddddbooo ldd r,b 427100!000dddddee-+ ld r,e 42810o0oo1rrrrrbooo std b,r 429100!001rrrrree-+ st e,r 4301001010100011001 eicall 4311001010000011001 eijmp 432@end smallexample 433