1 /*
2  * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
3  *
4  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7  *
8  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9  *
10  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14  * limitations under the License.
15  */
16 package android.security;
17 
18 import android.annotation.NonNull;
19 import android.annotation.Nullable;
20 import android.annotation.SdkConstant;
21 import android.annotation.WorkerThread;
22 import android.annotation.SdkConstant.SdkConstantType;
23 import android.app.Activity;
24 import android.app.PendingIntent;
25 import android.app.Service;
26 import android.content.ComponentName;
27 import android.content.Context;
28 import android.content.Intent;
29 import android.content.ServiceConnection;
30 import android.net.Uri;
31 import android.os.Binder;
32 import android.os.Build;
33 import android.os.IBinder;
34 import android.os.Looper;
35 import android.os.Process;
36 import android.os.RemoteException;
37 import android.os.UserHandle;
38 import android.security.keystore.AndroidKeyStoreProvider;
39 import android.security.keystore.KeyProperties;
40 
41 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
42 import java.io.Closeable;
43 import java.security.Principal;
44 import java.security.PrivateKey;
45 import java.security.UnrecoverableKeyException;
46 import java.security.cert.Certificate;
47 import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
48 import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;
49 import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
50 import java.util.ArrayList;
51 import java.util.Collection;
52 import java.util.List;
53 import java.util.Locale;
54 import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
55 import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
56 
57 import com.android.org.conscrypt.TrustedCertificateStore;
58 
59 /**
60  * The {@code KeyChain} class provides access to private keys and
61  * their corresponding certificate chains in credential storage.
62  *
63  * <p>Applications accessing the {@code KeyChain} normally go through
64  * these steps:
65  *
66  * <ol>
67  *
68  * <li>Receive a callback from an {@link javax.net.ssl.X509KeyManager
69  * X509KeyManager} that a private key is requested.
70  *
71  * <li>Call {@link #choosePrivateKeyAlias
72  * choosePrivateKeyAlias} to allow the user to select from a
73  * list of currently available private keys and corresponding
74  * certificate chains. The chosen alias will be returned by the
75  * callback {@link KeyChainAliasCallback#alias}, or null if no private
76  * key is available or the user cancels the request.
77  *
78  * <li>Call {@link #getPrivateKey} and {@link #getCertificateChain} to
79  * retrieve the credentials to return to the corresponding {@link
80  * javax.net.ssl.X509KeyManager} callbacks.
81  *
82  * </ol>
83  *
84  * <p>An application may remember the value of a selected alias to
85  * avoid prompting the user with {@link #choosePrivateKeyAlias
86  * choosePrivateKeyAlias} on subsequent connections. If the alias is
87  * no longer valid, null will be returned on lookups using that value
88  *
89  * <p>An application can request the installation of private keys and
90  * certificates via the {@code Intent} provided by {@link
91  * #createInstallIntent}. Private keys installed via this {@code
92  * Intent} will be accessible via {@link #choosePrivateKeyAlias} while
93  * Certificate Authority (CA) certificates will be trusted by all
94  * applications through the default {@code X509TrustManager}.
95  */
96 // TODO reference intent for credential installation when public
97 public final class KeyChain {
98 
99     /**
100      * @hide Also used by KeyChainService implementation
101      */
102     public static final String ACCOUNT_TYPE = "com.android.keychain";
103 
104     /**
105      * Package name for KeyChain chooser.
106      */
107     private static final String KEYCHAIN_PACKAGE = "com.android.keychain";
108 
109     /**
110      * Action to bring up the KeyChainActivity
111      */
112     private static final String ACTION_CHOOSER = "com.android.keychain.CHOOSER";
113 
114     /**
115      * Package name for the Certificate Installer.
116      */
117     private static final String CERT_INSTALLER_PACKAGE = "com.android.certinstaller";
118 
119     /**
120      * Extra for use with {@link #ACTION_CHOOSER}
121      * @hide Also used by KeyChainActivity implementation
122      */
123     public static final String EXTRA_RESPONSE = "response";
124 
125     /**
126      * Extra for use with {@link #ACTION_CHOOSER}
127      * @hide Also used by KeyChainActivity implementation
128      */
129     public static final String EXTRA_URI = "uri";
130 
131     /**
132      * Extra for use with {@link #ACTION_CHOOSER}
133      * @hide Also used by KeyChainActivity implementation
134      */
135     public static final String EXTRA_ALIAS = "alias";
136 
137     /**
138      * Extra for use with {@link #ACTION_CHOOSER}
139      * @hide Also used by KeyChainActivity implementation
140      */
141     public static final String EXTRA_SENDER = "sender";
142 
143     /**
144      * Action to bring up the CertInstaller.
145      */
146     private static final String ACTION_INSTALL = "android.credentials.INSTALL";
147 
148     /**
149      * Optional extra to specify a {@code String} credential name on
150      * the {@code Intent} returned by {@link #createInstallIntent}.
151      */
152     // Compatible with old com.android.certinstaller.CredentialHelper.CERT_NAME_KEY
153     public static final String EXTRA_NAME = "name";
154 
155     /**
156      * Optional extra to specify an X.509 certificate to install on
157      * the {@code Intent} returned by {@link #createInstallIntent}.
158      * The extra value should be a PEM or ASN.1 DER encoded {@code
159      * byte[]}. An {@link X509Certificate} can be converted to DER
160      * encoded bytes with {@link X509Certificate#getEncoded}.
161      *
162      * <p>{@link #EXTRA_NAME} may be used to provide a default alias
163      * name for the installed certificate.
164      */
165     // Compatible with old android.security.Credentials.CERTIFICATE
166     public static final String EXTRA_CERTIFICATE = "CERT";
167 
168     /**
169      * Optional extra for use with the {@code Intent} returned by
170      * {@link #createInstallIntent} to specify a PKCS#12 key store to
171      * install. The extra value should be a {@code byte[]}. The bytes
172      * may come from an external source or be generated with {@link
173      * java.security.KeyStore#store} on a "PKCS12" instance.
174      *
175      * <p>The user will be prompted for the password to load the key store.
176      *
177      * <p>The key store will be scanned for {@link
178      * java.security.KeyStore.PrivateKeyEntry} entries and both the
179      * private key and associated certificate chain will be installed.
180      *
181      * <p>{@link #EXTRA_NAME} may be used to provide a default alias
182      * name for the installed credentials.
183      */
184     // Compatible with old android.security.Credentials.PKCS12
185     public static final String EXTRA_PKCS12 = "PKCS12";
186 
187     /**
188      * Broadcast Action: Indicates the trusted storage has changed. Sent when
189      * one of this happens:
190      *
191      * <ul>
192      * <li>a new CA is added,
193      * <li>an existing CA is removed or disabled,
194      * <li>a disabled CA is enabled,
195      * <li>trusted storage is reset (all user certs are cleared),
196      * <li>when permission to access a private key is changed.
197      * </ul>
198      *
199      * @deprecated Use {@link #ACTION_KEYCHAIN_CHANGED}, {@link #ACTION_TRUST_STORE_CHANGED} or
200      * {@link #ACTION_KEY_ACCESS_CHANGED}. Apps that target a version higher than
201      * {@link Build.VERSION_CODES#N_MR1} will only receive this broadcast if they register for it
202      * at runtime.
203      */
204     @SdkConstant(SdkConstantType.BROADCAST_INTENT_ACTION)
205     public static final String ACTION_STORAGE_CHANGED = "android.security.STORAGE_CHANGED";
206 
207     /**
208      * Broadcast Action: Indicates the contents of the keychain has changed. Sent when a KeyChain
209      * entry is added, modified or removed.
210      */
211     @SdkConstant(SdkConstantType.BROADCAST_INTENT_ACTION)
212     public static final String ACTION_KEYCHAIN_CHANGED = "android.security.action.KEYCHAIN_CHANGED";
213 
214     /**
215      * Broadcast Action: Indicates the contents of the trusted certificate store has changed. Sent
216      * when one the following occurs:
217      *
218      * <ul>
219      * <li>A pre-installed CA is disabled or re-enabled</li>
220      * <li>A CA is added or removed from the trust store</li>
221      * </ul>
222      */
223     @SdkConstant(SdkConstantType.BROADCAST_INTENT_ACTION)
224     public static final String ACTION_TRUST_STORE_CHANGED =
225             "android.security.action.TRUST_STORE_CHANGED";
226 
227     /**
228      * Broadcast Action: Indicates that the access permissions for a private key have changed.
229      *
230      */
231     @SdkConstant(SdkConstantType.BROADCAST_INTENT_ACTION)
232     public static final String ACTION_KEY_ACCESS_CHANGED =
233             "android.security.action.KEY_ACCESS_CHANGED";
234 
235     /**
236      * Used as a String extra field in {@link #ACTION_KEY_ACCESS_CHANGED} to supply the alias of
237      * the key.
238      */
239     public static final String EXTRA_KEY_ALIAS = "android.security.extra.KEY_ALIAS";
240 
241     /**
242      * Used as a boolean extra field in {@link #ACTION_KEY_ACCESS_CHANGED} to supply if the key is
243      * accessible to the application.
244      */
245     public static final String EXTRA_KEY_ACCESSIBLE = "android.security.extra.KEY_ACCESSIBLE";
246 
247     /**
248      * Returns an {@code Intent} that can be used for credential
249      * installation. The intent may be used without any extras, in
250      * which case the user will be able to install credentials from
251      * their own source.
252      *
253      * <p>Alternatively, {@link #EXTRA_CERTIFICATE} or {@link
254      * #EXTRA_PKCS12} maybe used to specify the bytes of an X.509
255      * certificate or a PKCS#12 key store for installation. These
256      * extras may be combined with {@link #EXTRA_NAME} to provide a
257      * default alias name for credentials being installed.
258      *
259      * <p>When used with {@link Activity#startActivityForResult},
260      * {@link Activity#RESULT_OK} will be returned if a credential was
261      * successfully installed, otherwise {@link
262      * Activity#RESULT_CANCELED} will be returned.
263      */
264     @NonNull
createInstallIntent()265     public static Intent createInstallIntent() {
266         Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_INSTALL);
267         intent.setClassName(CERT_INSTALLER_PACKAGE,
268                             "com.android.certinstaller.CertInstallerMain");
269         return intent;
270     }
271 
272     /**
273      * Launches an {@code Activity} for the user to select the alias
274      * for a private key and certificate pair for authentication. The
275      * selected alias or null will be returned via the
276      * KeyChainAliasCallback callback.
277      *
278      * <p>The device or profile owner can intercept this before the activity
279      * is shown, to pick a specific private key alias.
280      *
281      * <p>{@code keyTypes} and {@code issuers} may be used to
282      * highlight suggested choices to the user, although to cope with
283      * sometimes erroneous values provided by servers, the user may be
284      * able to override these suggestions.
285      *
286      * <p>{@code host} and {@code port} may be used to give the user
287      * more context about the server requesting the credentials.
288      *
289      * <p>{@code alias} allows the chooser to preselect an existing
290      * alias which will still be subject to user confirmation.
291      *
292      * @param activity The {@link Activity} context to use for
293      *     launching the new sub-Activity to prompt the user to select
294      *     a private key; used only to call startActivity(); must not
295      *     be null.
296      * @param response Callback to invoke when the request completes;
297      *     must not be null
298      * @param keyTypes The acceptable types of asymmetric keys such as
299      *     "RSA" or "DSA", or a null array.
300      * @param issuers The acceptable certificate issuers for the
301      *     certificate matching the private key, or null.
302      * @param host The host name of the server requesting the
303      *     certificate, or null if unavailable.
304      * @param port The port number of the server requesting the
305      *     certificate, or -1 if unavailable.
306      * @param alias The alias to preselect if available, or null if
307      *     unavailable.
308      */
choosePrivateKeyAlias(@onNull Activity activity, @NonNull KeyChainAliasCallback response, @KeyProperties.KeyAlgorithmEnum String[] keyTypes, Principal[] issuers, @Nullable String host, int port, @Nullable String alias)309     public static void choosePrivateKeyAlias(@NonNull Activity activity,
310             @NonNull KeyChainAliasCallback response,
311             @KeyProperties.KeyAlgorithmEnum String[] keyTypes, Principal[] issuers,
312             @Nullable String host, int port, @Nullable String alias) {
313         Uri uri = null;
314         if (host != null) {
315             uri = new Uri.Builder()
316                     .authority(host + (port != -1 ? ":" + port : ""))
317                     .build();
318         }
319         choosePrivateKeyAlias(activity, response, keyTypes, issuers, uri, alias);
320     }
321 
322     /**
323      * Launches an {@code Activity} for the user to select the alias
324      * for a private key and certificate pair for authentication. The
325      * selected alias or null will be returned via the
326      * KeyChainAliasCallback callback.
327      *
328      * <p>The device or profile owner can intercept this before the activity
329      * is shown, to pick a specific private key alias.</p>
330      *
331      * <p>{@code keyTypes} and {@code issuers} may be used to
332      * highlight suggested choices to the user, although to cope with
333      * sometimes erroneous values provided by servers, the user may be
334      * able to override these suggestions.
335      *
336      * <p>{@code host} and {@code port} may be used to give the user
337      * more context about the server requesting the credentials.
338      *
339      * <p>{@code alias} allows the chooser to preselect an existing
340      * alias which will still be subject to user confirmation.
341      *
342      * @param activity The {@link Activity} context to use for
343      *     launching the new sub-Activity to prompt the user to select
344      *     a private key; used only to call startActivity(); must not
345      *     be null.
346      * @param response Callback to invoke when the request completes;
347      *     must not be null
348      * @param keyTypes The acceptable types of asymmetric keys such as
349      *     "EC" or "RSA", or a null array.
350      * @param issuers The acceptable certificate issuers for the
351      *     certificate matching the private key, or null.
352      * @param uri The full URI the server is requesting the certificate
353      *     for, or null if unavailable.
354      * @param alias The alias to preselect if available, or null if
355      *     unavailable.
356      */
choosePrivateKeyAlias(@onNull Activity activity, @NonNull KeyChainAliasCallback response, @KeyProperties.KeyAlgorithmEnum String[] keyTypes, Principal[] issuers, @Nullable Uri uri, @Nullable String alias)357     public static void choosePrivateKeyAlias(@NonNull Activity activity,
358             @NonNull KeyChainAliasCallback response,
359             @KeyProperties.KeyAlgorithmEnum String[] keyTypes, Principal[] issuers,
360             @Nullable Uri uri, @Nullable String alias) {
361         /*
362          * TODO currently keyTypes, issuers are unused. They are meant
363          * to follow the semantics and purpose of X509KeyManager
364          * method arguments.
365          *
366          * keyTypes would allow the list to be filtered and typically
367          * will be set correctly by the server. In practice today,
368          * most all users will want only RSA or EC, and usually
369          * only a small number of certs will be available.
370          *
371          * issuers is typically not useful. Some servers historically
372          * will send the entire list of public CAs known to the
373          * server. Others will send none. If this is used, if there
374          * are no matches after applying the constraint, it should be
375          * ignored.
376          */
377         if (activity == null) {
378             throw new NullPointerException("activity == null");
379         }
380         if (response == null) {
381             throw new NullPointerException("response == null");
382         }
383         Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_CHOOSER);
384         intent.setPackage(KEYCHAIN_PACKAGE);
385         intent.putExtra(EXTRA_RESPONSE, new AliasResponse(response));
386         intent.putExtra(EXTRA_URI, uri);
387         intent.putExtra(EXTRA_ALIAS, alias);
388         // the PendingIntent is used to get calling package name
389         intent.putExtra(EXTRA_SENDER, PendingIntent.getActivity(activity, 0, new Intent(), 0));
390         activity.startActivity(intent);
391     }
392 
393     private static class AliasResponse extends IKeyChainAliasCallback.Stub {
394         private final KeyChainAliasCallback keyChainAliasResponse;
AliasResponse(KeyChainAliasCallback keyChainAliasResponse)395         private AliasResponse(KeyChainAliasCallback keyChainAliasResponse) {
396             this.keyChainAliasResponse = keyChainAliasResponse;
397         }
alias(String alias)398         @Override public void alias(String alias) {
399             keyChainAliasResponse.alias(alias);
400         }
401     }
402 
403     /**
404      * Returns the {@code PrivateKey} for the requested alias, or null
405      * if there is no result.
406      *
407      * <p> This method may block while waiting for a connection to another process, and must never
408      * be called from the main thread.
409      * <p> As {@link Activity} and {@link Service} contexts are short-lived and can be destroyed
410      * at any time from the main thread, it is safer to rely on a long-lived context such as one
411      * returned from {@link Context#getApplicationContext()}.
412      *
413      * @param alias The alias of the desired private key, typically returned via
414      *              {@link KeyChainAliasCallback#alias}.
415      * @throws KeyChainException if the alias was valid but there was some problem accessing it.
416      * @throws IllegalStateException if called from the main thread.
417      */
418     @Nullable @WorkerThread
getPrivateKey(@onNull Context context, @NonNull String alias)419     public static PrivateKey getPrivateKey(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull String alias)
420             throws KeyChainException, InterruptedException {
421         if (alias == null) {
422             throw new NullPointerException("alias == null");
423         }
424         if (context == null) {
425             throw new NullPointerException("context == null");
426         }
427 
428         final String keyId;
429         try (KeyChainConnection keyChainConnection = bind(context.getApplicationContext())) {
430             keyId = keyChainConnection.getService().requestPrivateKey(alias);
431         } catch (RemoteException e) {
432             throw new KeyChainException(e);
433         } catch (RuntimeException e) {
434             // only certain RuntimeExceptions can be propagated across the IKeyChainService call
435             throw new KeyChainException(e);
436         }
437 
438         if (keyId == null) {
439             return null;
440         } else {
441             try {
442                 return AndroidKeyStoreProvider.loadAndroidKeyStorePrivateKeyFromKeystore(
443                         KeyStore.getInstance(), keyId, KeyStore.UID_SELF);
444             } catch (RuntimeException | UnrecoverableKeyException e) {
445                 throw new KeyChainException(e);
446             }
447         }
448     }
449 
450     /**
451      * Returns the {@code X509Certificate} chain for the requested
452      * alias, or null if there is no result.
453      * <p>
454      * <strong>Note:</strong> If a certificate chain was explicitly specified when the alias was
455      * installed, this method will return that chain. If only the client certificate was specified
456      * at the installation time, this method will try to build a certificate chain using all
457      * available trust anchors (preinstalled and user-added).
458      *
459      * <p> This method may block while waiting for a connection to another process, and must never
460      * be called from the main thread.
461      * <p> As {@link Activity} and {@link Service} contexts are short-lived and can be destroyed
462      * at any time from the main thread, it is safer to rely on a long-lived context such as one
463      * returned from {@link Context#getApplicationContext()}.
464      *
465      * @param alias The alias of the desired certificate chain, typically
466      * returned via {@link KeyChainAliasCallback#alias}.
467      * @throws KeyChainException if the alias was valid but there was some problem accessing it.
468      * @throws IllegalStateException if called from the main thread.
469      */
470     @Nullable @WorkerThread
getCertificateChain(@onNull Context context, @NonNull String alias)471     public static X509Certificate[] getCertificateChain(@NonNull Context context,
472             @NonNull String alias) throws KeyChainException, InterruptedException {
473         if (alias == null) {
474             throw new NullPointerException("alias == null");
475         }
476 
477         final byte[] certificateBytes;
478         final byte[] certChainBytes;
479         try (KeyChainConnection keyChainConnection = bind(context.getApplicationContext())) {
480             IKeyChainService keyChainService = keyChainConnection.getService();
481             certificateBytes = keyChainService.getCertificate(alias);
482             if (certificateBytes == null) {
483                 return null;
484             }
485             certChainBytes = keyChainService.getCaCertificates(alias);
486         } catch (RemoteException e) {
487             throw new KeyChainException(e);
488         } catch (RuntimeException e) {
489             // only certain RuntimeExceptions can be propagated across the IKeyChainService call
490             throw new KeyChainException(e);
491         }
492 
493         try {
494             X509Certificate leafCert = toCertificate(certificateBytes);
495             // If the keypair is installed with a certificate chain by either
496             // DevicePolicyManager.installKeyPair or CertInstaller, return that chain.
497             if (certChainBytes != null && certChainBytes.length != 0) {
498                 Collection<X509Certificate> chain = toCertificates(certChainBytes);
499                 ArrayList<X509Certificate> fullChain = new ArrayList<>(chain.size() + 1);
500                 fullChain.add(leafCert);
501                 fullChain.addAll(chain);
502                 return fullChain.toArray(new X509Certificate[fullChain.size()]);
503             } else {
504                 // If there isn't a certificate chain, either due to a pre-existing keypair
505                 // installed before N, or no chain is explicitly installed under the new logic,
506                 // fall back to old behavior of constructing the chain from trusted credentials.
507                 //
508                 // This logic exists to maintain old behaviour for already installed keypair, at
509                 // the cost of potentially returning extra certificate chain for new clients who
510                 // explicitly installed only the client certificate without a chain. The latter
511                 // case is actually no different from pre-N behaviour of getCertificateChain(),
512                 // in that sense this change introduces no regression. Besides the returned chain
513                 // is still valid so the consumer of the chain should have no problem verifying it.
514                 TrustedCertificateStore store = new TrustedCertificateStore();
515                 List<X509Certificate> chain = store.getCertificateChain(leafCert);
516                 return chain.toArray(new X509Certificate[chain.size()]);
517             }
518         } catch (CertificateException | RuntimeException e) {
519             throw new KeyChainException(e);
520         }
521     }
522 
523     /**
524      * Returns {@code true} if the current device's {@code KeyChain} supports a
525      * specific {@code PrivateKey} type indicated by {@code algorithm} (e.g.,
526      * "RSA").
527      */
isKeyAlgorithmSupported( @onNull @eyProperties.KeyAlgorithmEnum String algorithm)528     public static boolean isKeyAlgorithmSupported(
529             @NonNull @KeyProperties.KeyAlgorithmEnum String algorithm) {
530         final String algUpper = algorithm.toUpperCase(Locale.US);
531         return KeyProperties.KEY_ALGORITHM_EC.equals(algUpper)
532                 || KeyProperties.KEY_ALGORITHM_RSA.equals(algUpper);
533     }
534 
535     /**
536      * Returns {@code true} if the current device's {@code KeyChain} binds any
537      * {@code PrivateKey} of the given {@code algorithm} to the device once
538      * imported or generated. This can be used to tell if there is special
539      * hardware support that can be used to bind keys to the device in a way
540      * that makes it non-exportable.
541      *
542      * @deprecated Whether the key is bound to the secure hardware is known only
543      * once the key has been imported. To find out, use:
544      * <pre>{@code
545      * PrivateKey key = ...; // private key from KeyChain
546      *
547      * KeyFactory keyFactory =
548      *     KeyFactory.getInstance(key.getAlgorithm(), "AndroidKeyStore");
549      * KeyInfo keyInfo = keyFactory.getKeySpec(key, KeyInfo.class);
550      * if (keyInfo.isInsideSecureHardware()) {
551      *     // The key is bound to the secure hardware of this Android
552      * }}</pre>
553      */
554     @Deprecated
isBoundKeyAlgorithm( @onNull @eyProperties.KeyAlgorithmEnum String algorithm)555     public static boolean isBoundKeyAlgorithm(
556             @NonNull @KeyProperties.KeyAlgorithmEnum String algorithm) {
557         if (!isKeyAlgorithmSupported(algorithm)) {
558             return false;
559         }
560 
561         return KeyStore.getInstance().isHardwareBacked(algorithm);
562     }
563 
564     /** @hide */
565     @NonNull
toCertificate(@onNull byte[] bytes)566     public static X509Certificate toCertificate(@NonNull byte[] bytes) {
567         if (bytes == null) {
568             throw new IllegalArgumentException("bytes == null");
569         }
570         try {
571             CertificateFactory certFactory = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
572             Certificate cert = certFactory.generateCertificate(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes));
573             return (X509Certificate) cert;
574         } catch (CertificateException e) {
575             throw new AssertionError(e);
576         }
577     }
578 
579     /** @hide */
580     @NonNull
toCertificates(@onNull byte[] bytes)581     public static Collection<X509Certificate> toCertificates(@NonNull byte[] bytes) {
582         if (bytes == null) {
583             throw new IllegalArgumentException("bytes == null");
584         }
585         try {
586             CertificateFactory certFactory = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
587             return (Collection<X509Certificate>) certFactory.generateCertificates(
588                     new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes));
589         } catch (CertificateException e) {
590             throw new AssertionError(e);
591         }
592     }
593 
594     /**
595      * @hide for reuse by CertInstaller and Settings.
596      * @see KeyChain#bind
597      */
598     public static class KeyChainConnection implements Closeable {
599         private final Context context;
600         private final ServiceConnection serviceConnection;
601         private final IKeyChainService service;
KeyChainConnection(Context context, ServiceConnection serviceConnection, IKeyChainService service)602         protected KeyChainConnection(Context context,
603                                      ServiceConnection serviceConnection,
604                                      IKeyChainService service) {
605             this.context = context;
606             this.serviceConnection = serviceConnection;
607             this.service = service;
608         }
close()609         @Override public void close() {
610             context.unbindService(serviceConnection);
611         }
getService()612         public IKeyChainService getService() {
613             return service;
614         }
615     }
616 
617     /**
618      * @hide for reuse by CertInstaller and Settings.
619      *
620      * Caller should call unbindService on the result when finished.
621      */
622     @WorkerThread
bind(@onNull Context context)623     public static KeyChainConnection bind(@NonNull Context context) throws InterruptedException {
624         return bindAsUser(context, Process.myUserHandle());
625     }
626 
627     /**
628      * @hide
629      */
630     @WorkerThread
bindAsUser(@onNull Context context, UserHandle user)631     public static KeyChainConnection bindAsUser(@NonNull Context context, UserHandle user)
632             throws InterruptedException {
633         if (context == null) {
634             throw new NullPointerException("context == null");
635         }
636         ensureNotOnMainThread(context);
637         final BlockingQueue<IKeyChainService> q = new LinkedBlockingQueue<IKeyChainService>(1);
638         ServiceConnection keyChainServiceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
639             volatile boolean mConnectedAtLeastOnce = false;
640             @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
641                 if (!mConnectedAtLeastOnce) {
642                     mConnectedAtLeastOnce = true;
643                     try {
644                         q.put(IKeyChainService.Stub.asInterface(Binder.allowBlocking(service)));
645                     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
646                         // will never happen, since the queue starts with one available slot
647                     }
648                 }
649             }
650             @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {}
651         };
652         Intent intent = new Intent(IKeyChainService.class.getName());
653         ComponentName comp = intent.resolveSystemService(context.getPackageManager(), 0);
654         intent.setComponent(comp);
655         if (comp == null || !context.bindServiceAsUser(
656                 intent, keyChainServiceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE, user)) {
657             throw new AssertionError("could not bind to KeyChainService");
658         }
659         return new KeyChainConnection(context, keyChainServiceConnection, q.take());
660     }
661 
ensureNotOnMainThread(@onNull Context context)662     private static void ensureNotOnMainThread(@NonNull Context context) {
663         Looper looper = Looper.myLooper();
664         if (looper != null && looper == context.getMainLooper()) {
665             throw new IllegalStateException(
666                     "calling this from your main thread can lead to deadlock");
667         }
668     }
669 }
670