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25 
26 package java.lang;
27 
28 import java.util.Arrays;
29 
30 /**
31  * A thread-safe, mutable sequence of characters.
32  * A string buffer is like a {@link String}, but can be modified. At any
33  * point in time it contains some particular sequence of characters, but
34  * the length and content of the sequence can be changed through certain
35  * method calls.
36  * <p>
37  * String buffers are safe for use by multiple threads. The methods
38  * are synchronized where necessary so that all the operations on any
39  * particular instance behave as if they occur in some serial order
40  * that is consistent with the order of the method calls made by each of
41  * the individual threads involved.
42  * <p>
43  * The principal operations on a {@code StringBuffer} are the
44  * {@code append} and {@code insert} methods, which are
45  * overloaded so as to accept data of any type. Each effectively
46  * converts a given datum to a string and then appends or inserts the
47  * characters of that string to the string buffer. The
48  * {@code append} method always adds these characters at the end
49  * of the buffer; the {@code insert} method adds the characters at
50  * a specified point.
51  * <p>
52  * For example, if {@code z} refers to a string buffer object
53  * whose current contents are {@code "start"}, then
54  * the method call {@code z.append("le")} would cause the string
55  * buffer to contain {@code "startle"}, whereas
56  * {@code z.insert(4, "le")} would alter the string buffer to
57  * contain {@code "starlet"}.
58  * <p>
59  * In general, if sb refers to an instance of a {@code StringBuffer},
60  * then {@code sb.append(x)} has the same effect as
61  * {@code sb.insert(sb.length(), x)}.
62  * <p>
63  * Whenever an operation occurs involving a source sequence (such as
64  * appending or inserting from a source sequence), this class synchronizes
65  * only on the string buffer performing the operation, not on the source.
66  * Note that while {@code StringBuffer} is designed to be safe to use
67  * concurrently from multiple threads, if the constructor or the
68  * {@code append} or {@code insert} operation is passed a source sequence
69  * that is shared across threads, the calling code must ensure
70  * that the operation has a consistent and unchanging view of the source
71  * sequence for the duration of the operation.
72  * This could be satisfied by the caller holding a lock during the
73  * operation's call, by using an immutable source sequence, or by not
74  * sharing the source sequence across threads.
75  * <p>
76  * Every string buffer has a capacity. As long as the length of the
77  * character sequence contained in the string buffer does not exceed
78  * the capacity, it is not necessary to allocate a new internal
79  * buffer array. If the internal buffer overflows, it is
80  * automatically made larger.
81  * <p>
82  * Unless otherwise noted, passing a {@code null} argument to a constructor
83  * or method in this class will cause a {@link NullPointerException} to be
84  * thrown.
85  * <p>
86  * As of  release JDK 5, this class has been supplemented with an equivalent
87  * class designed for use by a single thread, {@link StringBuilder}.  The
88  * {@code StringBuilder} class should generally be used in preference to
89  * this one, as it supports all of the same operations but it is faster, as
90  * it performs no synchronization.
91  *
92  * @author      Arthur van Hoff
93  * @see     java.lang.StringBuilder
94  * @see     java.lang.String
95  * @since   JDK1.0
96  */
97  public final class StringBuffer
98     extends AbstractStringBuilder
99     implements java.io.Serializable, CharSequence
100 {
101 
102     /**
103      * A cache of the last value returned by toString. Cleared
104      * whenever the StringBuffer is modified.
105      */
106     private transient char[] toStringCache;
107 
108     /** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.0.2 for interoperability */
109     static final long serialVersionUID = 3388685877147921107L;
110 
111     /**
112      * Constructs a string buffer with no characters in it and an
113      * initial capacity of 16 characters.
114      */
StringBuffer()115     public StringBuffer() {
116         super(16);
117     }
118 
119     /**
120      * Constructs a string buffer with no characters in it and
121      * the specified initial capacity.
122      *
123      * @param      capacity  the initial capacity.
124      * @exception  NegativeArraySizeException  if the {@code capacity}
125      *               argument is less than {@code 0}.
126      */
StringBuffer(int capacity)127     public StringBuffer(int capacity) {
128         super(capacity);
129     }
130 
131     /**
132      * Constructs a string buffer initialized to the contents of the
133      * specified string. The initial capacity of the string buffer is
134      * {@code 16} plus the length of the string argument.
135      *
136      * @param   str   the initial contents of the buffer.
137      */
StringBuffer(String str)138     public StringBuffer(String str) {
139         super(str.length() + 16);
140         append(str);
141     }
142 
143     /**
144      * Constructs a string buffer that contains the same characters
145      * as the specified {@code CharSequence}. The initial capacity of
146      * the string buffer is {@code 16} plus the length of the
147      * {@code CharSequence} argument.
148      * <p>
149      * If the length of the specified {@code CharSequence} is
150      * less than or equal to zero, then an empty buffer of capacity
151      * {@code 16} is returned.
152      *
153      * @param      seq   the sequence to copy.
154      * @since 1.5
155      */
StringBuffer(CharSequence seq)156     public StringBuffer(CharSequence seq) {
157         this(seq.length() + 16);
158         append(seq);
159     }
160 
161     @Override
length()162     public synchronized int length() {
163         return count;
164     }
165 
166     @Override
capacity()167     public synchronized int capacity() {
168         return value.length;
169     }
170 
171 
172     @Override
ensureCapacity(int minimumCapacity)173     public synchronized void ensureCapacity(int minimumCapacity) {
174         super.ensureCapacity(minimumCapacity);
175     }
176 
177     /**
178      * @since      1.5
179      */
180     @Override
trimToSize()181     public synchronized void trimToSize() {
182         super.trimToSize();
183     }
184 
185     /**
186      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
187      * @see        #length()
188      */
189     @Override
setLength(int newLength)190     public synchronized void setLength(int newLength) {
191         toStringCache = null;
192         super.setLength(newLength);
193     }
194 
195     /**
196      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
197      * @see        #length()
198      */
199     @Override
charAt(int index)200     public synchronized char charAt(int index) {
201         if ((index < 0) || (index >= count))
202             throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
203         return value[index];
204     }
205 
206     /**
207      * @since      1.5
208      */
209     @Override
codePointAt(int index)210     public synchronized int codePointAt(int index) {
211         return super.codePointAt(index);
212     }
213 
214     /**
215      * @since     1.5
216      */
217     @Override
codePointBefore(int index)218     public synchronized int codePointBefore(int index) {
219         return super.codePointBefore(index);
220     }
221 
222     /**
223      * @since     1.5
224      */
225     @Override
codePointCount(int beginIndex, int endIndex)226     public synchronized int codePointCount(int beginIndex, int endIndex) {
227         return super.codePointCount(beginIndex, endIndex);
228     }
229 
230     /**
231      * @since     1.5
232      */
233     @Override
offsetByCodePoints(int index, int codePointOffset)234     public synchronized int offsetByCodePoints(int index, int codePointOffset) {
235         return super.offsetByCodePoints(index, codePointOffset);
236     }
237 
238     /**
239      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
240      */
241     @Override
getChars(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char[] dst, int dstBegin)242     public synchronized void getChars(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char[] dst,
243                                       int dstBegin)
244     {
245         super.getChars(srcBegin, srcEnd, dst, dstBegin);
246     }
247 
248     /**
249      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
250      * @see        #length()
251      */
252     @Override
setCharAt(int index, char ch)253     public synchronized void setCharAt(int index, char ch) {
254         if ((index < 0) || (index >= count))
255             throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
256         toStringCache = null;
257         value[index] = ch;
258     }
259 
260     @Override
append(Object obj)261     public synchronized StringBuffer append(Object obj) {
262         toStringCache = null;
263         super.append(String.valueOf(obj));
264         return this;
265     }
266 
267     @Override
append(String str)268     public synchronized StringBuffer append(String str) {
269         toStringCache = null;
270         super.append(str);
271         return this;
272     }
273 
274     /**
275      * Appends the specified {@code StringBuffer} to this sequence.
276      * <p>
277      * The characters of the {@code StringBuffer} argument are appended,
278      * in order, to the contents of this {@code StringBuffer}, increasing the
279      * length of this {@code StringBuffer} by the length of the argument.
280      * If {@code sb} is {@code null}, then the four characters
281      * {@code "null"} are appended to this {@code StringBuffer}.
282      * <p>
283      * Let <i>n</i> be the length of the old character sequence, the one
284      * contained in the {@code StringBuffer} just prior to execution of the
285      * {@code append} method. Then the character at index <i>k</i> in
286      * the new character sequence is equal to the character at index <i>k</i>
287      * in the old character sequence, if <i>k</i> is less than <i>n</i>;
288      * otherwise, it is equal to the character at index <i>k-n</i> in the
289      * argument {@code sb}.
290      * <p>
291      * This method synchronizes on {@code this}, the destination
292      * object, but does not synchronize on the source ({@code sb}).
293      *
294      * @param   sb   the {@code StringBuffer} to append.
295      * @return  a reference to this object.
296      * @since 1.4
297      */
append(StringBuffer sb)298     public synchronized StringBuffer append(StringBuffer sb) {
299         toStringCache = null;
300         super.append(sb);
301         return this;
302     }
303 
304     /**
305      * @since 1.8
306      */
307     @Override
append(AbstractStringBuilder asb)308     synchronized StringBuffer append(AbstractStringBuilder asb) {
309         toStringCache = null;
310         super.append(asb);
311         return this;
312     }
313 
314     /**
315      * Appends the specified {@code CharSequence} to this
316      * sequence.
317      * <p>
318      * The characters of the {@code CharSequence} argument are appended,
319      * in order, increasing the length of this sequence by the length of the
320      * argument.
321      *
322      * <p>The result of this method is exactly the same as if it were an
323      * invocation of this.append(s, 0, s.length());
324      *
325      * <p>This method synchronizes on {@code this}, the destination
326      * object, but does not synchronize on the source ({@code s}).
327      *
328      * <p>If {@code s} is {@code null}, then the four characters
329      * {@code "null"} are appended.
330      *
331      * @param   s the {@code CharSequence} to append.
332      * @return  a reference to this object.
333      * @since 1.5
334      */
335     @Override
append(CharSequence s)336     public synchronized StringBuffer append(CharSequence s) {
337         toStringCache = null;
338         super.append(s);
339         return this;
340     }
341 
342     /**
343      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
344      * @since      1.5
345      */
346     @Override
append(CharSequence s, int start, int end)347     public synchronized StringBuffer append(CharSequence s, int start, int end)
348     {
349         toStringCache = null;
350         super.append(s, start, end);
351         return this;
352     }
353 
354     @Override
append(char[] str)355     public synchronized StringBuffer append(char[] str) {
356         toStringCache = null;
357         super.append(str);
358         return this;
359     }
360 
361     /**
362      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
363      */
364     @Override
append(char[] str, int offset, int len)365     public synchronized StringBuffer append(char[] str, int offset, int len) {
366         toStringCache = null;
367         super.append(str, offset, len);
368         return this;
369     }
370 
371     @Override
append(boolean b)372     public synchronized StringBuffer append(boolean b) {
373         toStringCache = null;
374         super.append(b);
375         return this;
376     }
377 
378     @Override
append(char c)379     public synchronized StringBuffer append(char c) {
380         toStringCache = null;
381         super.append(c);
382         return this;
383     }
384 
385     @Override
append(int i)386     public synchronized StringBuffer append(int i) {
387         toStringCache = null;
388         super.append(i);
389         return this;
390     }
391 
392     /**
393      * @since 1.5
394      */
395     @Override
appendCodePoint(int codePoint)396     public synchronized StringBuffer appendCodePoint(int codePoint) {
397         toStringCache = null;
398         super.appendCodePoint(codePoint);
399         return this;
400     }
401 
402     @Override
append(long lng)403     public synchronized StringBuffer append(long lng) {
404         toStringCache = null;
405         super.append(lng);
406         return this;
407     }
408 
409     @Override
append(float f)410     public synchronized StringBuffer append(float f) {
411         toStringCache = null;
412         super.append(f);
413         return this;
414     }
415 
416     @Override
append(double d)417     public synchronized StringBuffer append(double d) {
418         toStringCache = null;
419         super.append(d);
420         return this;
421     }
422 
423     /**
424      * @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
425      * @since      1.2
426      */
427     @Override
delete(int start, int end)428     public synchronized StringBuffer delete(int start, int end) {
429         toStringCache = null;
430         super.delete(start, end);
431         return this;
432     }
433 
434     /**
435      * @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
436      * @since      1.2
437      */
438     @Override
deleteCharAt(int index)439     public synchronized StringBuffer deleteCharAt(int index) {
440         toStringCache = null;
441         super.deleteCharAt(index);
442         return this;
443     }
444 
445     /**
446      * @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
447      * @since      1.2
448      */
449     @Override
replace(int start, int end, String str)450     public synchronized StringBuffer replace(int start, int end, String str) {
451         toStringCache = null;
452         super.replace(start, end, str);
453         return this;
454     }
455 
456     /**
457      * @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
458      * @since      1.2
459      */
460     @Override
substring(int start)461     public synchronized String substring(int start) {
462         return substring(start, count);
463     }
464 
465     /**
466      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
467      * @since      1.4
468      */
469     @Override
subSequence(int start, int end)470     public synchronized CharSequence subSequence(int start, int end) {
471         return super.substring(start, end);
472     }
473 
474     /**
475      * @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
476      * @since      1.2
477      */
478     @Override
substring(int start, int end)479     public synchronized String substring(int start, int end) {
480         return super.substring(start, end);
481     }
482 
483     /**
484      * @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
485      * @since      1.2
486      */
487     @Override
insert(int index, char[] str, int offset, int len)488     public synchronized StringBuffer insert(int index, char[] str, int offset,
489                                             int len)
490     {
491         toStringCache = null;
492         super.insert(index, str, offset, len);
493         return this;
494     }
495 
496     /**
497      * @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
498      */
499     @Override
insert(int offset, Object obj)500     public synchronized StringBuffer insert(int offset, Object obj) {
501         toStringCache = null;
502         super.insert(offset, String.valueOf(obj));
503         return this;
504     }
505 
506     /**
507      * @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
508      */
509     @Override
insert(int offset, String str)510     public synchronized StringBuffer insert(int offset, String str) {
511         toStringCache = null;
512         super.insert(offset, str);
513         return this;
514     }
515 
516     /**
517      * @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
518      */
519     @Override
insert(int offset, char[] str)520     public synchronized StringBuffer insert(int offset, char[] str) {
521         toStringCache = null;
522         super.insert(offset, str);
523         return this;
524     }
525 
526     /**
527      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
528      * @since      1.5
529      */
530     @Override
insert(int dstOffset, CharSequence s)531     public StringBuffer insert(int dstOffset, CharSequence s) {
532         // Note, synchronization achieved via invocations of other StringBuffer methods
533         // after narrowing of s to specific type
534         // Ditto for toStringCache clearing
535         super.insert(dstOffset, s);
536         return this;
537     }
538 
539     /**
540      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
541      * @since      1.5
542      */
543     @Override
insert(int dstOffset, CharSequence s, int start, int end)544     public synchronized StringBuffer insert(int dstOffset, CharSequence s,
545             int start, int end)
546     {
547         toStringCache = null;
548         super.insert(dstOffset, s, start, end);
549         return this;
550     }
551 
552     /**
553      * @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
554      */
555     @Override
insert(int offset, boolean b)556     public  StringBuffer insert(int offset, boolean b) {
557         // Note, synchronization achieved via invocation of StringBuffer insert(int, String)
558         // after conversion of b to String by super class method
559         // Ditto for toStringCache clearing
560         super.insert(offset, b);
561         return this;
562     }
563 
564     /**
565      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
566      */
567     @Override
insert(int offset, char c)568     public synchronized StringBuffer insert(int offset, char c) {
569         toStringCache = null;
570         super.insert(offset, c);
571         return this;
572     }
573 
574     /**
575      * @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
576      */
577     @Override
insert(int offset, int i)578     public StringBuffer insert(int offset, int i) {
579         // Note, synchronization achieved via invocation of StringBuffer insert(int, String)
580         // after conversion of i to String by super class method
581         // Ditto for toStringCache clearing
582         super.insert(offset, i);
583         return this;
584     }
585 
586     /**
587      * @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
588      */
589     @Override
insert(int offset, long l)590     public StringBuffer insert(int offset, long l) {
591         // Note, synchronization achieved via invocation of StringBuffer insert(int, String)
592         // after conversion of l to String by super class method
593         // Ditto for toStringCache clearing
594         super.insert(offset, l);
595         return this;
596     }
597 
598     /**
599      * @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
600      */
601     @Override
insert(int offset, float f)602     public StringBuffer insert(int offset, float f) {
603         // Note, synchronization achieved via invocation of StringBuffer insert(int, String)
604         // after conversion of f to String by super class method
605         // Ditto for toStringCache clearing
606         super.insert(offset, f);
607         return this;
608     }
609 
610     /**
611      * @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
612      */
613     @Override
insert(int offset, double d)614     public StringBuffer insert(int offset, double d) {
615         // Note, synchronization achieved via invocation of StringBuffer insert(int, String)
616         // after conversion of d to String by super class method
617         // Ditto for toStringCache clearing
618         super.insert(offset, d);
619         return this;
620     }
621 
622     /**
623      * @since      1.4
624      */
625     @Override
indexOf(String str)626     public int indexOf(String str) {
627         // Note, synchronization achieved via invocations of other StringBuffer methods
628         return super.indexOf(str);
629     }
630 
631     /**
632      * @since      1.4
633      */
634     @Override
indexOf(String str, int fromIndex)635     public synchronized int indexOf(String str, int fromIndex) {
636         return super.indexOf(str, fromIndex);
637     }
638 
639     /**
640      * @since      1.4
641      */
642     @Override
lastIndexOf(String str)643     public int lastIndexOf(String str) {
644         // Note, synchronization achieved via invocations of other StringBuffer methods
645         return lastIndexOf(str, count);
646     }
647 
648     /**
649      * @since      1.4
650      */
651     @Override
lastIndexOf(String str, int fromIndex)652     public synchronized int lastIndexOf(String str, int fromIndex) {
653         return super.lastIndexOf(str, fromIndex);
654     }
655 
656     /**
657      * @since   JDK1.0.2
658      */
659     @Override
reverse()660     public synchronized StringBuffer reverse() {
661         toStringCache = null;
662         super.reverse();
663         return this;
664     }
665 
666     @Override
toString()667     public synchronized String toString() {
668         if (toStringCache == null) {
669             toStringCache = Arrays.copyOfRange(value, 0, count);
670         }
671         return new String(toStringCache, 0, count);
672     }
673 
674     /**
675      * Serializable fields for StringBuffer.
676      *
677      * @serialField value  char[]
678      *              The backing character array of this StringBuffer.
679      * @serialField count int
680      *              The number of characters in this StringBuffer.
681      * @serialField shared  boolean
682      *              A flag indicating whether the backing array is shared.
683      *              The value is ignored upon deserialization.
684      */
685     private static final java.io.ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields =
686     {
687         new java.io.ObjectStreamField("value", char[].class),
688         new java.io.ObjectStreamField("count", Integer.TYPE),
689         new java.io.ObjectStreamField("shared", Boolean.TYPE),
690     };
691 
692     /**
693      * readObject is called to restore the state of the StringBuffer from
694      * a stream.
695      */
writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)696     private synchronized void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
697         throws java.io.IOException {
698         java.io.ObjectOutputStream.PutField fields = s.putFields();
699         fields.put("value", value);
700         fields.put("count", count);
701         fields.put("shared", false);
702         s.writeFields();
703     }
704 
705     /**
706      * readObject is called to restore the state of the StringBuffer from
707      * a stream.
708      */
readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)709     private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
710         throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
711         java.io.ObjectInputStream.GetField fields = s.readFields();
712         value = (char[])fields.get("value", null);
713         count = fields.get("count", 0);
714     }
715 }
716