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25 
26 package java.net;
27 
28 import java.io.IOException;
29 import java.util.Enumeration;
30 
31 /**
32  * The multicast datagram socket class is useful for sending
33  * and receiving IP multicast packets.  A MulticastSocket is
34  * a (UDP) DatagramSocket, with additional capabilities for
35  * joining "groups" of other multicast hosts on the internet.
36  * <P>
37  * A multicast group is specified by a class D IP address
38  * and by a standard UDP port number. Class D IP addresses
39  * are in the range <CODE>224.0.0.0</CODE> to <CODE>239.255.255.255</CODE>,
40  * inclusive. The address 224.0.0.0 is reserved and should not be used.
41  * <P>
42  * One would join a multicast group by first creating a MulticastSocket
43  * with the desired port, then invoking the
44  * <CODE>joinGroup(InetAddress groupAddr)</CODE>
45  * method:
46  * <PRE>
47  * // join a Multicast group and send the group salutations
48  * ...
49  * String msg = "Hello";
50  * InetAddress group = InetAddress.getByName("228.5.6.7");
51  * MulticastSocket s = new MulticastSocket(6789);
52  * s.joinGroup(group);
53  * DatagramPacket hi = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), msg.length(),
54  *                             group, 6789);
55  * s.send(hi);
56  * // get their responses!
57  * byte[] buf = new byte[1000];
58  * DatagramPacket recv = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length);
59  * s.receive(recv);
60  * ...
61  * // OK, I'm done talking - leave the group...
62  * s.leaveGroup(group);
63  * </PRE>
64  *
65  * When one sends a message to a multicast group, <B>all</B> subscribing
66  * recipients to that host and port receive the message (within the
67  * time-to-live range of the packet, see below).  The socket needn't
68  * be a member of the multicast group to send messages to it.
69  * <P>
70  * When a socket subscribes to a multicast group/port, it receives
71  * datagrams sent by other hosts to the group/port, as do all other
72  * members of the group and port.  A socket relinquishes membership
73  * in a group by the leaveGroup(InetAddress addr) method.  <B>
74  * Multiple MulticastSocket's</B> may subscribe to a multicast group
75  * and port concurrently, and they will all receive group datagrams.
76  * <P>
77  * Currently applets are not allowed to use multicast sockets.
78  *
79  * @author Pavani Diwanji
80  * @since  JDK1.1
81  */
82 public
83 class MulticastSocket extends DatagramSocket {
84 
85     /**
86      * Used on some platforms to record if an outgoing interface
87      * has been set for this socket.
88      */
89     private boolean interfaceSet;
90 
91     /**
92      * Create a multicast socket.
93      *
94      * <p>If there is a security manager,
95      * its {@code checkListen} method is first called
96      * with 0 as its argument to ensure the operation is allowed.
97      * This could result in a SecurityException.
98      * <p>
99      * When the socket is created the
100      * {@link DatagramSocket#setReuseAddress(boolean)} method is
101      * called to enable the SO_REUSEADDR socket option.
102      *
103      * @exception IOException if an I/O exception occurs
104      * while creating the MulticastSocket
105      * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
106      *             {@code checkListen} method doesn't allow the operation.
107      * @see SecurityManager#checkListen
108      * @see java.net.DatagramSocket#setReuseAddress(boolean)
109      */
MulticastSocket()110     public MulticastSocket() throws IOException {
111         this(new InetSocketAddress(0));
112     }
113 
114     /**
115      * Create a multicast socket and bind it to a specific port.
116      *
117      * <p>If there is a security manager,
118      * its {@code checkListen} method is first called
119      * with the {@code port} argument
120      * as its argument to ensure the operation is allowed.
121      * This could result in a SecurityException.
122      * <p>
123      * When the socket is created the
124      * {@link DatagramSocket#setReuseAddress(boolean)} method is
125      * called to enable the SO_REUSEADDR socket option.
126      *
127      * @param port port to use
128      * @exception IOException if an I/O exception occurs
129      * while creating the MulticastSocket
130      * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
131      *             {@code checkListen} method doesn't allow the operation.
132      * @see SecurityManager#checkListen
133      * @see java.net.DatagramSocket#setReuseAddress(boolean)
134      */
MulticastSocket(int port)135     public MulticastSocket(int port) throws IOException {
136         this(new InetSocketAddress(port));
137     }
138 
139     /**
140      * Create a MulticastSocket bound to the specified socket address.
141      * <p>
142      * Or, if the address is {@code null}, create an unbound socket.
143      *
144      * <p>If there is a security manager,
145      * its {@code checkListen} method is first called
146      * with the SocketAddress port as its argument to ensure the operation is allowed.
147      * This could result in a SecurityException.
148      * <p>
149      * When the socket is created the
150      * {@link DatagramSocket#setReuseAddress(boolean)} method is
151      * called to enable the SO_REUSEADDR socket option.
152      *
153      * @param bindaddr Socket address to bind to, or {@code null} for
154      *                 an unbound socket.
155      * @exception IOException if an I/O exception occurs
156      * while creating the MulticastSocket
157      * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
158      *             {@code checkListen} method doesn't allow the operation.
159      * @see SecurityManager#checkListen
160      * @see java.net.DatagramSocket#setReuseAddress(boolean)
161      *
162      * @since 1.4
163      */
MulticastSocket(SocketAddress bindaddr)164     public MulticastSocket(SocketAddress bindaddr) throws IOException {
165         super((SocketAddress) null);
166 
167         // Enable SO_REUSEADDR before binding
168         setReuseAddress(true);
169 
170         if (bindaddr != null) {
171             try {
172                 bind(bindaddr);
173             } finally {
174                 if (!isBound())
175                     close();
176             }
177         }
178     }
179 
180     /**
181      * The lock on the socket's TTL. This is for set/getTTL and
182      * send(packet,ttl).
183      */
184     private Object ttlLock = new Object();
185 
186     /**
187      * The lock on the socket's interface - used by setInterface
188      * and getInterface
189      */
190     private Object infLock = new Object();
191 
192     /**
193      * The "last" interface set by setInterface on this MulticastSocket
194      */
195     private InetAddress infAddress = null;
196 
197 
198     /**
199      * Set the default time-to-live for multicast packets sent out
200      * on this {@code MulticastSocket} in order to control the
201      * scope of the multicasts.
202      *
203      * <p>The ttl is an <b>unsigned</b> 8-bit quantity, and so <B>must</B> be
204      * in the range {@code 0 <= ttl <= 0xFF }.
205      *
206      * @param ttl the time-to-live
207      * @exception IOException if an I/O exception occurs
208      * while setting the default time-to-live value
209      * @deprecated use the setTimeToLive method instead, which uses
210      * <b>int</b> instead of <b>byte</b> as the type for ttl.
211      * @see #getTTL()
212      */
213     @Deprecated
setTTL(byte ttl)214     public void setTTL(byte ttl) throws IOException {
215         if (isClosed())
216             throw new SocketException("Socket is closed");
217         getImpl().setTTL(ttl);
218     }
219 
220     /**
221      * Set the default time-to-live for multicast packets sent out
222      * on this {@code MulticastSocket} in order to control the
223      * scope of the multicasts.
224      *
225      * <P> The ttl <B>must</B> be in the range {@code  0 <= ttl <=
226      * 255} or an {@code IllegalArgumentException} will be thrown.
227      * Multicast packets sent with a TTL of {@code 0} are not transmitted
228      * on the network but may be delivered locally.
229      *
230      * @param  ttl
231      *         the time-to-live
232      *
233      * @throws  IOException
234      *          if an I/O exception occurs while setting the
235      *          default time-to-live value
236      *
237      * @see #getTimeToLive()
238      */
setTimeToLive(int ttl)239     public void setTimeToLive(int ttl) throws IOException {
240         if (ttl < 0 || ttl > 255) {
241             throw new IllegalArgumentException("ttl out of range");
242         }
243         if (isClosed())
244             throw new SocketException("Socket is closed");
245         getImpl().setTimeToLive(ttl);
246     }
247 
248     /**
249      * Get the default time-to-live for multicast packets sent out on
250      * the socket.
251      *
252      * @exception IOException if an I/O exception occurs
253      * while getting the default time-to-live value
254      * @return the default time-to-live value
255      * @deprecated use the getTimeToLive method instead, which returns
256      * an <b>int</b> instead of a <b>byte</b>.
257      * @see #setTTL(byte)
258      */
259     @Deprecated
getTTL()260     public byte getTTL() throws IOException {
261         if (isClosed())
262             throw new SocketException("Socket is closed");
263         return getImpl().getTTL();
264     }
265 
266     /**
267      * Get the default time-to-live for multicast packets sent out on
268      * the socket.
269      * @exception IOException if an I/O exception occurs while
270      * getting the default time-to-live value
271      * @return the default time-to-live value
272      * @see #setTimeToLive(int)
273      */
getTimeToLive()274     public int getTimeToLive() throws IOException {
275         if (isClosed())
276             throw new SocketException("Socket is closed");
277         return getImpl().getTimeToLive();
278     }
279 
280     /**
281      * Joins a multicast group. Its behavior may be affected by
282      * {@code setInterface} or {@code setNetworkInterface}.
283      *
284      * <p>If there is a security manager, this method first
285      * calls its {@code checkMulticast} method
286      * with the {@code mcastaddr} argument
287      * as its argument.
288      *
289      * @param mcastaddr is the multicast address to join
290      *
291      * @exception IOException if there is an error joining
292      * or when the address is not a multicast address.
293      * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
294      * {@code checkMulticast} method doesn't allow the join.
295      *
296      * @see SecurityManager#checkMulticast(InetAddress)
297      */
joinGroup(InetAddress mcastaddr)298     public void joinGroup(InetAddress mcastaddr) throws IOException {
299         if (isClosed()) {
300             throw new SocketException("Socket is closed");
301         }
302 
303         checkAddress(mcastaddr, "joinGroup");
304         SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
305         if (security != null) {
306             security.checkMulticast(mcastaddr);
307         }
308 
309         if (!mcastaddr.isMulticastAddress()) {
310             throw new SocketException("Not a multicast address");
311         }
312 
313         /**
314          * required for some platforms where it's not possible to join
315          * a group without setting the interface first.
316          */
317         NetworkInterface defaultInterface = NetworkInterface.getDefault();
318 
319         if (!interfaceSet && defaultInterface != null) {
320             setNetworkInterface(defaultInterface);
321         }
322 
323         getImpl().join(mcastaddr);
324     }
325 
326     /**
327      * Leave a multicast group. Its behavior may be affected by
328      * {@code setInterface} or {@code setNetworkInterface}.
329      *
330      * <p>If there is a security manager, this method first
331      * calls its {@code checkMulticast} method
332      * with the {@code mcastaddr} argument
333      * as its argument.
334      *
335      * @param mcastaddr is the multicast address to leave
336      * @exception IOException if there is an error leaving
337      * or when the address is not a multicast address.
338      * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
339      * {@code checkMulticast} method doesn't allow the operation.
340      *
341      * @see SecurityManager#checkMulticast(InetAddress)
342      */
leaveGroup(InetAddress mcastaddr)343     public void leaveGroup(InetAddress mcastaddr) throws IOException {
344         if (isClosed()) {
345             throw new SocketException("Socket is closed");
346         }
347 
348         checkAddress(mcastaddr, "leaveGroup");
349         SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
350         if (security != null) {
351             security.checkMulticast(mcastaddr);
352         }
353 
354         if (!mcastaddr.isMulticastAddress()) {
355             throw new SocketException("Not a multicast address");
356         }
357 
358         getImpl().leave(mcastaddr);
359     }
360 
361     /**
362      * Joins the specified multicast group at the specified interface.
363      *
364      * <p>If there is a security manager, this method first
365      * calls its {@code checkMulticast} method
366      * with the {@code mcastaddr} argument
367      * as its argument.
368      *
369      * @param mcastaddr is the multicast address to join
370      * @param netIf specifies the local interface to receive multicast
371      *        datagram packets, or <i>null</i> to defer to the interface set by
372      *       {@link MulticastSocket#setInterface(InetAddress)} or
373      *       {@link MulticastSocket#setNetworkInterface(NetworkInterface)}
374      *
375      * @exception IOException if there is an error joining
376      * or when the address is not a multicast address.
377      * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
378      * {@code checkMulticast} method doesn't allow the join.
379      * @throws  IllegalArgumentException if mcastaddr is null or is a
380      *          SocketAddress subclass not supported by this socket
381      *
382      * @see SecurityManager#checkMulticast(InetAddress)
383      * @since 1.4
384      */
joinGroup(SocketAddress mcastaddr, NetworkInterface netIf)385     public void joinGroup(SocketAddress mcastaddr, NetworkInterface netIf)
386         throws IOException {
387         if (isClosed())
388             throw new SocketException("Socket is closed");
389 
390         if (mcastaddr == null || !(mcastaddr instanceof InetSocketAddress))
391             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported address type");
392 
393         if (oldImpl)
394             throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
395 
396         checkAddress(((InetSocketAddress)mcastaddr).getAddress(), "joinGroup");
397         SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
398         if (security != null) {
399             security.checkMulticast(((InetSocketAddress)mcastaddr).getAddress());
400         }
401 
402         if (!((InetSocketAddress)mcastaddr).getAddress().isMulticastAddress()) {
403             throw new SocketException("Not a multicast address");
404         }
405 
406         getImpl().joinGroup(mcastaddr, netIf);
407     }
408 
409     /**
410      * Leave a multicast group on a specified local interface.
411      *
412      * <p>If there is a security manager, this method first
413      * calls its {@code checkMulticast} method
414      * with the {@code mcastaddr} argument
415      * as its argument.
416      *
417      * @param mcastaddr is the multicast address to leave
418      * @param netIf specifies the local interface or <i>null</i> to defer
419      *             to the interface set by
420      *             {@link MulticastSocket#setInterface(InetAddress)} or
421      *             {@link MulticastSocket#setNetworkInterface(NetworkInterface)}
422      * @exception IOException if there is an error leaving
423      * or when the address is not a multicast address.
424      * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
425      * {@code checkMulticast} method doesn't allow the operation.
426      * @throws  IllegalArgumentException if mcastaddr is null or is a
427      *          SocketAddress subclass not supported by this socket
428      *
429      * @see SecurityManager#checkMulticast(InetAddress)
430      * @since 1.4
431      */
leaveGroup(SocketAddress mcastaddr, NetworkInterface netIf)432     public void leaveGroup(SocketAddress mcastaddr, NetworkInterface netIf)
433         throws IOException {
434         if (isClosed())
435             throw new SocketException("Socket is closed");
436 
437         if (mcastaddr == null || !(mcastaddr instanceof InetSocketAddress))
438             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported address type");
439 
440         if (oldImpl)
441             throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
442 
443         checkAddress(((InetSocketAddress)mcastaddr).getAddress(), "leaveGroup");
444         SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
445         if (security != null) {
446             security.checkMulticast(((InetSocketAddress)mcastaddr).getAddress());
447         }
448 
449         if (!((InetSocketAddress)mcastaddr).getAddress().isMulticastAddress()) {
450             throw new SocketException("Not a multicast address");
451         }
452 
453         getImpl().leaveGroup(mcastaddr, netIf);
454      }
455 
456     /**
457      * Set the multicast network interface used by methods
458      * whose behavior would be affected by the value of the
459      * network interface. Useful for multihomed hosts.
460      * @param inf the InetAddress
461      * @exception SocketException if there is an error in
462      * the underlying protocol, such as a TCP error.
463      * @see #getInterface()
464      */
setInterface(InetAddress inf)465     public void setInterface(InetAddress inf) throws SocketException {
466         if (isClosed()) {
467             throw new SocketException("Socket is closed");
468         }
469         checkAddress(inf, "setInterface");
470         synchronized (infLock) {
471             getImpl().setOption(SocketOptions.IP_MULTICAST_IF, inf);
472             infAddress = inf;
473             interfaceSet = true;
474         }
475     }
476 
477     /**
478      * Retrieve the address of the network interface used for
479      * multicast packets.
480      *
481      * @return An {@code InetAddress} representing
482      *  the address of the network interface used for
483      *  multicast packets.
484      *
485      * @exception SocketException if there is an error in
486      * the underlying protocol, such as a TCP error.
487      *
488      * @see #setInterface(java.net.InetAddress)
489      */
getInterface()490     public InetAddress getInterface() throws SocketException {
491         if (isClosed()) {
492             throw new SocketException("Socket is closed");
493         }
494         synchronized (infLock) {
495             InetAddress ia =
496                 (InetAddress)getImpl().getOption(SocketOptions.IP_MULTICAST_IF);
497 
498             /**
499              * No previous setInterface or interface can be
500              * set using setNetworkInterface
501              */
502             if (infAddress == null) {
503                 return ia;
504             }
505 
506             /**
507              * Same interface set with setInterface?
508              */
509             if (ia.equals(infAddress)) {
510                 return ia;
511             }
512 
513             /**
514              * Different InetAddress from what we set with setInterface
515              * so enumerate the current interface to see if the
516              * address set by setInterface is bound to this interface.
517              */
518             try {
519                 NetworkInterface ni = NetworkInterface.getByInetAddress(ia);
520                 Enumeration<InetAddress> addrs = ni.getInetAddresses();
521                 while (addrs.hasMoreElements()) {
522                     InetAddress addr = addrs.nextElement();
523                     if (addr.equals(infAddress)) {
524                         return infAddress;
525                     }
526                 }
527 
528                 /**
529                  * No match so reset infAddress to indicate that the
530                  * interface has changed via means
531                  */
532                 infAddress = null;
533                 return ia;
534             } catch (Exception e) {
535                 return ia;
536             }
537         }
538     }
539 
540     /**
541      * Specify the network interface for outgoing multicast datagrams
542      * sent on this socket.
543      *
544      * @param netIf the interface
545      * @exception SocketException if there is an error in
546      * the underlying protocol, such as a TCP error.
547      * @see #getNetworkInterface()
548      * @since 1.4
549      */
setNetworkInterface(NetworkInterface netIf)550     public void setNetworkInterface(NetworkInterface netIf)
551         throws SocketException {
552 
553         synchronized (infLock) {
554             getImpl().setOption(SocketOptions.IP_MULTICAST_IF2, netIf);
555             infAddress = null;
556             interfaceSet = true;
557         }
558     }
559 
560     /**
561      * Get the multicast network interface set.
562      *
563      * @exception SocketException if there is an error in
564      * the underlying protocol, such as a TCP error.
565      * @return the multicast {@code NetworkInterface} currently set
566      * @see #setNetworkInterface(NetworkInterface)
567      * @since 1.4
568      */
getNetworkInterface()569     public NetworkInterface getNetworkInterface() throws SocketException {
570         Integer niIndex
571             = (Integer)getImpl().getOption(SocketOptions.IP_MULTICAST_IF2);
572         if (niIndex == 0) {
573             InetAddress[] addrs = new InetAddress[1];
574             addrs[0] = InetAddress.anyLocalAddress();
575             return new NetworkInterface(addrs[0].getHostName(), 0, addrs);
576         } else {
577             return NetworkInterface.getByIndex(niIndex);
578         }
579     }
580 
581     /**
582      * Disable/Enable local loopback of multicast datagrams
583      * The option is used by the platform's networking code as a hint
584      * for setting whether multicast data will be looped back to
585      * the local socket.
586      *
587      * <p>Because this option is a hint, applications that want to
588      * verify what loopback mode is set to should call
589      * {@link #getLoopbackMode()}
590      * @param disable {@code true} to disable the LoopbackMode
591      * @throws SocketException if an error occurs while setting the value
592      * @since 1.4
593      * @see #getLoopbackMode
594      */
setLoopbackMode(boolean disable)595     public void setLoopbackMode(boolean disable) throws SocketException {
596         getImpl().setOption(SocketOptions.IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, Boolean.valueOf(disable));
597     }
598 
599     /**
600      * Get the setting for local loopback of multicast datagrams.
601      *
602      * @throws SocketException  if an error occurs while getting the value
603      * @return true if the LoopbackMode has been disabled
604      * @since 1.4
605      * @see #setLoopbackMode
606      */
getLoopbackMode()607     public boolean getLoopbackMode() throws SocketException {
608         return ((Boolean)getImpl().getOption(SocketOptions.IP_MULTICAST_LOOP)).booleanValue();
609     }
610 
611     /**
612      * Sends a datagram packet to the destination, with a TTL (time-
613      * to-live) other than the default for the socket.  This method
614      * need only be used in instances where a particular TTL is desired;
615      * otherwise it is preferable to set a TTL once on the socket, and
616      * use that default TTL for all packets.  This method does <B>not
617      * </B> alter the default TTL for the socket. Its behavior may be
618      * affected by {@code setInterface}.
619      *
620      * <p>If there is a security manager, this method first performs some
621      * security checks. First, if {@code p.getAddress().isMulticastAddress()}
622      * is true, this method calls the
623      * security manager's {@code checkMulticast} method
624      * with {@code p.getAddress()} and {@code ttl} as its arguments.
625      * If the evaluation of that expression is false,
626      * this method instead calls the security manager's
627      * {@code checkConnect} method with arguments
628      * {@code p.getAddress().getHostAddress()} and
629      * {@code p.getPort()}. Each call to a security manager method
630      * could result in a SecurityException if the operation is not allowed.
631      *
632      * @param p is the packet to be sent. The packet should contain
633      * the destination multicast ip address and the data to be sent.
634      * One does not need to be the member of the group to send
635      * packets to a destination multicast address.
636      * @param ttl optional time to live for multicast packet.
637      * default ttl is 1.
638      *
639      * @exception IOException is raised if an error occurs i.e
640      * error while setting ttl.
641      * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
642      *             {@code checkMulticast} or {@code checkConnect}
643      *             method doesn't allow the send.
644      *
645      * @deprecated Use the following code or its equivalent instead:
646      *  ......
647      *  int ttl = mcastSocket.getTimeToLive();
648      *  mcastSocket.setTimeToLive(newttl);
649      *  mcastSocket.send(p);
650      *  mcastSocket.setTimeToLive(ttl);
651      *  ......
652      *
653      * @see DatagramSocket#send
654      * @see DatagramSocket#receive
655      * @see SecurityManager#checkMulticast(java.net.InetAddress, byte)
656      * @see SecurityManager#checkConnect
657      */
658     @Deprecated
send(DatagramPacket p, byte ttl)659     public void send(DatagramPacket p, byte ttl)
660         throws IOException {
661             if (isClosed())
662                 throw new SocketException("Socket is closed");
663             checkAddress(p.getAddress(), "send");
664             synchronized(ttlLock) {
665                 synchronized(p) {
666                     if (connectState == ST_NOT_CONNECTED) {
667                         // Security manager makes sure that the multicast address
668                         // is allowed one and that the ttl used is less
669                         // than the allowed maxttl.
670                         SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
671                         if (security != null) {
672                             if (p.getAddress().isMulticastAddress()) {
673                                 security.checkMulticast(p.getAddress(), ttl);
674                             } else {
675                                 security.checkConnect(p.getAddress().getHostAddress(),
676                                                       p.getPort());
677                             }
678                         }
679                     } else {
680                         // we're connected
681                         InetAddress packetAddress = null;
682                         packetAddress = p.getAddress();
683                         if (packetAddress == null) {
684                             p.setAddress(connectedAddress);
685                             p.setPort(connectedPort);
686                         } else if ((!packetAddress.equals(connectedAddress)) ||
687                                    p.getPort() != connectedPort) {
688                             throw new SecurityException("connected address and packet address" +
689                                                         " differ");
690                         }
691                     }
692                     byte dttl = getTTL();
693                     try {
694                         if (ttl != dttl) {
695                             // set the ttl
696                             getImpl().setTTL(ttl);
697                         }
698                         // call the datagram method to send
699                         getImpl().send(p);
700                     } finally {
701                         // set it back to default
702                         if (ttl != dttl) {
703                             getImpl().setTTL(dttl);
704                         }
705                     }
706                 } // synch p
707             }  //synch ttl
708     } //method
709 }
710