1 /*
2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
3 * All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 * are met:
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
13 * distribution.
14 *
15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
26 */
27
28 #ifndef lint
29 static const char rcsid[] =
30 "$FreeBSD: src/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.c,v 1.33 2009/04/11 14:56:29 ed Exp $";
31 #endif /* not lint */
32
33 #include <sys/param.h>
34
35 #ifndef ANDROID
36 #include <sys/fdcio.h>
37 #include <sys/disk.h>
38 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
39 #include <sys/mount.h>
40 #else
41 #include <stdarg.h>
42 #include <linux/fs.h>
43 #include <linux/hdreg.h>
44 #endif
45
46 #include <sys/stat.h>
47 #include <sys/time.h>
48
49 #include <ctype.h>
50 #include <err.h>
51 #include <errno.h>
52 #include <fcntl.h>
53 #include <inttypes.h>
54 #include <paths.h>
55 #include <stdio.h>
56 #include <stdlib.h>
57 #include <string.h>
58 #include <time.h>
59 #include <unistd.h>
60
61 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */
62 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */
63 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */
64
65 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */
66 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */
67 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */
68 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */
69 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */
70 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */
71 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */
72 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */
73 #define MINCLS12 1 /* minimum FAT12 clusters */
74 #define MINCLS16 0x1000 /* minimum FAT16 clusters */
75 #define MINCLS32 2 /* minimum FAT32 clusters */
76 #define MAXCLS12 0xfed /* maximum FAT12 clusters */
77 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff5 /* maximum FAT16 clusters */
78 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5 /* maximum FAT32 clusters */
79
80 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \
81 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \
82 MINCLS32)
83
84 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \
85 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \
86 MAXCLS32)
87
88 #define mk1(p, x) \
89 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x)
90
91 #define mk2(p, x) \
92 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
93 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010)
94
95 #define mk4(p, x) \
96 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
97 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \
98 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \
99 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030)
100
101 #define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg)
102 #define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg)
103 #define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg)
104 #define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg)
105
106 struct bs {
107 u_int8_t jmp[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */
108 u_int8_t oem[8]; /* OEM name and version */
109 };
110
111 struct bsbpb {
112 u_int8_t bps[2]; /* bytes per sector */
113 u_int8_t spc; /* sectors per cluster */
114 u_int8_t res[2]; /* reserved sectors */
115 u_int8_t nft; /* number of FATs */
116 u_int8_t rde[2]; /* root directory entries */
117 u_int8_t sec[2]; /* total sectors */
118 u_int8_t mid; /* media descriptor */
119 u_int8_t spf[2]; /* sectors per FAT */
120 u_int8_t spt[2]; /* sectors per track */
121 u_int8_t hds[2]; /* drive heads */
122 u_int8_t hid[4]; /* hidden sectors */
123 u_int8_t bsec[4]; /* big total sectors */
124 };
125
126 struct bsxbpb {
127 u_int8_t bspf[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */
128 u_int8_t xflg[2]; /* FAT control flags */
129 u_int8_t vers[2]; /* file system version */
130 u_int8_t rdcl[4]; /* root directory start cluster */
131 u_int8_t infs[2]; /* file system info sector */
132 u_int8_t bkbs[2]; /* backup boot sector */
133 u_int8_t rsvd[12]; /* reserved */
134 };
135
136 struct bsx {
137 u_int8_t drv; /* drive number */
138 u_int8_t rsvd; /* reserved */
139 u_int8_t sig; /* extended boot signature */
140 u_int8_t volid[4]; /* volume ID number */
141 u_int8_t label[11]; /* volume label */
142 u_int8_t type[8]; /* file system type */
143 };
144
145 struct de {
146 u_int8_t namext[11]; /* name and extension */
147 u_int8_t attr; /* attributes */
148 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */
149 u_int8_t time[2]; /* creation time */
150 u_int8_t date[2]; /* creation date */
151 u_int8_t clus[2]; /* starting cluster */
152 u_int8_t size[4]; /* size */
153 };
154
155 struct bpb {
156 u_int bps; /* bytes per sector */
157 u_int spc; /* sectors per cluster */
158 u_int res; /* reserved sectors */
159 u_int nft; /* number of FATs */
160 u_int rde; /* root directory entries */
161 u_int sec; /* total sectors */
162 u_int mid; /* media descriptor */
163 u_int spf; /* sectors per FAT */
164 u_int spt; /* sectors per track */
165 u_int hds; /* drive heads */
166 u_int hid; /* hidden sectors */
167 u_int bsec; /* big total sectors */
168 u_int bspf; /* big sectors per FAT */
169 u_int rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */
170 u_int infs; /* file system info sector */
171 u_int bkbs; /* backup boot sector */
172 };
173
174 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
175
176 static struct {
177 const char *name;
178 struct bpb bpb;
179 } const stdfmt[] = {
180 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}},
181 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}},
182 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
183 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
184 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
185 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
186 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}},
187 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
188 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}},
189 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}}
190 };
191
192 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = {
193 0xfa, /* cli */
194 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */
195 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */
196 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */
197 0xfb, /* sti */
198 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */
199 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */
200 0x5e, /* pop si */
201 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */
202 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */
203 0xfc, /* cld */
204 0xac, /* lodsb */
205 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */
206 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */
207 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */
208 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */
209 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */
210 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */
211 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */
212 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */
213 0x0d, 0x0a,
214 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't',
215 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k',
216 0x0d, 0x0a,
217 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n',
218 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o',
219 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't',
220 0x0d, 0x0a,
221 0
222 };
223
224 static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t);
225 static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *);
226 static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *);
227 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *);
228 static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *);
229 static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *);
230 static off_t argtooff(const char *, const char *);
231 static int oklabel(const char *);
232 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *);
233 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t);
234 static void usage(void);
235
236 /*
237 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system.
238 */
newfs_msdos_main(int argc,char * argv[])239 int newfs_msdos_main(int argc, char *argv[])
240 {
241 static const char opts[] = "@:NAB:C:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:r:s:u:";
242 const char *opt_B = NULL, *opt_L = NULL, *opt_O = NULL, *opt_f = NULL;
243 u_int opt_F = 0, opt_I = 0, opt_S = 0, opt_a = 0, opt_b = 0, opt_c = 0;
244 u_int opt_e = 0, opt_h = 0, opt_i = 0, opt_k = 0, opt_m = 0, opt_n = 0;
245 u_int opt_o = 0, opt_r = 0, opt_s = 0, opt_u = 0;
246 u_int opt_A = 0;
247 int opt_N = 0;
248 int Iflag = 0, mflag = 0, oflag = 0;
249 char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
250 struct stat sb;
251 struct timeval tv;
252 struct bpb bpb;
253 struct tm *tm;
254 struct bs *bs;
255 struct bsbpb *bsbpb;
256 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb;
257 struct bsx *bsx;
258 struct de *de;
259 u_int8_t *img;
260 const char *fname, *dtype, *bname;
261 ssize_t n;
262 time_t now;
263 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2;
264 u_int extra_res, alignment=0, set_res, set_spf, set_spc, tempx, attempts=0;
265 int ch, fd, fd1;
266 off_t opt_create = 0, opt_ofs = 0;
267
268 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1)
269 switch (ch) {
270 case '@':
271 opt_ofs = argtooff(optarg, "offset");
272 break;
273 case 'N':
274 opt_N = 1;
275 break;
276 case 'A':
277 opt_A = 1;
278 break;
279 case 'B':
280 opt_B = optarg;
281 break;
282 case 'C':
283 opt_create = argtooff(optarg, "create size");
284 break;
285 case 'F':
286 if (strcmp(optarg, "12") && strcmp(optarg, "16") && strcmp(optarg, "32"))
287 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg);
288 opt_F = atoi(optarg);
289 break;
290 case 'I':
291 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID");
292 Iflag = 1;
293 break;
294 case 'L':
295 if (!oklabel(optarg))
296 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg);
297 opt_L = optarg;
298 break;
299 case 'O':
300 if (strlen(optarg) > 8)
301 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg);
302 opt_O = optarg;
303 break;
304 case 'S':
305 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector");
306 break;
307 case 'a':
308 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT");
309 break;
310 case 'b':
311 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size");
312 opt_c = 0;
313 break;
314 case 'c':
315 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster");
316 opt_b = 0;
317 break;
318 case 'e':
319 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries");
320 break;
321 case 'f':
322 opt_f = optarg;
323 break;
324 case 'h':
325 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads");
326 break;
327 case 'i':
328 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector");
329 break;
330 case 'k':
331 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector");
332 break;
333 case 'm':
334 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor");
335 mflag = 1;
336 break;
337 case 'n':
338 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs");
339 break;
340 case 'o':
341 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors");
342 oflag = 1;
343 break;
344 case 'r':
345 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors");
346 break;
347 case 's':
348 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size");
349 break;
350 case 'u':
351 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track");
352 break;
353 default:
354 usage();
355 }
356 argc -= optind;
357 argv += optind;
358 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2)
359 usage();
360 fname = *argv++;
361 if (!opt_create && !strchr(fname, '/')) {
362 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, fname);
363 if (!(fname = strdup(buf)))
364 err(1, "%s", buf);
365 }
366 dtype = *argv;
367 if (opt_A) {
368 if (opt_r)
369 errx(1, "align (-A) is incompatible with -r");
370 if (opt_N)
371 errx(1, "align (-A) is incompatible with -N");
372 }
373 if (opt_create) {
374 if (opt_N)
375 errx(1, "create (-C) is incompatible with -N");
376 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
377 if (fd == -1)
378 errx(1, "failed to create %s", fname);
379 if (ftruncate(fd, opt_create))
380 errx(1, "failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)opt_create);
381 } else if ((fd = open(fname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1)
382 err(1, "%s", fname);
383 if (fstat(fd, &sb))
384 err(1, "%s", fname);
385 if (opt_create) {
386 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
387 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname);
388 } else {
389 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
390 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname);
391 }
392 if (!opt_N)
393 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode);
394 if (opt_ofs && opt_ofs != lseek(fd, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET))
395 errx(1, "cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)opt_ofs);
396 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb));
397 if (opt_f) {
398 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb);
399 bpb.bsec = bpb.sec;
400 bpb.sec = 0;
401 bpb.bspf = bpb.spf;
402 bpb.spf = 0;
403 }
404 if (opt_h)
405 bpb.hds = opt_h;
406 if (opt_u)
407 bpb.spt = opt_u;
408 if (opt_S)
409 bpb.bps = opt_S;
410 if (opt_s)
411 bpb.bsec = opt_s;
412 if (oflag)
413 bpb.hid = opt_o;
414 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) {
415 off_t delta;
416 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb);
417 if (opt_s) {
418 bpb.bsec = opt_s;
419 }
420 bpb.bsec -= (opt_ofs / bpb.bps);
421 delta = bpb.bsec % bpb.spt;
422 if (delta != 0) {
423 warnx("trim %d sectors from %d to adjust to a multiple of %d",
424 (int)delta, bpb.bsec, bpb.spt);
425 bpb.bsec -= delta;
426 }
427 if (bpb.spc == 0) { /* set defaults */
428 if (bpb.bsec <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */
429 bpb.spc = 1;
430 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */
431 bpb.spc = 8;
432 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */
433 bpb.spc = 16;
434 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<22)) /* 2G -> 16k, some versions of windows
435 require a minimum of 65527 clusters */
436 bpb.spc = 32;
437 else
438 bpb.spc = 64; /* otherwise 32k */
439 }
440 }
441 if (!powerof2(bpb.bps))
442 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps);
443 if (bpb.bps < MINBPS)
444 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
445 bpb.bps, MINBPS);
446 if (!(fat = opt_F)) {
447 if (opt_f)
448 fat = 12;
449 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k))
450 fat = 32;
451 }
452 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k)))
453 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option",
454 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k',
455 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16");
456 if (opt_f && fat == 32)
457 bpb.rde = 0;
458 if (opt_b) {
459 if (!powerof2(opt_b))
460 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b);
461 if (opt_b < bpb.bps)
462 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
463 opt_b, bpb.bps);
464 if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC)
465 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC);
466 bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps;
467 }
468 if (opt_c) {
469 if (!powerof2(opt_c))
470 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c);
471 bpb.spc = opt_c;
472 }
473 if (opt_r)
474 bpb.res = opt_r;
475 if (opt_n) {
476 if (opt_n > MAXNFT)
477 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", opt_n, MAXNFT);
478 bpb.nft = opt_n;
479 }
480 if (opt_e)
481 bpb.rde = opt_e;
482 if (mflag) {
483 if (opt_m < 0xf0)
484 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m);
485 bpb.mid = opt_m;
486 }
487 if (opt_a)
488 bpb.bspf = opt_a;
489 if (opt_i)
490 bpb.infs = opt_i;
491 if (opt_k)
492 bpb.bkbs = opt_k;
493 bss = 1;
494 bname = NULL;
495 fd1 = -1;
496 if (opt_B) {
497 bname = opt_B;
498 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) {
499 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname);
500 if (!(bname = strdup(buf)))
501 err(1, "%s", buf);
502 }
503 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb))
504 err(1, "%s", bname);
505 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps ||
506 sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16)
507 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname);
508 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps;
509 }
510 if (!bpb.nft)
511 bpb.nft = 2;
512 if (!fat) {
513 if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) +
514 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) *
515 ((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) *
516 bpb.nft +
517 howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE,
518 bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) +
519 (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) *
520 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps)))
521 fat = 12;
522 else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec <
523 (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) +
524 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft +
525 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) +
526 (MAXCLS16 + 1) *
527 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps)))
528 fat = 16;
529 else
530 fat = 32;
531 }
532 x = bss;
533 if (fat == 32) {
534 if (!bpb.infs) {
535 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs)
536 errx(1, "no room for info sector");
537 bpb.infs = x;
538 }
539 if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs)
540 x = bpb.infs + 1;
541 if (!bpb.bkbs) {
542 if (x == MAXU16)
543 errx(1, "no room for backup sector");
544 bpb.bkbs = x;
545 } else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs)
546 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector");
547 if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs)
548 x = bpb.bkbs + 1;
549 }
550
551 extra_res = 0;
552 set_res = !bpb.res;
553 set_spf = !bpb.bspf;
554 set_spc = !bpb.spc;
555 tempx = x;
556 /*
557 * Attempt to align if opt_A is set. This is done by increasing the number
558 * of reserved blocks. This can cause other factors to change, which can in
559 * turn change the alignment. This should take at most 2 iterations, as
560 * increasing the reserved amount may cause the FAT size to decrease by 1,
561 * requiring another nft reserved blocks. If spc changes, it will
562 * be half of its previous size, and thus will not throw off alignment.
563 */
564 do {
565 x = tempx;
566 if (set_res)
567 bpb.res = (fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x) + extra_res;
568 else if (bpb.res < x)
569 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors");
570 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde)
571 bpb.rde = DEFRDE;
572 rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de));
573 if (set_spc)
574 for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps);
575 bpb.spc < MAXSPC &&
576 bpb.res +
577 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN),
578 bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft +
579 rds +
580 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec;
581 bpb.spc <<= 1);
582 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16)
583 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16");
584 x1 = bpb.res + rds;
585 x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1;
586 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec)
587 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size");
588 x1 += x * bpb.nft;
589 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB /
590 (bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft);
591 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB);
592 if (set_spf) {
593 if (!bpb.bspf) {
594 bpb.bspf = x2;
595 }
596 x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft;
597 }
598 if(set_res) {
599 /* attempt to align root directory */
600 alignment = (bpb.res + bpb.bspf * bpb.nft) % bpb.spc;
601 extra_res += bpb.spc - alignment;
602 }
603 attempts++;
604 } while(opt_A && alignment != 0 && attempts < 2);
605 if (alignment != 0)
606 warnx("warning: Alignment failed.");
607
608 cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc;
609 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE;
610 if (cls > x)
611 cls = x;
612 if (bpb.bspf < x2)
613 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", cls);
614 if (cls < mincls(fat))
615 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, mincls(fat));
616 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) {
617 cls = maxcls(fat);
618 bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1;
619 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", bpb.bsec);
620 }
621 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s (%u bytes/cluster)\n",
622 fname, cls * bpb.spc, cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat,
623 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc);
624 if (!bpb.mid)
625 bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8;
626 if (fat == 32)
627 bpb.rdcl = RESFTE;
628 if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) {
629 bpb.sec = bpb.bsec;
630 bpb.bsec = 0;
631 }
632 if (fat != 32) {
633 bpb.spf = bpb.bspf;
634 bpb.bspf = 0;
635 }
636 print_bpb(&bpb);
637 if (!opt_N) {
638 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
639 now = tv.tv_sec;
640 tm = localtime(&now);
641 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps)))
642 err(1, "%u", bpb.bps);
643 dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft;
644 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) {
645 x = lsn;
646 if (opt_B && fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) {
647 x -= bpb.bkbs;
648 if (!x && lseek(fd1, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET))
649 err(1, "%s", bname);
650 }
651 if (opt_B && x < bss) {
652 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1)
653 err(1, "%s", bname);
654 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps)
655 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x);
656 } else
657 memset(img, 0, bpb.bps);
658 if (!lsn || (fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) {
659 x1 = sizeof(struct bs);
660 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1);
661 mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps);
662 mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc);
663 mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res);
664 mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft);
665 mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde);
666 mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec);
667 mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid);
668 mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf);
669 mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt);
670 mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds);
671 mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid);
672 mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec);
673 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb);
674 if (fat == 32) {
675 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1);
676 mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf);
677 mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0);
678 mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0);
679 mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl);
680 mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs);
681 mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs);
682 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb);
683 }
684 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1);
685 mk1(bsx->sig, 0x29);
686 if (Iflag)
687 x = opt_I;
688 else
689 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 |
690 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) +
691 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 |
692 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 |
693 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) +
694 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 |
695 (u_int)tm->tm_min));
696 mk4(bsx->volid, x);
697 mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO NAME");
698 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat);
699 setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type));
700 if (!opt_B) {
701 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx);
702 bs = (struct bs *)img;
703 mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb);
704 mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2);
705 mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90);
706 setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD 4.4",
707 sizeof(bs->oem));
708 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode));
709 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
710 }
711 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 &&
712 (lsn == bpb.infs || (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 &&
713 lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) {
714 mk4(img, 0x41615252);
715 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272);
716 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff);
717 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.rdcl);
718 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
719 } else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir &&
720 !((lsn - bpb.res) % (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) {
721 mk1(img[0], bpb.mid);
722 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++)
723 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff);
724 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) {
725 de = (struct de *)img;
726 mklabel(de->namext, opt_L);
727 mk1(de->attr, 050);
728 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 |
729 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 |
730 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1;
731 mk2(de->time, x);
732 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 |
733 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 |
734 (u_int)tm->tm_mday;
735 mk2(de->date, x);
736 }
737 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1)
738 err(1, "%s", fname);
739 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps) {
740 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
741 exit(1);
742 }
743 }
744 free(img);
745 }
746 return 0;
747 }
748
749 /*
750 * Exit with error if file system is mounted.
751 */
check_mounted(const char * fname,mode_t mode)752 static void check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode)
753 {
754 #ifdef ANDROID
755 warnx("Skipping mount checks");
756 #else
757 struct statfs *mp;
758 const char *s1, *s2;
759 size_t len;
760 int n, r;
761
762 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT)))
763 err(1, "getmntinfo");
764 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV);
765 s1 = fname;
766 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len))
767 s1 += len;
768 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r';
769 for (; n--; mp++) {
770 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
771 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len))
772 s2 += len;
773 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || !strcmp(s1, s2))
774 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname);
775 }
776 #endif
777 }
778
779 /*
780 * Get a standard format.
781 */
getstdfmt(const char * fmt,struct bpb * bpb)782 static void getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb)
783 {
784 u_int x, i;
785
786 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]);
787 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++);
788 if (i == x)
789 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt);
790 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb;
791 }
792
793 /*
794 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information.
795 */
796
797 #ifdef ANDROID
getdiskinfo(int fd,const char * fname,const char * dtype,__unused int oflag,struct bpb * bpb)798 static void getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype,
799 __unused int oflag,struct bpb *bpb)
800 {
801 struct hd_geometry geom;
802 u_long block_size;
803
804 if (ioctl(fd, BLKSSZGET, &bpb->bps)) {
805 fprintf(stderr, "Error getting bytes / sector (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
806 exit(1);
807 }
808
809 ckgeom(fname, bpb->bps, "bytes/sector");
810
811 if (ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE, &block_size)) {
812 fprintf(stderr, "Error getting blocksize (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
813 exit(1);
814 }
815
816 if (block_size > UINT32_MAX) {
817 fprintf(stderr, "Error blocksize too large: %lu\n", block_size);
818 exit(1);
819 }
820
821 bpb->bsec = (u_int)block_size;
822
823 if (ioctl(fd, HDIO_GETGEO, &geom)) {
824 fprintf(stderr, "Error getting gemoetry (%s) - trying sane values\n", strerror(errno));
825 geom.heads = 64;
826 geom.sectors = 63;
827 }
828
829 if (!geom.heads) {
830 printf("Bogus heads from kernel - setting sane value\n");
831 geom.heads = 64;
832 }
833
834 if (!geom.sectors) {
835 printf("Bogus sectors from kernel - setting sane value\n");
836 geom.sectors = 63;
837 }
838
839 bpb->spt = geom.sectors;
840 ckgeom(fname, bpb->spt, "sectors/track");
841
842 bpb->hds = geom.heads;
843 ckgeom(fname, bpb->hds, "drive heads");
844 }
845
846 #else
847
getdiskinfo(int fd,const char * fname,const char * dtype,__unused int oflag,struct bpb * bpb)848 static void getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype,
849 __unused int oflag, struct bpb *bpb)
850 {
851 struct disklabel *lp, dlp;
852 struct fd_type type;
853 off_t ms, hs = 0;
854
855 lp = NULL;
856
857 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */
858 if (dtype != NULL) {
859 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype);
860 }
861
862 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */
863 if (lp == NULL) {
864 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) {
865 struct stat st;
866
867 if (fstat(fd, &st))
868 err(1, "Cannot get disk size");
869 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */
870 ms = st.st_size;
871 dlp.d_secsize = 512;
872 dlp.d_nsectors = 63;
873 dlp.d_ntracks = 255;
874 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
875 lp = &dlp;
876 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) {
877 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize;
878 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac;
879 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads;
880 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
881 lp = &dlp;
882 }
883 }
884
885 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */
886 if (lp == NULL) {
887 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, &dlp) == -1) {
888 if (bpb->bps == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, &dlp.d_secsize) == -1)
889 errx(1, "Cannot get sector size, %s", strerror(errno));
890
891 /* XXX Should we use bpb->bps if it's set? */
892 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
893
894 if (bpb->spt == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) {
895 warnx("Cannot get number of sectors per track, %s", strerror(errno));
896 dlp.d_nsectors = 63;
897 }
898 if (bpb->hds == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) {
899 warnx("Cannot get number of heads, %s", strerror(errno));
900 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024)
901 dlp.d_ntracks = 1;
902 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024)
903 dlp.d_ntracks = 16;
904 else
905 dlp.d_ntracks = 255;
906 }
907 }
908
909 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit;
910 lp = &dlp;
911 }
912
913 if (bpb->bps == 0)
914 bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector");
915 if (bpb->spt == 0)
916 bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track");
917 if (bpb->hds == 0)
918 bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads");
919 if (bpb->bsec == 0)
920 bpb->bsec = lp->d_secperunit;
921 if (bpb->hid == 0)
922 bpb->hid = hs;
923 }
924 #endif
925
926 /*
927 * Print out BPB values.
928 */
print_bpb(struct bpb * bpb)929 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb)
930 {
931 printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res,
932 bpb->nft);
933 if (bpb->rde)
934 printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde);
935 if (bpb->sec)
936 printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec);
937 printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid);
938 if (bpb->spf)
939 printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf);
940 printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid);
941 if (bpb->bsec)
942 printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec);
943 if (!bpb->spf) {
944 printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl);
945 printf(" infs=");
946 printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs);
947 printf(" bkbs=");
948 printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs);
949 }
950 printf("\n");
951 }
952
953 /*
954 * Check a disk geometry value.
955 */
ckgeom(const char * fname,u_int val,const char * msg)956 static u_int ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg)
957 {
958 if (!val)
959 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg);
960 if (val > MAXU16)
961 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val);
962 return val;
963 }
964
965 /*
966 * Convert and check a numeric option argument.
967 */
argtou(const char * arg,u_int lo,u_int hi,const char * msg)968 static u_int argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg)
969 {
970 char *s;
971 u_long x;
972
973 errno = 0;
974 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0);
975 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi)
976 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
977 return x;
978 }
979
980 /*
981 * Same for off_t, with optional skmgpP suffix
982 */
argtooff(const char * arg,const char * msg)983 static off_t argtooff(const char *arg, const char *msg)
984 {
985 char *s;
986 off_t x;
987
988 x = strtoll(arg, &s, 0);
989 /* allow at most one extra char */
990 if (errno || x < 0 || (s[0] && s[1]) )
991 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
992 if (*s) { /* the extra char is the multiplier */
993 switch (*s) {
994 default:
995 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
996 /* notreached */
997
998 case 's': /* sector */
999 case 'S':
1000 x <<= 9; /* times 512 */
1001 break;
1002
1003 case 'k': /* kilobyte */
1004 case 'K':
1005 x <<= 10; /* times 1024 */
1006 break;
1007
1008 case 'm': /* megabyte */
1009 case 'M':
1010 x <<= 20; /* times 1024*1024 */
1011 break;
1012
1013 case 'g': /* gigabyte */
1014 case 'G':
1015 x <<= 30; /* times 1024*1024*1024 */
1016 break;
1017
1018 case 'p': /* partition start */
1019 case 'P': /* partition start */
1020 case 'l': /* partition length */
1021 case 'L': /* partition length */
1022 errx(1, "%s: not supported yet %s", arg, msg);
1023 /* notreached */
1024 }
1025 }
1026 return x;
1027 }
1028
1029 /*
1030 * Check a volume label.
1031 */
oklabel(const char * src)1032 static int oklabel(const char *src)
1033 {
1034 int c, i;
1035
1036 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
1037 c = (u_char)*src++;
1038 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c))
1039 break;
1040 }
1041 return i && !c;
1042 }
1043
1044 /*
1045 * Make a volume label.
1046 */
mklabel(u_int8_t * dest,const char * src)1047 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src)
1048 {
1049 int c, i;
1050
1051 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
1052 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' ';
1053 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c;
1054 }
1055 }
1056
1057 /*
1058 * Copy string, padding with spaces.
1059 */
setstr(u_int8_t * dest,const char * src,size_t len)1060 static void setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len)
1061 {
1062 while (len--)
1063 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' ';
1064 }
1065
1066 /*
1067 * Print usage message.
1068 */
usage(void)1069 static void usage(void)
1070 {
1071 fprintf(stderr,
1072 "usage: newfs_msdos [ -options ] special [disktype]\n"
1073 "where the options are:\n"
1074 "\t-@ create file system at specified offset\n"
1075 "\t-A Attempt to cluster align root directory\n"
1076 "\t-B get bootstrap from file\n"
1077 "\t-C create image file with specified size\n"
1078 "\t-F FAT type (12, 16, or 32)\n"
1079 "\t-I volume ID\n"
1080 "\t-L volume label\n"
1081 "\t-N don't create file system: just print out parameters\n"
1082 "\t-O OEM string\n"
1083 "\t-S bytes/sector\n"
1084 "\t-a sectors/FAT\n"
1085 "\t-b block size\n"
1086 "\t-c sectors/cluster\n"
1087 "\t-e root directory entries\n"
1088 "\t-f standard format\n"
1089 "\t-h drive heads\n"
1090 "\t-i file system info sector\n"
1091 "\t-k backup boot sector\n"
1092 "\t-m media descriptor\n"
1093 "\t-n number of FATs\n"
1094 "\t-o hidden sectors\n"
1095 "\t-r reserved sectors\n"
1096 "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"
1097 "\t-u sectors/track\n");
1098 exit(1);
1099 }
1100