1 /*
2  * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
3  *
4  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7  *
8  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9  *
10  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14  * limitations under the License.
15  */
16 
17 #ifndef ART_RUNTIME_OBJ_PTR_H_
18 #define ART_RUNTIME_OBJ_PTR_H_
19 
20 #include <ostream>
21 #include <type_traits>
22 
23 #include "base/macros.h"
24 #include "base/mutex.h"  // For Locks::mutator_lock_.
25 #include "globals.h"
26 
27 namespace art {
28 
29 constexpr bool kObjPtrPoisoning = kIsDebugBuild;
30 
31 // It turns out that most of the performance overhead comes from copying. Don't validate for now.
32 // This defers finding stale ObjPtr objects until they are used.
33 constexpr bool kObjPtrPoisoningValidateOnCopy = false;
34 
35 // Value type representing a pointer to a mirror::Object of type MirrorType
36 // Since the cookie is thread based, it is not safe to share an ObjPtr between threads.
37 template<class MirrorType>
38 class ObjPtr {
39   static constexpr size_t kCookieShift =
40       kHeapReferenceSize * kBitsPerByte - kObjectAlignmentShift;
41   static constexpr size_t kCookieBits = sizeof(uintptr_t) * kBitsPerByte - kCookieShift;
42   static constexpr uintptr_t kCookieMask = (static_cast<uintptr_t>(1u) << kCookieBits) - 1;
43 
44   static_assert(kCookieBits >= kObjectAlignmentShift,
45                 "must have a least kObjectAlignmentShift bits");
46 
47  public:
ObjPtr()48   ALWAYS_INLINE ObjPtr() REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) : reference_(0u) {}
49 
50   // Note: The following constructors allow implicit conversion. This simplifies code that uses
51   //       them, e.g., for parameter passing. However, in general, implicit-conversion constructors
52   //       are discouraged and detected by clang-tidy.
53 
ObjPtr(std::nullptr_t)54   ALWAYS_INLINE ObjPtr(std::nullptr_t)
55       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
56       : reference_(0u) {}
57 
58   template <typename Type,
59             typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_base_of<MirrorType, Type>::value>::type>
ObjPtr(Type * ptr)60   ALWAYS_INLINE ObjPtr(Type* ptr)
61       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
62       : reference_(Encode(static_cast<MirrorType*>(ptr))) {
63   }
64 
65   template <typename Type,
66             typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_base_of<MirrorType, Type>::value>::type>
ObjPtr(const ObjPtr<Type> & other)67   ALWAYS_INLINE ObjPtr(const ObjPtr<Type>& other)
68       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
69       : reference_(kObjPtrPoisoningValidateOnCopy
70                        ? Encode(static_cast<MirrorType*>(other.Ptr()))
71                        : other.reference_) {
72   }
73 
74   template <typename Type,
75             typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_base_of<MirrorType, Type>::value>::type>
76   ALWAYS_INLINE ObjPtr& operator=(const ObjPtr<Type>& other)
REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)77       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
78     reference_ = kObjPtrPoisoningValidateOnCopy
79                      ? Encode(static_cast<MirrorType*>(other.Ptr()))
80                      : other.reference_;
81     return *this;
82   }
83 
REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)84   ALWAYS_INLINE ObjPtr& operator=(MirrorType* ptr) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
85     Assign(ptr);
86     return *this;
87   }
88 
Assign(MirrorType * ptr)89   ALWAYS_INLINE void Assign(MirrorType* ptr) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
90     reference_ = Encode(ptr);
91   }
92 
93   ALWAYS_INLINE MirrorType* operator->() const REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
94     return Ptr();
95   }
96 
IsNull()97   ALWAYS_INLINE bool IsNull() const {
98     return reference_ == 0;
99   }
100 
101   // Ptr makes sure that the object pointer is valid.
Ptr()102   ALWAYS_INLINE MirrorType* Ptr() const REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
103     AssertValid();
104     return PtrUnchecked();
105   }
106 
107   ALWAYS_INLINE bool IsValid() const REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
108 
109   ALWAYS_INLINE void AssertValid() const REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
110 
111   ALWAYS_INLINE bool operator==(const ObjPtr& ptr) const REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
112     return Ptr() == ptr.Ptr();
113   }
114 
115   template <typename PointerType>
116   ALWAYS_INLINE bool operator==(const PointerType* ptr) const
117       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
118     return Ptr() == ptr;
119   }
120 
121   ALWAYS_INLINE bool operator==(std::nullptr_t) const {
122     return IsNull();
123   }
124 
125   ALWAYS_INLINE bool operator!=(const ObjPtr& ptr) const REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
126     return Ptr() != ptr.Ptr();
127   }
128 
129   template <typename PointerType>
130   ALWAYS_INLINE bool operator!=(const PointerType* ptr) const
131       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
132     return Ptr() != ptr;
133   }
134 
135   ALWAYS_INLINE bool operator!=(std::nullptr_t) const {
136     return !IsNull();
137   }
138 
139   // Ptr unchecked does not check that object pointer is valid. Do not use if you can avoid it.
PtrUnchecked()140   ALWAYS_INLINE MirrorType* PtrUnchecked() const {
141     if (kObjPtrPoisoning) {
142       return reinterpret_cast<MirrorType*>(
143           static_cast<uintptr_t>(static_cast<uint32_t>(reference_ << kObjectAlignmentShift)));
144     } else {
145       return reinterpret_cast<MirrorType*>(reference_);
146     }
147   }
148 
149   // Static function to be friendly with null pointers.
150   template <typename SourceType>
DownCast(ObjPtr<SourceType> ptr)151   static ObjPtr<MirrorType> DownCast(ObjPtr<SourceType> ptr) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
152     static_assert(std::is_base_of<SourceType, MirrorType>::value,
153                   "Target type must be a subtype of source type");
154     return static_cast<MirrorType*>(ptr.Ptr());
155   }
156 
157  private:
158   // Trim off high bits of thread local cookie.
TrimCookie(uintptr_t cookie)159   ALWAYS_INLINE static uintptr_t TrimCookie(uintptr_t cookie) {
160     return cookie & kCookieMask;
161   }
162 
GetCookie()163   ALWAYS_INLINE uintptr_t GetCookie() const {
164     return reference_ >> kCookieShift;
165   }
166 
167   ALWAYS_INLINE static uintptr_t Encode(MirrorType* ptr) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
168   // The encoded reference and cookie.
169   uintptr_t reference_;
170 
171   template <class T> friend class ObjPtr;  // Required for reference_ access in copy cons/operator.
172 };
173 
174 static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable<ObjPtr<void>>::value,
175               "ObjPtr should be trivially copyable");
176 
177 // Hash function for stl data structures.
178 class HashObjPtr {
179  public:
180   template<class MirrorType>
operator()181   size_t operator()(const ObjPtr<MirrorType>& ptr) const NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
182     return std::hash<MirrorType*>()(ptr.Ptr());
183   }
184 };
185 
186 template<class MirrorType, typename PointerType>
187 ALWAYS_INLINE bool operator==(const PointerType* a, const ObjPtr<MirrorType>& b)
188     REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
189   return b == a;
190 }
191 
192 template<class MirrorType>
193 ALWAYS_INLINE bool operator==(std::nullptr_t, const ObjPtr<MirrorType>& b) {
194   return b == nullptr;
195 }
196 
197 template<typename MirrorType, typename PointerType>
198 ALWAYS_INLINE bool operator!=(const PointerType* a, const ObjPtr<MirrorType>& b)
199     REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
200   return b != a;
201 }
202 
203 template<class MirrorType>
204 ALWAYS_INLINE bool operator!=(std::nullptr_t, const ObjPtr<MirrorType>& b) {
205   return b != nullptr;
206 }
207 
208 template<class MirrorType>
MakeObjPtr(MirrorType * ptr)209 static inline ObjPtr<MirrorType> MakeObjPtr(MirrorType* ptr) {
210   return ObjPtr<MirrorType>(ptr);
211 }
212 
213 template<class MirrorType>
MakeObjPtr(ObjPtr<MirrorType> ptr)214 static inline ObjPtr<MirrorType> MakeObjPtr(ObjPtr<MirrorType> ptr) {
215   return ObjPtr<MirrorType>(ptr);
216 }
217 
218 template<class MirrorType>
219 ALWAYS_INLINE std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, ObjPtr<MirrorType> ptr);
220 
221 }  // namespace art
222 
223 #endif  // ART_RUNTIME_OBJ_PTR_H_
224