1 /*
2  * Copyright 2013 Google Inc.
3  *
4  * Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
5  * found in the LICENSE file.
6  */
7 
8 #ifndef SkTFitsIn_DEFINED
9 #define SkTFitsIn_DEFINED
10 
11 #include <limits>
12 #include <type_traits>
13 
14 /**
15  * In C++ an unsigned to signed cast where the source value cannot be represented in the destination
16  * type results in an implementation defined destination value. Unlike C, C++ does not allow a trap.
17  * This makes "(S)(D)s == s" a possibly useful test. However, there are two cases where this is
18  * incorrect:
19  *
20  * when testing if a value of a smaller signed type can be represented in a larger unsigned type
21  * (int8_t)(uint16_t)-1 == -1 => (int8_t)0xFFFF == -1 => [implementation defined] == -1
22  *
23  * when testing if a value of a larger unsigned type can be represented in a smaller signed type
24  * (uint16_t)(int8_t)0xFFFF == 0xFFFF => (uint16_t)-1 == 0xFFFF => 0xFFFF == 0xFFFF => true.
25  *
26  * Consider the cases:
27  *   u = unsigned, less digits
28  *   U = unsigned, more digits
29  *   s = signed, less digits
30  *   S = signed, more digits
31  *   v is the value we're considering.
32  *
33  * u -> U: (u)(U)v == v, trivially true
34  * U -> u: (U)(u)v == v, both casts well defined, test works
35  * s -> S: (s)(S)v == v, trivially true
36  * S -> s: (S)(s)v == v, first cast implementation value, second cast defined, test works
37  * s -> U: (s)(U)v == v, *this is bad*, the second cast results in implementation defined value
38  * S -> u: (S)(u)v == v, the second cast is required to prevent promotion of rhs to unsigned
39  * u -> S: (u)(S)v == v, trivially true
40  * U -> s: (U)(s)v == v, *this is bad*,
41  *                             first cast results in implementation defined value,
42  *                             second cast is defined. However, this creates false positives
43  *                             uint16_t x = 0xFFFF
44  *                                (uint16_t)(int8_t)x == x
45  *                             => (uint16_t)-1        == x
46  *                             => 0xFFFF              == x
47  *                             => true
48  *
49  * So for the eight cases three are trivially true, three more are valid casts, and two are special.
50  * The two 'full' checks which otherwise require two comparisons are valid cast checks.
51  * The two remaining checks s -> U [v >= 0] and U -> s [v <= max(s)] can be done with one op.
52  */
53 
54 template <typename D, typename S>
55 static constexpr inline
56 typename std::enable_if<(std::is_integral<S>::value || std::is_enum<S>::value) &&
57                         (std::is_integral<D>::value || std::is_enum<D>::value), bool>::type
SkTFitsIn(S src)58 /*bool*/ SkTFitsIn(S src) {
59     // SkTFitsIn() is used in public headers, so needs to be written targeting at most C++11.
60     return
61 
62     // E.g. (int8_t)(uint8_t) int8_t(-1) == -1, but the uint8_t == 255, not -1.
63     (std::is_signed<S>::value && std::is_unsigned<D>::value && sizeof(S) <= sizeof(D)) ?
64         (S)0 <= src :
65 
66     // E.g. (uint8_t)(int8_t) uint8_t(255) == 255, but the int8_t == -1.
67     (std::is_signed<D>::value && std::is_unsigned<S>::value && sizeof(D) <= sizeof(S)) ?
68         src <= (S)std::numeric_limits<D>::max() :
69 
70     // else
71         (S)(D)src == src;
72 }
73 
74 #endif
75