1 /*
2 ** 2001-09-15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13 ** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14 ** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15 ** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16 ** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17 **
18 ** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19 ** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20 ** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21 ** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22 ** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23 **
24 ** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25 ** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26 ** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27 **
28 ** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29 ** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30 ** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31 ** part of the build process.
32 */
33 #ifndef SQLITE3_H
34 #define SQLITE3_H
35 #include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36 
37 /*
38 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39 */
40 #ifdef __cplusplus
41 extern "C" {
42 #endif
43 
44 
45 /*
46 ** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
47 */
48 #ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49 # define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50 #endif
51 #ifndef SQLITE_API
52 # define SQLITE_API
53 #endif
54 #ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
55 # define SQLITE_CDECL
56 #endif
57 #ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
58 # define SQLITE_APICALL
59 #endif
60 #ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
61 # define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
62 #endif
63 #ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
64 # define SQLITE_CALLBACK
65 #endif
66 #ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
67 # define SQLITE_SYSAPI
68 #endif
69 
70 /*
71 ** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
72 ** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
73 ** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
74 ** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
75 ** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
76 **
77 ** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
78 ** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
79 ** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
80 ** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
81 ** noop macros.
82 */
83 #define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
84 #define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
85 
86 /*
87 ** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
88 */
89 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
90 # undef SQLITE_VERSION
91 #endif
92 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
93 # undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
94 #endif
95 
96 /*
97 ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
98 **
99 ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
100 ** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
101 ** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
102 ** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
103 ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
104 ** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
105 ** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
106 ** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
107 ** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
108 ** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
109 ** and Z will be reset to zero.
110 **
111 ** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
112 ** SQLite source code has been stored in the
113 ** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
114 ** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
115 ** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
116 ** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
117 ** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
118 ** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
119 ** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
120 ** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
121 **
122 ** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
123 ** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
124 ** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
125 */
126 #define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.22.0"
127 #define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3022000
128 #define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2018-12-19 01:30:22 c255889bd95bd5430dc7ced3317011ae2abb483d6c9af883af3dc7d6c2c2f234"
129 
130 /*
131 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
132 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
133 **
134 ** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
135 ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
136 ** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
137 ** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
138 ** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
139 ** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
140 ** compiled with matching library and header files.
141 **
142 ** <blockquote><pre>
143 ** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
144 ** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
145 ** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
146 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
147 **
148 ** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
149 ** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
150 ** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
151 ** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
152 ** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
153 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
154 ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
155 ** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
156 ** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
157 ** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
158 ** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
159 **
160 ** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
161 */
162 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
163 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
164 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
165 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
166 
167 /*
168 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
169 **
170 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
171 ** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
172 ** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
173 ** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
174 **
175 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
176 ** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
177 ** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
178 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
179 ** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
180 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
181 **
182 ** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
183 ** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
184 ** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
185 **
186 ** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
187 ** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
188 */
189 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
190 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
191 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
192 #endif
193 
194 /*
195 ** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
196 **
197 ** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
198 ** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
199 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
200 **
201 ** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
202 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
203 ** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
204 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
205 ** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
206 ** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
207 **
208 ** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
209 ** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
210 ** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
211 ** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
212 **
213 ** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
214 ** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
215 ** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
216 **
217 ** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
218 ** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
219 ** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
220 ** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
221 ** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
222 ** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
223 ** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
224 ** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
225 ** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
226 ** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
227 **
228 ** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
229 */
230 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
231 
232 /*
233 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
234 ** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
235 **
236 ** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
237 ** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
238 ** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
239 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
240 ** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
241 ** interfaces (such as
242 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
243 ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
244 ** sqlite3 object.
245 */
246 typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
247 
248 /*
249 ** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
250 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
251 **
252 ** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
253 ** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
254 **
255 ** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
256 ** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
257 ** compatibility only.
258 **
259 ** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
260 ** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
261 ** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
262 ** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
263 */
264 #ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
265   typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
266 # ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
267     typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
268 # else
269     typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
270 # endif
271 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
272   typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
273   typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
274 #else
275   typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
276   typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
277 #endif
278 typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
279 typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
280 
281 /*
282 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
283 ** substitute integer for floating-point.
284 */
285 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
286 # define double sqlite3_int64
287 #endif
288 
289 /*
290 ** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
291 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
292 **
293 ** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
294 ** for the [sqlite3] object.
295 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
296 ** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
297 ** resources are deallocated.
298 **
299 ** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
300 ** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
301 ** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
302 ** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
303 ** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
304 ** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
305 ** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
306 ** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
307 ** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
308 ** destructors are called is arbitrary.
309 **
310 ** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
311 ** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
312 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
313 ** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
314 ** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
315 ** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
316 ** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
317 ** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
318 ** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
319 **
320 ** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
321 ** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
322 **
323 ** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
324 ** must be either a NULL
325 ** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
326 ** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
327 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
328 ** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
329 ** argument is a harmless no-op.
330 */
331 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
332 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
333 
334 /*
335 ** The type for a callback function.
336 ** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
337 ** compatibility and is not documented.
338 */
339 typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
340 
341 /*
342 ** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
343 ** METHOD: sqlite3
344 **
345 ** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
346 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
347 ** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
348 ** without having to use a lot of C code.
349 **
350 ** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
351 ** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
352 ** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
353 ** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
354 ** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
355 ** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
356 ** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
357 ** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
358 ** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
359 ** ignored.
360 **
361 ** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
362 ** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
363 ** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
364 ** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
365 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
366 ** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
367 ** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
368 ** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
369 ** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
370 ** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
371 ** NULL before returning.
372 **
373 ** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
374 ** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
375 ** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
376 **
377 ** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
378 ** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
379 ** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
380 ** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
381 ** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
382 ** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
383 ** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
384 ** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
385 ** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
386 **
387 ** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
388 ** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
389 ** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
390 ** is not changed.
391 **
392 ** Restrictions:
393 **
394 ** <ul>
395 ** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
396 **      is a valid and open [database connection].
397 ** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
398 **      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
399 ** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
400 **      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
401 ** </ul>
402 */
403 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
404   sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
405   const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
406   int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
407   void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
408   char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
409 );
410 
411 /*
412 ** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
413 ** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
414 **
415 ** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
416 ** here in order to indicate success or failure.
417 **
418 ** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
419 **
420 ** See also: [extended result code definitions]
421 */
422 #define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
423 /* beginning-of-error-codes */
424 #define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
425 #define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
426 #define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
427 #define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
428 #define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
429 #define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
430 #define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
431 #define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
432 #define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
433 #define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
434 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
435 #define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
436 #define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
437 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
438 #define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
439 #define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
440 #define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
441 #define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
442 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
443 #define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
444 #define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
445 #define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
446 #define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
447 #define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
448 #define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
449 #define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
450 #define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
451 #define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
452 #define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
453 #define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
454 /* end-of-error-codes */
455 
456 /*
457 ** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
458 ** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
459 **
460 ** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
461 ** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
462 ** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
463 ** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
464 ** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
465 ** and later) include
466 ** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
467 ** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
468 ** on a per database connection basis using the
469 ** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
470 ** the most recent error can be obtained using
471 ** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
472 */
473 #define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
474 #define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
475 #define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
476 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
477 #define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
478 #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
479 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
480 #define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
481 #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
482 #define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
483 #define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
484 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
485 #define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
486 #define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
487 #define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
488 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
489 #define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
490 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
491 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
492 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
493 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
494 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
495 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
496 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
497 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
498 #define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
499 #define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
500 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
501 #define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
502 #define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
503 #define SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC      (SQLITE_IOERR | (29<<8))
504 #define SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (30<<8))
505 #define SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   (SQLITE_IOERR | (31<<8))
506 #define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
507 #define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
508 #define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
509 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
510 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
511 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
512 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
513 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
514 #define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
515 #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
516 #define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
517 #define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
518 #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
519 #define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
520 #define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
521 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
522 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
523 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
524 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
525 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
526 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
527 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
528 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
529 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
530 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
531 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
532 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
533 #define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
534 #define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
535 #define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
536 
537 /*
538 ** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
539 **
540 ** These bit values are intended for use in the
541 ** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
542 ** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
543 */
544 #define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
545 #define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
546 #define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
547 #define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
548 #define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
549 #define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
550 #define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
551 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
552 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
553 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
554 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
555 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
556 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
557 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
558 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
559 #define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
560 #define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
561 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
562 #define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
563 #define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
564 
565 /* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
566 
567 /*
568 ** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
569 **
570 ** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
571 ** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
572 ** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
573 ** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
574 ** refers to.
575 **
576 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
577 ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
578 ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
579 ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
580 ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
581 ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
582 ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
583 ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
584 ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
585 ** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
586 ** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
587 ** file that were written at the application level might have changed
588 ** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
589 ** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
590 ** flag indicates that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
591 ** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
592 ** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
593 ** elevated privileges.
594 **
595 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC property means that the underlying
596 ** filesystem supports doing multiple write operations atomically when those
597 ** write operations are bracketed by [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] and
598 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].
599 */
600 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
601 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
602 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
603 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
604 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
605 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
606 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
607 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
608 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
609 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
610 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
611 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
612 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
613 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
614 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC           0x00004000
615 
616 /*
617 ** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
618 **
619 ** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
620 ** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
621 ** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
622 */
623 #define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
624 #define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
625 #define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
626 #define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
627 #define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
628 
629 /*
630 ** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
631 **
632 ** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
633 ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
634 ** these integer values as the second argument.
635 **
636 ** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
637 ** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
638 ** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
639 ** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
640 ** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
641 ** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
642 **
643 ** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
644 ** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
645 ** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
646 ** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
647 ** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
648 ** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
649 ** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
650 ** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
651 ** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
652 ** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
653 ** cares about the difference.)
654 */
655 #define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
656 #define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
657 #define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
658 
659 /*
660 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
661 **
662 ** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
663 ** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
664 ** implementations will
665 ** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
666 ** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
667 ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
668 ** I/O operations on the open file.
669 */
670 typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
671 struct sqlite3_file {
672   const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
673 };
674 
675 /*
676 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
677 **
678 ** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
679 ** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
680 ** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
681 ** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
682 ** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
683 **
684 ** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
685 ** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
686 ** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
687 ** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
688 ** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
689 ** to NULL.
690 **
691 ** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
692 ** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
693 ** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
694 ** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
695 ** and not its inode needs to be synced.
696 **
697 ** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
698 ** <ul>
699 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
700 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
701 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
702 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
703 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
704 ** </ul>
705 ** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
706 ** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
707 ** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
708 ** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
709 ** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
710 **
711 ** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
712 ** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
713 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
714 ** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
715 ** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
716 ** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
717 ** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
718 ** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
719 ** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
720 ** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
721 ** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
722 ** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
723 ** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
724 ** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
725 ** recognize.
726 **
727 ** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
728 ** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
729 ** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
730 ** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
731 ** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
732 ** underlying device:
733 **
734 ** <ul>
735 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
736 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
737 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
738 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
739 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
740 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
741 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
742 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
743 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
744 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
745 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
746 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
747 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
748 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
749 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC]
750 ** </ul>
751 **
752 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
753 ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
754 ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
755 ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
756 ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
757 ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
758 ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
759 ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
760 ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
761 ** to xWrite().
762 **
763 ** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
764 ** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
765 ** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
766 ** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
767 ** database corruption.
768 */
769 typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
770 struct sqlite3_io_methods {
771   int iVersion;
772   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
773   int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
774   int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
775   int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
776   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
777   int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
778   int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
779   int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
780   int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
781   int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
782   int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
783   int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
784   /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
785   int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
786   int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
787   void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
788   int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
789   /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
790   int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
791   int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
792   /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
793   /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
794 };
795 
796 /*
797 ** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
798 ** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
799 **
800 ** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
801 ** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
802 ** interface.
803 **
804 ** <ul>
805 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
806 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
807 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
808 ** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
809 ** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
810 ** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
811 ** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
812 ** compile-time option is used.
813 **
814 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
815 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
816 ** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
817 ** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
818 ** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
819 ** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
820 ** file run faster.
821 **
822 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
823 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
824 ** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
825 ** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
826 ** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
827 ** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
828 ** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
829 ** improve performance on some systems.
830 **
831 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
832 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
833 ** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
834 ** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
835 **
836 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
837 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
838 ** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
839 ** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
840 ** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
841 **
842 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
843 ** No longer in use.
844 **
845 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
846 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
847 ** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
848 ** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
849 ** because the user has configured SQLite with
850 ** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
851 ** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
852 ** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
853 ** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
854 ** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
855 ** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
856 ** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
857 ** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
858 **
859 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
860 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
861 ** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
862 ** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
863 ** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
864 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
865 ** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
866 **
867 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
868 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
869 ** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
870 ** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
871 ** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
872 ** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
873 ** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
874 ** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
875 ** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
876 ** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
877 ** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
878 ** integers where the first integer is the new retry count and the second
879 ** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
880 ** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
881 ** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
882 ** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
883 **
884 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
885 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
886 ** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
887 ** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
888 ** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
889 ** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
890 ** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
891 ** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
892 ** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
893 ** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
894 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
895 ** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
896 ** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
897 ** WAL persistence setting.
898 **
899 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
900 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
901 ** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
902 ** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
903 ** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
904 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
905 ** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
906 ** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
907 ** zero-damage mode setting.
908 **
909 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
910 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
911 ** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
912 ** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
913 ** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
914 **
915 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
916 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
917 ** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
918 ** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
919 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
920 ** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
921 ** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
922 ** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
923 ** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
924 ** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
925 ** is intended for diagnostic use only.
926 **
927 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
928 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
929 ** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
930 ** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
931 ** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
932 ** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
933 ** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
934 ** upper-most shim only.
935 **
936 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
937 ** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
938 ** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
939 ** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
940 ** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
941 ** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
942 ** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
943 ** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
944 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
945 ** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
946 ** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
947 ** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
948 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
949 ** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
950 ** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
951 ** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
952 ** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
953 ** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
954 ** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
955 ** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
956 ** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
957 ** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
958 ** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
959 ** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
960 **
961 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
962 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
963 ** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
964 ** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
965 ** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
966 ** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
967 ** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
968 ** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
969 ** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
970 ** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
971 ** current operation.
972 **
973 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
974 ** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
975 ** to have SQLite generate a
976 ** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
977 ** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
978 ** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
979 ** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
980 ** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
981 **
982 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
983 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
984 ** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
985 ** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
986 ** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
987 ** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
988 ** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
989 ** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
990 ** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
991 **
992 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
993 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
994 ** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
995 ** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
996 ** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
997 ** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
998 ** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
999 **
1000 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
1001 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
1002 ** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
1003 ** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
1004 ** was first opened.
1005 **
1006 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
1007 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
1008 ** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
1009 ** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
1010 ** writes the resulting value there.
1011 **
1012 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
1013 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
1014 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
1015 ** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
1016 ** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
1017 **
1018 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
1019 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
1020 ** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
1021 ** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
1022 ** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
1023 ** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
1024 **
1025 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
1026 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
1027 ** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
1028 **
1029 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
1030 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
1031 ** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
1032 ** this opcode.
1033 **
1034 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1035 ** If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode returns SQLITE_OK, then
1036 ** the file descriptor is placed in "batch write mode", which
1037 ** means all subsequent write operations will be deferred and done
1038 ** atomically at the next [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].  Systems
1039 ** that do not support batch atomic writes will return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
1040 ** ^Following a successful SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE and prior to
1041 ** the closing [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] or
1042 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE], SQLite will make
1043 ** no VFS interface calls on the same [sqlite3_file] file descriptor
1044 ** except for calls to the xWrite method and the xFileControl method
1045 ** with [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT].
1046 **
1047 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1048 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1049 ** operations since the previous successful call to
1050 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be performed atomically.
1051 ** This file control returns [SQLITE_OK] if and only if the writes were
1052 ** all performed successfully and have been committed to persistent storage.
1053 ** ^Regardless of whether or not it is successful, this file control takes
1054 ** the file descriptor out of batch write mode so that all subsequent
1055 ** write operations are independent.
1056 ** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1057 ** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1058 **
1059 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1060 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1061 ** operations since the previous successful call to
1062 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be rolled back.
1063 ** ^This file control takes the file descriptor out of batch write mode
1064 ** so that all subsequent write operations are independent.
1065 ** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1066 ** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1067 ** </ul>
1068 */
1069 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
1070 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
1071 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
1072 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
1073 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
1074 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
1075 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
1076 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1077 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1078 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1079 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1080 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1081 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1082 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1083 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1084 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1085 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1086 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1087 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1088 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1089 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1090 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1091 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1092 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1093 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1094 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1095 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1096 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
1097 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB                    30
1098 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE     31
1099 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE    32
1100 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE  33
1101 
1102 /* deprecated names */
1103 #define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1104 #define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1105 #define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1106 
1107 
1108 /*
1109 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1110 **
1111 ** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1112 ** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1113 ** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1114 ** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1115 **
1116 ** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1117 */
1118 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1119 
1120 /*
1121 ** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
1122 **
1123 ** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
1124 ** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
1125 ** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
1126 ** on some platforms.
1127 */
1128 typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
1129 
1130 /*
1131 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1132 **
1133 ** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1134 ** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1135 ** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1136 ** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1137 **
1138 ** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
1139 ** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
1140 ** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
1141 ** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
1142 ** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
1143 ** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
1144 ** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
1145 ** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
1146 ** Note that the structure
1147 ** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transition from
1148 ** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
1149 ** and yet the iVersion field was not modified.
1150 **
1151 ** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1152 ** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1153 ** a pathname in this VFS.
1154 **
1155 ** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1156 ** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1157 ** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1158 ** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1159 ** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1160 ** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1161 **
1162 ** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1163 ** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1164 ** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1165 ** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1166 ** object once the object has been registered.
1167 **
1168 ** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1169 ** be unique across all VFS modules.
1170 **
1171 ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1172 ** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1173 ** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1174 ** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1175 ** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1176 ** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1177 ** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1178 ** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1179 ** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1180 ** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1181 ** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1182 ** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1183 ** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1184 ** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1185 ** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1186 ** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1187 **
1188 ** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1189 ** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1190 ** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1191 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1192 ** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1193 ** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1194 **
1195 ** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1196 ** call, depending on the object being opened:
1197 **
1198 ** <ul>
1199 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1200 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1201 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1202 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1203 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1204 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1205 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1206 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1207 ** </ul>)^
1208 **
1209 ** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1210 ** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1211 ** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1212 ** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1213 ** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1214 ** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1215 ** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1216 ** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1217 **
1218 ** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1219 **
1220 ** <ul>
1221 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1222 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1223 ** </ul>
1224 **
1225 ** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1226 ** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1227 ** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1228 ** databases, and subjournals.
1229 **
1230 ** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1231 ** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1232 ** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1233 ** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1234 ** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1235 ** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1236 ** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1237 ** for exclusive access.
1238 **
1239 ** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1240 ** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1241 ** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1242 ** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1243 ** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1244 ** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1245 ** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1246 ** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1247 ** or failure of the xOpen call.
1248 **
1249 ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1250 ** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1251 ** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1252 ** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1253 ** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1254 ** directory.
1255 **
1256 ** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1257 ** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1258 ** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1259 ** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1260 ** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1261 ** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1262 **
1263 ** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1264 ** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1265 ** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1266 ** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1267 ** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1268 ** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1269 ** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1270 ** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1271 ** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1272 ** a floating point value.
1273 ** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1274 ** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1275 ** a 24-hour day).
1276 ** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1277 ** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1278 ** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1279 ** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1280 **
1281 ** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1282 ** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1283 ** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1284 ** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1285 ** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1286 ** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1287 ** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1288 ** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1289 ** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1290 ** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1291 ** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1292 */
1293 typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1294 typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1295 struct sqlite3_vfs {
1296   int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1297   int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1298   int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1299   sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1300   const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1301   void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1302   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1303                int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1304   int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1305   int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1306   int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1307   void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1308   void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1309   void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1310   void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1311   int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1312   int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1313   int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1314   int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1315   /*
1316   ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1317   ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1318   */
1319   int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1320   /*
1321   ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1322   ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1323   */
1324   int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1325   sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1326   const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1327   /*
1328   ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1329   ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1330   ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1331   */
1332 };
1333 
1334 /*
1335 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1336 **
1337 ** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1338 ** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1339 ** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1340 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1341 ** simply checks whether the file exists.
1342 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1343 ** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1344 ** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1345 ** the directory).
1346 ** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1347 ** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1348 ** release of SQLite.
1349 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1350 ** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1351 ** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1352 ** SQLite.
1353 */
1354 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1355 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1356 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1357 
1358 /*
1359 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1360 **
1361 ** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1362 ** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1363 ** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1364 ** xShmLock method:
1365 **
1366 ** <ul>
1367 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1368 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1369 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1370 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1371 ** </ul>
1372 **
1373 ** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1374 ** was given on the corresponding lock.
1375 **
1376 ** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1377 ** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1378 ** and EXCLUSIVE.
1379 */
1380 #define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1381 #define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1382 #define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1383 #define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1384 
1385 /*
1386 ** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1387 **
1388 ** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1389 ** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1390 ** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1391 ** lock outside of this range
1392 */
1393 #define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1394 
1395 
1396 /*
1397 ** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1398 **
1399 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1400 ** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1401 ** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1402 ** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1403 ** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1404 ** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1405 **
1406 ** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1407 ** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1408 ** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1409 ** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1410 ** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1411 ** are harmless no-ops.)^
1412 **
1413 ** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1414 ** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1415 ** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1416 ** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1417 **
1418 ** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1419 ** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1420 ** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1421 ** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1422 ** sqlite3_shutdown().
1423 **
1424 ** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1425 ** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1426 ** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1427 **
1428 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1429 ** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1430 ** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1431 ** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1432 **
1433 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1434 ** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1435 ** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1436 ** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1437 ** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1438 ** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1439 ** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1440 ** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1441 ** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1442 ** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1443 ** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1444 ** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1445 ** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1446 ** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1447 **
1448 ** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1449 ** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1450 ** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1451 ** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1452 ** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1453 ** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1454 ** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1455 **
1456 ** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1457 ** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1458 ** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1459 ** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1460 ** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1461 ** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1462 ** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1463 ** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1464 ** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1465 ** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1466 ** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1467 ** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1468 ** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1469 ** failure.
1470 */
1471 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1472 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1473 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1474 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1475 
1476 /*
1477 ** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1478 **
1479 ** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1480 ** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1481 ** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1482 ** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1483 ** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1484 **
1485 ** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1486 ** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1487 ** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1488 **
1489 ** The sqlite3_config() interface
1490 ** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1491 ** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1492 ** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1493 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1494 ** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1495 ** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1496 **
1497 ** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1498 ** [configuration option] that determines
1499 ** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1500 ** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1501 ** in the first argument.
1502 **
1503 ** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1504 ** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1505 ** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1506 */
1507 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1508 
1509 /*
1510 ** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1511 ** METHOD: sqlite3
1512 **
1513 ** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1514 ** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1515 ** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1516 ** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1517 **
1518 ** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1519 ** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1520 ** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1521 ** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1522 **
1523 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1524 ** the call is considered successful.
1525 */
1526 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1527 
1528 /*
1529 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1530 **
1531 ** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1532 ** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1533 **
1534 ** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1535 ** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1536 ** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1537 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1538 ** By creating an instance of this object
1539 ** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1540 ** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1541 ** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1542 ** dynamic memory needs.
1543 **
1544 ** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1545 ** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1546 ** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1547 ** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1548 ** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1549 ** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1550 ** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1551 ** conditions.
1552 **
1553 ** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1554 ** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1555 ** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1556 ** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1557 **
1558 ** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1559 ** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1560 ** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1561 **
1562 ** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1563 ** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1564 ** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1565 ** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1566 ** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1567 ** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1568 ** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1569 **
1570 ** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1571 ** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1572 ** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1573 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1574 ** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1575 ** xInit and xShutdown.
1576 **
1577 ** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1578 ** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1579 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1580 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1581 ** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1582 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1583 ** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1584 ** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1585 ** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1586 ** serialization.
1587 **
1588 ** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1589 ** call to xShutdown().
1590 */
1591 typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1592 struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1593   void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1594   void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1595   void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1596   int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1597   int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1598   int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1599   void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1600   void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1601 };
1602 
1603 /*
1604 ** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1605 ** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1606 **
1607 ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1608 ** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1609 **
1610 ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1611 ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1612 ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1613 ** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1614 ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1615 ** is invoked.
1616 **
1617 ** <dl>
1618 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1619 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1620 ** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1621 ** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1622 ** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1623 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1624 ** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1625 ** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1626 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1627 ** configuration option.</dd>
1628 **
1629 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1630 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1631 ** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1632 ** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1633 ** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1634 ** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1635 ** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1636 ** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1637 ** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1638 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1639 ** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1640 ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1641 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1642 **
1643 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1644 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1645 ** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1646 ** all mutexes including the recursive
1647 ** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1648 ** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1649 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1650 ** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1651 ** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1652 ** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1653 ** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1654 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1655 ** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1656 ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1657 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1658 **
1659 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1660 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1661 ** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1662 ** The argument specifies
1663 ** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1664 ** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1665 ** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1666 ** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1667 **
1668 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1669 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1670 ** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1671 ** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1672 ** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1673 ** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1674 ** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1675 ** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1676 **
1677 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
1678 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes single argument of
1679 ** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
1680 ** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
1681 ** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
1682 ** but some application might prefer to run slower in exchange for
1683 ** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
1684 ** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
1685 ** </dd>
1686 **
1687 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1688 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1689 ** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1690 ** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1691 ** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1692 **   <ul>
1693 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1694 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1695 **   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1696 **   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1697 **   </ul>)^
1698 ** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1699 ** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1700 ** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1701 ** </dd>
1702 **
1703 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1704 ** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
1705 ** </dd>
1706 **
1707 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1708 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1709 ** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1710 ** cache implementation.
1711 ** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-define page
1712 ** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1713 ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1714 ** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1715 ** and the number of cache lines (N).
1716 ** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1717 ** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1718 ** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1719 ** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1720 ** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1721 ** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1722 ** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1723 ** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1724 ** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1725 ** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1726 ** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1727 ** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1728 ** is exhausted.
1729 ** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1730 ** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1731 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1732 ** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1733 ** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1734 ** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1735 ** additional cache line. </dd>
1736 **
1737 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1738 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1739 ** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1740 ** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1741 ** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1742 ** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1743 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1744 ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1745 ** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1746 ** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1747 ** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1748 ** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1749 ** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1750 ** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1751 ** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1752 ** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1753 ** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1754 ** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1755 ** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1756 **
1757 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1758 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1759 ** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1760 ** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1761 ** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1762 ** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1763 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1764 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1765 ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1766 ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1767 ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1768 **
1769 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1770 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1771 ** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1772 ** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1773 ** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1774 ** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1775 ** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1776 ** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1777 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1778 ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1779 ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1780 ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1781 **
1782 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1783 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1784 ** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1785 ** The first argument is the
1786 ** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1787 ** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1788 ** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1789 ** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1790 ** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1791 **
1792 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1793 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1794 ** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1795 ** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1796 ** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1797 **
1798 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1799 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1800 ** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1801 ** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1802 **
1803 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1804 ** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1805 ** global [error log].
1806 ** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1807 ** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1808 ** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1809 ** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1810 ** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1811 ** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1812 ** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1813 ** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1814 ** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1815 ** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1816 ** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1817 ** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1818 ** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1819 ** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1820 ** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1821 ** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1822 **
1823 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1824 ** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1825 ** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1826 ** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1827 ** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1828 ** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1829 ** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1830 ** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1831 ** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1832 ** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1833 ** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1834 ** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1835 ** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1836 **
1837 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1838 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1839 ** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1840 ** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1841 ** ^The default setting is determined
1842 ** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1843 ** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1844 ** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1845 ** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1846 ** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1847 ** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1848 ** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1849 **
1850 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1851 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1852 ** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1853 ** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1854 ** </dd>
1855 **
1856 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1857 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1858 ** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1859 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1860 ** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1861 ** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1862 ** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1863 ** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1864 ** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1865 ** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1866 ** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1867 ** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1868 ** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1869 ** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1870 ** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1871 ** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1872 **
1873 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1874 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1875 ** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1876 ** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1877 ** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1878 ** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1879 ** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1880 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1881 ** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1882 ** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1883 ** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1884 ** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1885 ** changed to its compile-time default.
1886 **
1887 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1888 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1889 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1890 ** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1891 ** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1892 ** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1893 **
1894 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1895 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1896 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1897 ** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1898 ** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1899 ** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1900 ** target platform, and SQLite version.
1901 **
1902 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1903 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1904 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1905 ** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1906 ** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1907 ** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1908 ** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1909 ** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1910 ** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1911 ** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1912 **
1913 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
1914 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
1915 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
1916 ** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
1917 ** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
1918 ** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
1919 ** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
1920 ** exclusively in memory.
1921 ** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
1922 ** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
1923 ** I/O required to support statement rollback.
1924 ** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
1925 ** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
1926 ** </dl>
1927 */
1928 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1929 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1930 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1931 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1932 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1933 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* No longer used */
1934 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1935 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1936 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1937 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1938 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1939 /* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1940 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1941 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1942 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1943 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1944 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1945 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1946 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1947 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1948 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1949 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1950 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
1951 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
1952 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
1953 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
1954 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
1955 
1956 /*
1957 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1958 **
1959 ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1960 ** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1961 **
1962 ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1963 ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1964 ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1965 ** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1966 ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1967 ** is invoked.
1968 **
1969 ** <dl>
1970 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1971 ** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1972 ** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1973 ** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1974 ** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1975 ** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1976 ** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1977 ** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1978 ** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1979 ** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1980 ** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1981 ** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1982 ** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1983 ** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1984 ** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1985 ** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1986 ** when the "current value" returned by
1987 ** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1988 ** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1989 ** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1990 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1991 **
1992 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1993 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1994 ** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1995 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1996 ** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1997 ** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1998 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1999 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2000 ** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
2001 **
2002 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
2003 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
2004 ** There should be two additional arguments.
2005 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
2006 ** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2007 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2008 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
2009 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2010 ** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
2011 **
2012 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
2013 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the two-argument
2014 ** version of the [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
2015 ** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
2016 ** There should be two additional arguments.
2017 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
2018 ** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
2019 ** unchanged.
2020 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2021 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
2022 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2023 ** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
2024 **
2025 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
2026 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
2027 ** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
2028 ** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
2029 ** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
2030 ** There should be two additional arguments.
2031 ** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
2032 ** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
2033 ** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
2034 ** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
2035 ** C-API or the SQL function.
2036 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2037 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
2038 ** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
2039 ** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
2040 ** </dd>
2041 **
2042 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
2043 ** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
2044 ** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
2045 ** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
2046 ** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
2047 ** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged
2048 ** until after the database connection closes.
2049 ** </dd>
2050 **
2051 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
2052 ** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a
2053 ** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
2054 ** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
2055 ** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
2056 ** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
2057 ** is an integer - non-zero to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
2058 ** default) to enable them. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer
2059 ** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
2060 ** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
2061 ** </dd>
2062 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
2063 ** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
2064 ** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
2065 ** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
2066 ** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
2067 ** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
2068 ** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
2069 ** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
2070 ** was used during testing in the lab.
2071 ** </dd>
2072 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
2073 ** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not
2074 ** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
2075 ** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
2076 ** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
2077 ** non-zero to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it.
2078 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written
2079 ** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if
2080 ** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.
2081 ** </dd>
2082 ** </dl>
2083 */
2084 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
2085 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
2086 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
2087 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
2088 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
2089 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
2090 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
2091 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
2092 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
2093 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1008 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
2094 
2095 /*
2096 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
2097 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2098 **
2099 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
2100 ** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
2101 ** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
2102 */
2103 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
2104 
2105 /*
2106 ** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
2107 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2108 **
2109 ** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
2110 ** has a unique 64-bit signed
2111 ** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
2112 ** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
2113 ** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
2114 ** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
2115 ** is another alias for the rowid.
2116 **
2117 ** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface usually returns the [rowid] of
2118 ** the most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
2119 ** on database connection D. ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not
2120 ** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred
2121 ** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns
2122 ** zero.
2123 **
2124 ** As well as being set automatically as rows are inserted into database
2125 ** tables, the value returned by this function may be set explicitly by
2126 ** [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()]
2127 **
2128 ** Some virtual table implementations may INSERT rows into rowid tables as
2129 ** part of committing a transaction (e.g. to flush data accumulated in memory
2130 ** to disk). In this case subsequent calls to this function return the rowid
2131 ** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to
2132 ** unintuitive results. Virtual table implementations that do write to rowid
2133 ** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original
2134 ** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning
2135 ** control to the user.
2136 **
2137 ** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will
2138 ** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is
2139 ** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned
2140 ** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger was fired.)^
2141 **
2142 ** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
2143 ** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
2144 ** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
2145 ** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
2146 ** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
2147 ** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
2148 ** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
2149 ** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
2150 ** the return value of this interface.)^
2151 **
2152 ** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
2153 ** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
2154 **
2155 ** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
2156 ** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
2157 **
2158 ** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
2159 ** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
2160 ** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
2161 ** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2162 ** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2163 ** last insert [rowid].
2164 */
2165 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2166 
2167 /*
2168 ** CAPI3REF: Set the Last Insert Rowid value.
2169 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2170 **
2171 ** The sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(D, R) method allows the application to
2172 ** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R
2173 ** without inserting a row into the database.
2174 */
2175 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
2176 
2177 /*
2178 ** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2179 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2180 **
2181 ** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
2182 ** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2183 ** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2184 ** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
2185 ** returned by this function.
2186 **
2187 ** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2188 ** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2189 ** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2190 **
2191 ** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2192 ** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2193 ** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2194 ** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2195 ** tables are counted.
2196 **
2197 ** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2198 ** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2199 ** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2200 ** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2201 **
2202 ** <ul>
2203 **   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2204 **        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2205 **        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2206 **
2207 **   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2208 **        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2209 **        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2210 **        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2211 **        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2212 ** </ul>
2213 **
2214 ** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2215 ** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2216 ** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2217 ** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2218 ** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2219 ** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2220 **
2221 ** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
2222 ** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
2223 **
2224 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2225 ** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2226 ** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2227 */
2228 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2229 
2230 /*
2231 ** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2232 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2233 **
2234 ** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2235 ** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2236 ** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2237 ** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
2238 ** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
2239 **
2240 ** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2241 ** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2242 ** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2243 ** are not counted.
2244 **
2245 ** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
2246 ** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
2247 **
2248 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2249 ** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2250 ** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2251 */
2252 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2253 
2254 /*
2255 ** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2256 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2257 **
2258 ** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2259 ** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2260 ** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2261 ** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2262 ** immediately.
2263 **
2264 ** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2265 ** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2266 ** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2267 ** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2268 **
2269 ** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2270 ** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2271 ** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2272 **
2273 ** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2274 ** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2275 ** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2276 ** will be rolled back automatically.
2277 **
2278 ** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2279 ** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2280 ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2281 ** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2282 ** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2283 ** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2284 ** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2285 ** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2286 ** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2287 ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2288 */
2289 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2290 
2291 /*
2292 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2293 **
2294 ** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2295 ** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2296 ** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2297 ** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2298 ** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2299 ** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2300 ** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2301 ** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2302 ** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2303 ** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2304 ** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2305 **
2306 ** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2307 ** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2308 **
2309 ** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2310 ** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2311 **
2312 ** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2313 ** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2314 ** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2315 ** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2316 ** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2317 **
2318 ** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2319 ** UTF-8 string.
2320 **
2321 ** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2322 ** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2323 */
2324 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2325 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2326 
2327 /*
2328 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2329 ** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2330 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2331 **
2332 ** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2333 ** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2334 ** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2335 ** [database connection] D when another thread
2336 ** or process has the table locked.
2337 ** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2338 ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2339 **
2340 ** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2341 ** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2342 ** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2343 **
2344 ** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2345 ** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2346 ** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2347 ** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2348 ** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2349 ** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2350 ** to the application.
2351 ** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2352 ** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2353 **
2354 ** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2355 ** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2356 ** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2357 ** to the application instead of invoking the
2358 ** busy handler.
2359 ** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2360 ** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2361 ** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2362 ** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2363 ** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2364 ** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2365 ** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2366 ** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2367 ** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2368 ** the second process to proceed.
2369 **
2370 ** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2371 **
2372 ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2373 ** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2374 ** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2375 ** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2376 ** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2377 **
2378 ** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2379 ** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2380 ** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2381 ** result in undefined behavior.
2382 **
2383 ** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2384 ** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2385 */
2386 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
2387 
2388 /*
2389 ** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2390 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2391 **
2392 ** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2393 ** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2394 ** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2395 ** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2396 ** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2397 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2398 **
2399 ** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2400 ** turns off all busy handlers.
2401 **
2402 ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2403 ** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2404 ** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2405 ** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2406 **
2407 ** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2408 */
2409 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2410 
2411 /*
2412 ** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2413 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2414 **
2415 ** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2416 ** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2417 **
2418 ** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2419 ** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2420 ** complete query results from one or more queries.
2421 **
2422 ** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2423 ** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2424 ** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2425 ** and M be the number of columns.
2426 **
2427 ** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2428 ** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2429 ** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2430 ** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2431 ** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2432 ** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2433 **
2434 ** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2435 ** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2436 ** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2437 **
2438 ** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2439 ** is as follows:
2440 **
2441 ** <blockquote><pre>
2442 **        Name        | Age
2443 **        -----------------------
2444 **        Alice       | 43
2445 **        Bob         | 28
2446 **        Cindy       | 21
2447 ** </pre></blockquote>
2448 **
2449 ** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2450 ** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2451 ** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2452 **
2453 ** <blockquote><pre>
2454 **        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2455 **        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2456 **        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2457 **        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2458 **        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2459 **        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2460 **        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2461 **        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2462 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
2463 **
2464 ** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2465 ** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2466 ** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2467 ** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2468 **
2469 ** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2470 ** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2471 ** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2472 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2473 ** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2474 ** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2475 **
2476 ** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2477 ** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2478 ** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2479 ** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2480 ** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2481 ** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2482 ** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2483 */
2484 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_table(
2485   sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2486   const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2487   char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2488   int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2489   int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2490   char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2491 );
2492 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2493 
2494 /*
2495 ** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2496 **
2497 ** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2498 ** from the standard C library.
2499 ** These routines understand most of the common K&R formatting options,
2500 ** plus some additional non-standard formats, detailed below.
2501 ** Note that some of the more obscure formatting options from recent
2502 ** C-library standards are omitted from this implementation.
2503 **
2504 ** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2505 ** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2506 ** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2507 ** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2508 ** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2509 ** memory to hold the resulting string.
2510 **
2511 ** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2512 ** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2513 ** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2514 ** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2515 ** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2516 ** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2517 ** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2518 ** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2519 ** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2520 ** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2521 ** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2522 ** now without breaking compatibility.
2523 **
2524 ** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2525 ** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2526 ** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2527 ** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2528 ** written will be n-1 characters.
2529 **
2530 ** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2531 **
2532 ** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2533 ** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2534 ** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2535 ** is are "%q", "%Q", "%w" and "%z" options.
2536 **
2537 ** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2538 ** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2539 ** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2540 ** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2541 ** the string.
2542 **
2543 ** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2544 **
2545 ** <blockquote><pre>
2546 **  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2547 ** </pre></blockquote>
2548 **
2549 ** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2550 **
2551 ** <blockquote><pre>
2552 **  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2553 **  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2554 **  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2555 ** </pre></blockquote>
2556 **
2557 ** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2558 ** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2559 **
2560 ** <blockquote><pre>
2561 **  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2562 ** </pre></blockquote>
2563 **
2564 ** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2565 ** would have looked like this:
2566 **
2567 ** <blockquote><pre>
2568 **  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2569 ** </pre></blockquote>
2570 **
2571 ** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2572 ** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2573 **
2574 ** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2575 ** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2576 ** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2577 ** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2578 **
2579 ** <blockquote><pre>
2580 **  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2581 **  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2582 **  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2583 ** </pre></blockquote>
2584 **
2585 ** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2586 ** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2587 **
2588 ** ^(The "%w" formatting option is like "%q" except that it expects to
2589 ** be contained within double-quotes instead of single quotes, and it
2590 ** escapes the double-quote character instead of the single-quote
2591 ** character.)^  The "%w" formatting option is intended for safely inserting
2592 ** table and column names into a constructed SQL statement.
2593 **
2594 ** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2595 ** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2596 ** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2597 */
2598 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2599 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2600 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2601 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2602 
2603 /*
2604 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2605 **
2606 ** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2607 ** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2608 ** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2609 ** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2610 **
2611 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2612 ** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2613 ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2614 ** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2615 ** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2616 ** a NULL pointer.
2617 **
2618 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2619 ** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2620 ** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2621 **
2622 ** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2623 ** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2624 ** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2625 ** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2626 ** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2627 ** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2628 ** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2629 ** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2630 ** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2631 ** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2632 **
2633 ** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2634 ** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2635 ** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2636 ** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2637 ** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2638 ** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2639 ** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2640 ** sqlite3_free(X).
2641 ** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2642 ** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2643 ** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2644 ** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2645 ** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2646 ** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2647 ** prior allocation is not freed.
2648 **
2649 ** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2650 ** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2651 ** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2652 **
2653 ** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2654 ** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2655 ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2656 ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2657 ** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2658 ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2659 ** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2660 ** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2661 ** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2662 **
2663 ** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2664 ** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2665 ** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2666 ** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2667 ** option is used.
2668 **
2669 ** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2670 ** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2671 ** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2672 ** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2673 **
2674 ** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2675 ** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2676 ** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2677 ** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2678 ** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2679 ** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2680 ** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2681 **
2682 ** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2683 ** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2684 ** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2685 ** not yet been released.
2686 **
2687 ** The application must not read or write any part of
2688 ** a block of memory after it has been released using
2689 ** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2690 */
2691 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2692 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2693 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2694 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2695 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free(void*);
2696 SQLITE_API sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
2697 
2698 /*
2699 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2700 **
2701 ** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2702 ** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2703 ** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2704 **
2705 ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2706 ** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2707 ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2708 ** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2709 ** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2710 ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2711 ** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2712 ** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2713 ** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2714 **
2715 ** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2716 ** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2717 ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2718 ** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2719 ** prior to the reset.
2720 */
2721 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2722 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2723 
2724 /*
2725 ** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2726 **
2727 ** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2728 ** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2729 ** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2730 ** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2731 ** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2732 **
2733 ** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2734 ** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2735 **
2736 ** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2737 ** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2738 ** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2739 ** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2740 ** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2741 ** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2742 ** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2743 ** method.
2744 */
2745 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2746 
2747 /*
2748 ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2749 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2750 ** KEYWORDS: {authorizer callback}
2751 **
2752 ** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2753 ** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2754 ** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2755 ** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2756 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
2757 ** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
2758 ** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2759 ** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2760 ** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2761 ** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2762 ** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2763 ** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2764 ** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2765 ** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2766 ** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2767 ** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2768 **
2769 ** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2770 ** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2771 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2772 ** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2773 ** access is denied.
2774 **
2775 ** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2776 ** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2777 ** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2778 ** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2779 ** to the callback are either NULL pointers or zero-terminated strings
2780 ** that contain additional details about the action to be authorized.
2781 ** Applications must always be prepared to encounter a NULL pointer in any
2782 ** of the third through the sixth parameters of the authorization callback.
2783 **
2784 ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2785 ** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2786 ** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2787 ** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2788 ** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2789 ** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2790 ** columns of a table.
2791 ** ^When a table is referenced by a [SELECT] but no column values are
2792 ** extracted from that table (for example in a query like
2793 ** "SELECT count(*) FROM tab") then the [SQLITE_READ] authorizer callback
2794 ** is invoked once for that table with a column name that is an empty string.
2795 ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2796 ** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2797 ** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2798 **
2799 ** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2800 ** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2801 ** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2802 ** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2803 ** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2804 ** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2805 ** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2806 ** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2807 ** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2808 ** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2809 **
2810 ** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2811 ** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2812 ** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2813 ** in addition to using an authorizer.
2814 **
2815 ** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2816 ** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2817 ** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2818 ** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2819 **
2820 ** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2821 ** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2822 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2823 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2824 **
2825 ** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2826 ** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2827 ** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2828 ** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2829 **
2830 ** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2831 ** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2832 ** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2833 ** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2834 ** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2835 */
2836 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2837   sqlite3*,
2838   int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2839   void *pUserData
2840 );
2841 
2842 /*
2843 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2844 **
2845 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2846 ** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2847 ** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2848 ** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2849 ** information.
2850 **
2851 ** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
2852 ** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2853 */
2854 #define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2855 #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2856 
2857 /*
2858 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2859 **
2860 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2861 ** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2862 ** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2863 ** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2864 ** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2865 **
2866 ** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2867 ** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2868 ** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2869 ** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2870 ** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2871 ** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2872 ** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2873 ** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2874 ** top-level SQL code.
2875 */
2876 /******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2877 #define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2878 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2879 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2880 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2881 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2882 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2883 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2884 #define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2885 #define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2886 #define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2887 #define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2888 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2889 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2890 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2891 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2892 #define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2893 #define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2894 #define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2895 #define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2896 #define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2897 #define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2898 #define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2899 #define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2900 #define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2901 #define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2902 #define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2903 #define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2904 #define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2905 #define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2906 #define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2907 #define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2908 #define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2909 #define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2910 #define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2911 
2912 /*
2913 ** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2914 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2915 **
2916 ** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
2917 ** instead of the routines described here.
2918 **
2919 ** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2920 ** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2921 **
2922 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2923 ** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2924 ** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2925 ** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2926 ** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2927 ** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2928 ** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2929 **
2930 ** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2931 ** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2932 **
2933 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2934 ** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2935 ** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2936 ** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2937 ** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2938 ** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2939 ** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2940 ** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2941 ** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2942 ** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2943 */
2944 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
2945    void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2946 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2947    void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2948 
2949 /*
2950 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
2951 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
2952 **
2953 ** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
2954 ** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The M argument
2955 ** to [sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
2956 ** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
2957 ** is one of the following constants.
2958 **
2959 ** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
2960 **
2961 ** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
2962 ** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
2963 ** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
2964 ** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
2965 ** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
2966 **
2967 ** <dl>
2968 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
2969 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
2970 ** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
2971 ** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
2972 ** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
2973 ** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
2974 ** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
2975 ** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
2976 ** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
2977 ** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
2978 ** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
2979 **
2980 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
2981 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
2982 ** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
2983 ** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
2984 ** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of
2985 ** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.
2986 ** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
2987 **
2988 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
2989 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
2990 ** statement generates a single row of result.
2991 ** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
2992 ** X argument is unused.
2993 **
2994 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
2995 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
2996 ** connection closes.
2997 ** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
2998 ** and the X argument is unused.
2999 ** </dl>
3000 */
3001 #define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
3002 #define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
3003 #define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
3004 #define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
3005 
3006 /*
3007 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
3008 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3009 **
3010 ** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
3011 ** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
3012 ** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
3013 ** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
3014 ** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
3015 ** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
3016 **
3017 ** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides
3018 ** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
3019 **
3020 ** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
3021 ** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
3022 ** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
3023 ** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
3024 **
3025 ** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
3026 ** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
3027 ** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
3028 ** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
3029 ** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3030 **
3031 ** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
3032 ** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
3033 ** are deprecated.
3034 */
3035 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_trace_v2(
3036   sqlite3*,
3037   unsigned uMask,
3038   int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
3039   void *pCtx
3040 );
3041 
3042 /*
3043 ** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
3044 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3045 **
3046 ** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
3047 ** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
3048 ** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
3049 ** database connection D.  An example use for this
3050 ** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
3051 **
3052 ** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
3053 ** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
3054 ** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
3055 ** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
3056 ** handler is disabled.
3057 **
3058 ** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
3059 ** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
3060 ** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
3061 ** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
3062 ** than 1.
3063 **
3064 ** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
3065 ** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
3066 ** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
3067 **
3068 ** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
3069 ** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
3070 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3071 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3072 **
3073 */
3074 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
3075 
3076 /*
3077 ** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
3078 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
3079 **
3080 ** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
3081 ** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
3082 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
3083 ** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
3084 ** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
3085 ** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
3086 ** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
3087 ** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
3088 ** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
3089 ** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
3090 ** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
3091 ** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
3092 **
3093 ** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
3094 ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
3095 ** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
3096 **
3097 ** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
3098 ** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
3099 ** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
3100 **
3101 ** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
3102 ** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
3103 ** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
3104 ** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
3105 ** the following three values, optionally combined with the
3106 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
3107 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
3108 **
3109 ** <dl>
3110 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
3111 ** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
3112 ** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
3113 **
3114 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
3115 ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
3116 ** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
3117 ** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
3118 **
3119 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
3120 ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
3121 ** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
3122 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
3123 ** </dl>
3124 **
3125 ** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
3126 ** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
3127 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
3128 ** then the behavior is undefined.
3129 **
3130 ** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
3131 ** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
3132 ** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
3133 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
3134 ** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
3135 ** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
3136 ** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
3137 ** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
3138 ** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
3139 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
3140 ** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
3141 **
3142 ** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
3143 ** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
3144 ** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
3145 ** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
3146 **
3147 ** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
3148 ** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
3149 ** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
3150 ** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
3151 ** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
3152 ** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
3153 ** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
3154 **
3155 ** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
3156 ** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
3157 ** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
3158 **
3159 ** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
3160 **
3161 ** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
3162 ** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
3163 ** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
3164 ** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
3165 ** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
3166 ** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
3167 ** URI filename interpretation is turned off
3168 ** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
3169 ** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
3170 ** information.
3171 **
3172 ** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
3173 ** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
3174 ** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
3175 ** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
3176 ** present, is ignored.
3177 **
3178 ** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
3179 ** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
3180 ** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
3181 ** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
3182 ** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
3183 ** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
3184 ** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
3185 **
3186 ** [[core URI query parameters]]
3187 ** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
3188 ** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
3189 ** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
3190 ** following query parameters:
3191 **
3192 ** <ul>
3193 **   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
3194 **     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
3195 **     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
3196 **     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
3197 **     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
3198 **     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
3199 **     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3200 **
3201 **   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
3202 **     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
3203 **     an error)^.
3204 **     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
3205 **     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
3206 **     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
3207 **     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
3208 **     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
3209 **     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
3210 **     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
3211 **     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
3212 **     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
3213 **     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
3214 **     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3215 **
3216 **   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
3217 **     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
3218 **     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
3219 **     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
3220 **     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
3221 **     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
3222 **     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
3223 **     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
3224 **
3225 **  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
3226 **     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
3227 **     storage media on which the database file resides.
3228 **
3229 **  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
3230 **     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
3231 **     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
3232 **     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
3233 **     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
3234 **     processes uses nolock=1.
3235 **
3236 **  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
3237 **     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
3238 **     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
3239 **     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
3240 **     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
3241 **     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
3242 **     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
3243 **     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
3244 **     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
3245 **
3246 ** </ul>
3247 **
3248 ** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
3249 ** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
3250 ** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
3251 ** additional information.
3252 **
3253 ** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
3254 **
3255 ** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
3256 ** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
3257 ** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
3258 **          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
3259 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
3260 **          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
3261 **          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
3262 **          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
3263 ** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
3264 **          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
3265 ** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
3266 **          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
3267 **     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
3268 **          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
3269 **          necessary - space characters can be used literally
3270 **          in URI filenames.
3271 ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
3272 **          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
3273 **          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3274 **          default, use a private cache.
3275 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3276 **          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3277 **          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3278 ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3279 **          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3280 ** </table>
3281 **
3282 ** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3283 ** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3284 ** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3285 ** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3286 ** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3287 ** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3288 ** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3289 ** the results are undefined.
3290 **
3291 ** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3292 ** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3293 ** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3294 ** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3295 ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3296 **
3297 ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3298 ** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3299 ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3300 **
3301 ** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3302 */
3303 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open(
3304   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3305   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3306 );
3307 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open16(
3308   const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3309   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3310 );
3311 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_v2(
3312   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3313   sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3314   int flags,              /* Flags */
3315   const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3316 );
3317 
3318 /*
3319 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3320 **
3321 ** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
3322 ** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3323 ** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3324 **
3325 ** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
3326 ** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
3327 ** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
3328 ** P is the name of the query parameter, then
3329 ** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3330 ** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3331 ** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
3332 ** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3333 ** a pointer to an empty string.
3334 **
3335 ** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3336 ** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3337 ** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3338 ** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3339 ** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3340 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3341 ** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3342 ** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3343 ** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
3344 ** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3345 **
3346 ** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3347 ** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3348 ** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3349 ** zero is returned.
3350 **
3351 ** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3352 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3353 ** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
3354 ** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
3355 ** undesirable.
3356 */
3357 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3358 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3359 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3360 
3361 
3362 /*
3363 ** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3364 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3365 **
3366 ** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3367 ** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3368 ** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3369 ** API call.
3370 ** If the most recent API call was successful,
3371 ** then the return value from sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.
3372 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3373 ** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3374 ** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3375 ** disabled.
3376 **
3377 ** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3378 ** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3379 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3380 ** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3381 ** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3382 ** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3383 **
3384 ** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3385 ** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3386 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3387 ** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3388 **
3389 ** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3390 ** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3391 ** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3392 ** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3393 ** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3394 ** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3395 ** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3396 ** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3397 ** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3398 **
3399 ** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3400 ** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3401 ** error code and message may or may not be set.
3402 */
3403 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3404 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3405 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3406 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3407 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
3408 
3409 /*
3410 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3411 ** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3412 **
3413 ** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3414 ** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3415 **
3416 ** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3417 ** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3418 ** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3419 ** prepared statement before it can be run.
3420 **
3421 ** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3422 **
3423 ** <ol>
3424 ** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3425 ** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3426 **      interfaces.
3427 ** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3428 ** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3429 **      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3430 ** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3431 ** </ol>
3432 */
3433 typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3434 
3435 /*
3436 ** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3437 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3438 **
3439 ** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3440 ** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3441 ** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3442 ** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3443 ** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3444 ** new limit for that construct.)^
3445 **
3446 ** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3447 ** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3448 ** [limits | hard upper bound]
3449 ** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3450 ** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3451 ** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3452 ** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3453 ** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3454 **
3455 ** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3456 ** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3457 ** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3458 ** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3459 **
3460 ** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3461 ** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3462 ** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3463 ** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3464 ** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3465 ** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3466 ** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3467 ** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3468 ** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3469 ** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3470 ** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3471 ** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3472 **
3473 ** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3474 */
3475 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3476 
3477 /*
3478 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3479 ** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3480 **
3481 ** These constants define various performance limits
3482 ** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3483 ** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3484 ** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3485 **
3486 ** <dl>
3487 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3488 ** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3489 **
3490 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3491 ** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3492 **
3493 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3494 ** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3495 ** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3496 ** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3497 **
3498 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3499 ** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3500 **
3501 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3502 ** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3503 **
3504 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3505 ** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3506 ** used to implement an SQL statement.  If [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
3507 ** the equivalent tries to allocate space for more than this many opcodes
3508 ** in a single prepared statement, an SQLITE_NOMEM error is returned.</dd>)^
3509 **
3510 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3511 ** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3512 **
3513 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3514 ** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3515 **
3516 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3517 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3518 ** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3519 ** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3520 **
3521 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3522 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3523 ** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3524 **
3525 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3526 ** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3527 **
3528 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3529 ** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3530 ** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3531 ** </dl>
3532 */
3533 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3534 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3535 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3536 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3537 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3538 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3539 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3540 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3541 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3542 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3543 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3544 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3545 
3546 /*
3547 ** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
3548 **
3549 ** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
3550 ** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
3551 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
3552 **
3553 ** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
3554 **
3555 ** <dl>
3556 ** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
3557 ** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
3558 ** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
3559 ** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
3560 ** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will
3561 ** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
3562 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
3563 ** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
3564 ** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
3565 ** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
3566 ** </dl>
3567 */
3568 #define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
3569 
3570 /*
3571 ** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3572 ** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3573 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3574 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
3575 **
3576 ** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3577 ** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
3578 ** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
3579 **
3580 ** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
3581 ** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
3582 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
3583 ** for special purposes.
3584 **
3585 ** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
3586 ** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
3587 ** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
3588 ** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
3589 **
3590 ** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3591 ** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3592 ** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3593 **
3594 ** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3595 ** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
3596 ** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
3597 ** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3598 ** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
3599 **
3600 ** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
3601 ** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
3602 ** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
3603 ** statement is generated.
3604 ** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
3605 ** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
3606 ** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3607 ** the nul-terminator.
3608 **
3609 ** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3610 ** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3611 ** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3612 ** what remains uncompiled.
3613 **
3614 ** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3615 ** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3616 ** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3617 ** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3618 ** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3619 ** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3620 ** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3621 **
3622 ** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3623 ** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3624 **
3625 ** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3626 ** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
3627 ** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
3628 ** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3629 ** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
3630 ** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3631 ** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3632 ** behave differently in three ways:
3633 **
3634 ** <ol>
3635 ** <li>
3636 ** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3637 ** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3638 ** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3639 ** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3640 ** </li>
3641 **
3642 ** <li>
3643 ** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3644 ** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3645 ** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3646 ** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3647 ** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3648 ** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3649 ** </li>
3650 **
3651 ** <li>
3652 ** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3653 ** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3654 ** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3655 ** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3656 ** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3657 ** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3658 ** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3659 ** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3660 ** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3661 ** </li>
3662 **
3663 ** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
3664 ** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
3665 ** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
3666 ** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
3667 ** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
3668 ** </ol>
3669 */
3670 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare(
3671   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3672   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3673   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3674   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3675   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3676 );
3677 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3678   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3679   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3680   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3681   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3682   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3683 );
3684 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
3685   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3686   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3687   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3688   unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
3689   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3690   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3691 );
3692 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16(
3693   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3694   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3695   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3696   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3697   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3698 );
3699 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3700   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3701   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3702   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3703   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3704   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3705 );
3706 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
3707   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3708   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3709   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3710   unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
3711   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3712   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3713 );
3714 
3715 /*
3716 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3717 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3718 **
3719 ** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
3720 ** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
3721 ** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
3722 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
3723 ** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
3724 ** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
3725 ** [bound parameters] expanded.
3726 **
3727 ** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
3728 ** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
3729 ** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
3730 ** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
3731 ** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
3732 **
3733 ** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
3734 ** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
3735 ** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
3736 **
3737 ** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
3738 ** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
3739 ** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
3740 **
3741 ** ^The string returned by sqlite3_sql(P) is managed by SQLite and is
3742 ** automatically freed when the prepared statement is finalized.
3743 ** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
3744 ** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be free by the application
3745 ** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
3746 */
3747 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3748 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3749 
3750 /*
3751 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3752 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3753 **
3754 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3755 ** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3756 ** the content of the database file.
3757 **
3758 ** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3759 ** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3760 ** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3761 ** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3762 ** change the database file through side-effects:
3763 **
3764 ** <blockquote><pre>
3765 **    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3766 ** </pre></blockquote>
3767 **
3768 ** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3769 ** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3770 **
3771 ** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3772 ** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3773 ** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3774 ** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3775 ** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3776 ** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3777 ** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3778 ** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3779 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
3780 ** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
3781 ** [BEGIN|BEGIN EXCLUSIVE] commands do touch the database and so
3782 ** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() returns false for those commands.
3783 */
3784 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3785 
3786 /*
3787 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3788 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3789 **
3790 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3791 ** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3792 ** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
3793 ** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
3794 ** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3795 ** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3796 ** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3797 ** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3798 **
3799 ** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3800 ** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3801 ** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3802 ** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3803 ** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3804 */
3805 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3806 
3807 /*
3808 ** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3809 ** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3810 **
3811 ** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3812 ** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3813 ** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3814 ** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3815 **
3816 ** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3817 ** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3818 ** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3819 ** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3820 ** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
3821 ** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
3822 ** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3823 **
3824 ** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3825 ** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3826 ** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3827 ** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3828 ** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3829 ** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3830 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3831 ** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3832 ** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3833 ** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3834 ** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3835 ** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3836 **
3837 ** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3838 ** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3839 ** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3840 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3841 ** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
3842 ** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
3843 ** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
3844 ** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3845 ** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3846 */
3847 typedef struct sqlite3_value sqlite3_value;
3848 
3849 /*
3850 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3851 **
3852 ** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3853 ** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3854 ** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3855 ** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3856 ** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3857 ** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3858 ** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3859 ** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3860 */
3861 typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3862 
3863 /*
3864 ** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3865 ** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3866 ** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3867 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3868 **
3869 ** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3870 ** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3871 ** templates:
3872 **
3873 ** <ul>
3874 ** <li>  ?
3875 ** <li>  ?NNN
3876 ** <li>  :VVV
3877 ** <li>  @VVV
3878 ** <li>  $VVV
3879 ** </ul>
3880 **
3881 ** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3882 ** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3883 ** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3884 ** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3885 **
3886 ** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3887 ** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3888 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3889 **
3890 ** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3891 ** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3892 ** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3893 ** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3894 ** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3895 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3896 ** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3897 ** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3898 ** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3899 **
3900 ** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3901 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3902 ** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3903 ** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
3904 **
3905 ** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3906 ** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3907 ** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3908 ** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3909 ** is negative, then the length of the string is
3910 ** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3911 ** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3912 ** the behavior is undefined.
3913 ** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3914 ** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
3915 ** that parameter must be the byte offset
3916 ** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3917 ** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3918 ** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3919 ** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3920 ** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3921 **
3922 ** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
3923 ** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3924 ** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3925 ** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
3926 ** ^If the fifth argument is
3927 ** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3928 ** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3929 ** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3930 ** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3931 ** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3932 **
3933 ** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
3934 ** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
3935 ** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
3936 ** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
3937 ** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
3938 ** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
3939 ** is undefined.
3940 **
3941 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3942 ** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3943 ** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3944 ** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3945 ** content is later written using
3946 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3947 ** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3948 **
3949 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
3950 ** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
3951 ** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
3952 ** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
3953 ** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
3954 ** P.  The T parameter should be a static string, preferably a string
3955 ** literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is part of the
3956 ** [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
3957 **
3958 ** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3959 ** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3960 ** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3961 ** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3962 ** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3963 ** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3964 **
3965 ** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3966 ** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3967 **
3968 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3969 ** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3970 ** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
3971 ** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
3972 ** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
3973 ** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3974 ** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3975 **
3976 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3977 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3978 */
3979 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3980 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
3981                         void(*)(void*));
3982 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3983 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3984 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3985 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3986 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
3987 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3988 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
3989                          void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
3990 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3991 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
3992 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3993 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
3994 
3995 /*
3996 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3997 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3998 **
3999 ** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
4000 ** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
4001 ** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
4002 ** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
4003 ** to the parameters at a later time.
4004 **
4005 ** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
4006 ** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
4007 ** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
4008 ** there may be gaps in the list.)^
4009 **
4010 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4011 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
4012 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4013 */
4014 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
4015 
4016 /*
4017 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
4018 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4019 **
4020 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
4021 ** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
4022 ** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4023 ** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4024 ** respectively.
4025 ** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
4026 ** is included as part of the name.)^
4027 ** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
4028 ** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
4029 **
4030 ** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
4031 **
4032 ** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
4033 ** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
4034 ** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
4035 ** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
4036 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4037 **
4038 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4039 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4040 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4041 */
4042 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4043 
4044 /*
4045 ** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
4046 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4047 **
4048 ** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
4049 ** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
4050 ** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
4051 ** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
4052 ** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
4053 ** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
4054 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4055 **
4056 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4057 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4058 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
4059 */
4060 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
4061 
4062 /*
4063 ** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
4064 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4065 **
4066 ** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
4067 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
4068 ** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
4069 */
4070 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
4071 
4072 /*
4073 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
4074 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4075 **
4076 ** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
4077 ** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
4078 ** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
4079 ** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
4080 ** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
4081 ** will always have a positive sqlite3_column_count() but depending on the
4082 ** WHERE clause constraints and the table content, it might return no rows.
4083 **
4084 ** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
4085 */
4086 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4087 
4088 /*
4089 ** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
4090 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4091 **
4092 ** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
4093 ** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
4094 ** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
4095 ** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
4096 ** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
4097 ** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
4098 ** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
4099 **
4100 ** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
4101 ** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4102 ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4103 ** or until the next call to
4104 ** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
4105 **
4106 ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
4107 ** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
4108 ** NULL pointer is returned.
4109 **
4110 ** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
4111 ** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
4112 ** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
4113 ** one release of SQLite to the next.
4114 */
4115 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4116 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4117 
4118 /*
4119 ** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
4120 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4121 **
4122 ** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
4123 ** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
4124 ** [SELECT] statement.
4125 ** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
4126 ** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
4127 ** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
4128 ** the origin_ routines return the column name.
4129 ** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
4130 ** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4131 ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4132 ** or until the same information is requested
4133 ** again in a different encoding.
4134 **
4135 ** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
4136 ** database, table, and column.
4137 **
4138 ** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
4139 ** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
4140 ** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
4141 ** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
4142 **
4143 ** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
4144 ** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
4145 ** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
4146 ** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
4147 ** or column that query result column was extracted from.
4148 **
4149 ** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
4150 ** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
4151 **
4152 ** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
4153 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
4154 **
4155 ** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
4156 ** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
4157 ** undefined.
4158 **
4159 ** If two or more threads call one or more
4160 ** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
4161 ** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
4162 ** at the same time then the results are undefined.
4163 */
4164 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4165 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4166 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4167 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4168 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4169 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4170 
4171 /*
4172 ** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
4173 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4174 **
4175 ** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
4176 ** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
4177 ** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
4178 ** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
4179 ** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
4180 ** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
4181 ** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
4182 **
4183 ** ^(For example, given the database schema:
4184 **
4185 ** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
4186 **
4187 ** and the following statement to be compiled:
4188 **
4189 ** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
4190 **
4191 ** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
4192 ** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
4193 **
4194 ** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
4195 ** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
4196 ** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
4197 ** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
4198 ** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
4199 ** used to hold those values.
4200 */
4201 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4202 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4203 
4204 /*
4205 ** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
4206 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4207 **
4208 ** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
4209 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
4210 ** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
4211 ** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
4212 ** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
4213 **
4214 ** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
4215 ** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
4216 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
4217 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
4218 ** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
4219 ** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
4220 ** interface will continue to be supported.
4221 **
4222 ** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
4223 ** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
4224 ** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
4225 ** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
4226 **
4227 ** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
4228 ** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
4229 ** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
4230 ** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
4231 ** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
4232 ** continuing.
4233 **
4234 ** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
4235 ** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
4236 ** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
4237 ** machine back to its initial state.
4238 **
4239 ** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
4240 ** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
4241 ** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
4242 ** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
4243 **
4244 ** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
4245 ** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
4246 ** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
4247 ** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
4248 ** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
4249 ** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
4250 ** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
4251 ** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
4252 **
4253 ** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
4254 ** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
4255 ** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
4256 ** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
4257 ** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
4258 ** more threads at the same moment in time.
4259 **
4260 ** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
4261 ** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
4262 ** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
4263 ** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
4264 ** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
4265 ** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
4266 ** sqlite3_step() began
4267 ** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
4268 ** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
4269 ** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
4270 ** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
4271 ** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
4272 **
4273 ** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
4274 ** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
4275 ** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
4276 ** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
4277 ** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
4278 ** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
4279 ** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
4280 ** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
4281 ** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
4282 ** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
4283 ** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
4284 ** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
4285 */
4286 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
4287 
4288 /*
4289 ** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
4290 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4291 **
4292 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
4293 ** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
4294 ** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
4295 ** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
4296 ** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
4297 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
4298 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
4299 ** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
4300 ** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
4301 ** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
4302 ** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
4303 ** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
4304 **
4305 ** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
4306 */
4307 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4308 
4309 /*
4310 ** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
4311 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
4312 **
4313 ** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
4314 **
4315 ** <ul>
4316 ** <li> 64-bit signed integer
4317 ** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
4318 ** <li> string
4319 ** <li> BLOB
4320 ** <li> NULL
4321 ** </ul>)^
4322 **
4323 ** These constants are codes for each of those types.
4324 **
4325 ** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
4326 ** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
4327 ** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
4328 ** SQLITE_TEXT.
4329 */
4330 #define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
4331 #define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
4332 #define SQLITE_BLOB     4
4333 #define SQLITE_NULL     5
4334 #ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
4335 # undef SQLITE_TEXT
4336 #else
4337 # define SQLITE_TEXT     3
4338 #endif
4339 #define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
4340 
4341 /*
4342 ** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
4343 ** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
4344 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4345 **
4346 ** <b>Summary:</b>
4347 ** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4348 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
4349 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
4350 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
4351 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
4352 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
4353 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
4354 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an
4355 ** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
4356 ** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4357 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4358 ** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
4359 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4360 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4361 ** TEXT in bytes
4362 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4363 ** datatype of the result
4364 ** </table></blockquote>
4365 **
4366 ** <b>Details:</b>
4367 **
4368 ** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
4369 ** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
4370 ** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
4371 ** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
4372 ** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
4373 ** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
4374 ** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
4375 ** [sqlite3_column_count()].
4376 **
4377 ** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
4378 ** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
4379 ** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
4380 ** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
4381 ** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
4382 ** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
4383 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
4384 ** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
4385 ** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
4386 ** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
4387 ** are pending, then the results are undefined.
4388 **
4389 ** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
4390 ** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
4391 ** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
4392 ** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
4393 ** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
4394 **
4395 ** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
4396 ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
4397 ** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4398 ** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
4399 ** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
4400 ** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
4401 ** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
4402 ** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.
4403 ** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
4404 ** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
4405 ** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
4406 ** following a type conversion.
4407 **
4408 ** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4409 ** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
4410 ** of that BLOB or string.
4411 **
4412 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4413 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4414 ** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
4415 ** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
4416 ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
4417 ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
4418 ** the number of bytes in that string.
4419 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
4420 **
4421 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4422 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4423 ** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
4424 ** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
4425 ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
4426 ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
4427 ** the number of bytes in that string.
4428 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
4429 **
4430 ** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
4431 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
4432 ** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
4433 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
4434 ** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
4435 **
4436 ** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
4437 ** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
4438 ** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
4439 **
4440 ** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
4441 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
4442 ** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
4443 ** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
4444 ** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
4445 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
4446 ** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4447 ** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
4448 ** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
4449 ** is normally only useful within the implementation of
4450 ** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
4451 ** top-level application code.
4452 **
4453 ** The these routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
4454 ** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
4455 ** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
4456 ** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
4457 ** that are applied:
4458 **
4459 ** <blockquote>
4460 ** <table border="1">
4461 ** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
4462 **
4463 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
4464 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
4465 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4466 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4467 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
4468 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
4469 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
4470 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4471 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
4472 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
4473 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4474 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4475 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
4476 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4477 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4478 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
4479 ** </table>
4480 ** </blockquote>)^
4481 **
4482 ** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
4483 ** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
4484 ** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
4485 ** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
4486 ** in the following cases:
4487 **
4488 ** <ul>
4489 ** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
4490 **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
4491 **      need to be added to the string.</li>
4492 ** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
4493 **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
4494 **      to UTF-16.</li>
4495 ** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4496 **      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
4497 **      to UTF-8.</li>
4498 ** </ul>
4499 **
4500 ** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
4501 ** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
4502 ** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
4503 ** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
4504 ** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
4505 **
4506 ** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
4507 ** in one of the following ways:
4508 **
4509 ** <ul>
4510 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4511 **  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4512 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
4513 ** </ul>
4514 **
4515 ** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
4516 ** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
4517 ** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4518 ** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
4519 ** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
4520 ** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
4521 ** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
4522 **
4523 ** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
4524 ** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
4525 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
4526 ** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
4527 ** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
4528 ** [sqlite3_free()].
4529 **
4530 ** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
4531 ** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
4532 ** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
4533 ** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
4534 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
4535 */
4536 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4537 SQLITE_API double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4538 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4539 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4540 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4541 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4542 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4543 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4544 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4545 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4546 
4547 /*
4548 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
4549 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4550 **
4551 ** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
4552 ** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4553 ** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4554 ** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4555 ** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4556 ** [extended error code].
4557 **
4558 ** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
4559 ** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
4560 ** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
4561 ** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
4562 ** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
4563 ** completed execution.
4564 **
4565 ** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
4566 **
4567 ** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
4568 ** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
4569 ** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
4570 ** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
4571 ** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
4572 */
4573 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4574 
4575 /*
4576 ** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
4577 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4578 **
4579 ** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
4580 ** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
4581 ** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
4582 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
4583 ** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
4584 **
4585 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
4586 ** back to the beginning of its program.
4587 **
4588 ** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4589 ** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
4590 ** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
4591 ** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
4592 **
4593 ** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4594 ** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
4595 ** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
4596 **
4597 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
4598 ** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
4599 */
4600 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4601 
4602 /*
4603 ** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
4604 ** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
4605 ** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
4606 ** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
4607 ** METHOD: sqlite3
4608 **
4609 ** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4610 ** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4611 ** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
4612 ** these routines are the text encoding expected for
4613 ** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
4614 ** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4615 ** the application data pointer.
4616 **
4617 ** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4618 ** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4619 ** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4620 ** to each database connection separately.
4621 **
4622 ** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4623 ** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4624 ** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4625 ** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4626 ** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4627 ** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4628 **
4629 ** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4630 ** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4631 ** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4632 ** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4633 ** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4634 ** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4635 ** undefined.
4636 **
4637 ** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4638 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4639 ** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4640 ** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4641 ** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4642 ** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4643 ** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4644 ** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4645 ** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4646 ** each encoding.
4647 ** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4648 ** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4649 **
4650 ** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4651 ** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4652 ** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4653 ** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4654 ** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4655 ** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4656 ** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4657 **
4658 ** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4659 ** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4660 **
4661 ** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4662 ** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4663 ** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4664 ** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4665 ** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4666 ** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4667 ** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4668 ** callbacks.
4669 **
4670 ** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
4671 ** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
4672 ** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
4673 ** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
4674 ** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4675 ** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
4676 ** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
4677 ** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
4678 ** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4679 **
4680 ** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4681 ** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4682 ** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4683 ** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4684 ** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4685 ** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4686 ** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4687 ** matches the database encoding is a better
4688 ** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4689 ** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4690 ** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4691 ** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4692 **
4693 ** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4694 **
4695 ** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4696 ** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4697 ** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4698 ** statement in which the function is running.
4699 */
4700 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function(
4701   sqlite3 *db,
4702   const char *zFunctionName,
4703   int nArg,
4704   int eTextRep,
4705   void *pApp,
4706   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4707   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4708   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4709 );
4710 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function16(
4711   sqlite3 *db,
4712   const void *zFunctionName,
4713   int nArg,
4714   int eTextRep,
4715   void *pApp,
4716   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4717   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4718   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4719 );
4720 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4721   sqlite3 *db,
4722   const char *zFunctionName,
4723   int nArg,
4724   int eTextRep,
4725   void *pApp,
4726   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4727   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4728   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4729   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4730 );
4731 
4732 /*
4733 ** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4734 **
4735 ** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4736 ** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4737 */
4738 #define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
4739 #define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
4740 #define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
4741 #define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4742 #define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4743 #define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4744 
4745 /*
4746 ** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4747 **
4748 ** These constants may be ORed together with the
4749 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4750 ** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4751 ** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4752 */
4753 #define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4754 
4755 /*
4756 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4757 ** DEPRECATED
4758 **
4759 ** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4760 ** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4761 ** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4762 ** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
4763 ** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
4764 */
4765 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4766 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4767 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4768 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4769 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4770 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4771 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4772                       void*,sqlite3_int64);
4773 #endif
4774 
4775 /*
4776 ** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
4777 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4778 **
4779 ** <b>Summary:</b>
4780 ** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4781 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
4782 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
4783 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
4784 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
4785 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
4786 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
4787 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
4788 ** the native byteorder
4789 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
4790 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
4791 ** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4792 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4793 ** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
4794 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4795 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4796 ** TEXT in bytes
4797 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4798 ** datatype of the value
4799 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4800 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
4801 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4802 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
4803 ** against a virtual table.
4804 ** </table></blockquote>
4805 **
4806 ** <b>Details:</b>
4807 **
4808 ** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
4809 ** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
4810 ** are used to pass parameter information into implementation of
4811 ** [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
4812 **
4813 ** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4814 ** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4815 ** is not threadsafe.
4816 **
4817 ** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4818 ** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4819 ** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4820 **
4821 ** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4822 ** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4823 ** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4824 ** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4825 **
4826 ** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized
4827 ** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
4828 ** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
4829 ** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
4830 ** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer()
4831 ** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
4832 **
4833 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
4834 ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
4835 ** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4836 ** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
4837 ** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
4838 ** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
4839 ** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
4840 ** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
4841 ** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
4842 ** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
4843 **
4844 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4845 ** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4846 ** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4847 ** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4848 ** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4849 ** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4850 ** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4851 **
4852 ** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
4853 ** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
4854 ** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
4855 ** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
4856 ** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
4857 ** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
4858 ** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
4859 ** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
4860 ** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
4861 ** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
4862 ** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
4863 ** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
4864 **
4865 ** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4866 ** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4867 ** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4868 ** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4869 ** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4870 **
4871 ** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4872 ** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4873 */
4874 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4875 SQLITE_API double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4876 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4877 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4878 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
4879 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4880 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4881 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4882 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4883 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4884 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4885 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4886 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4887 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
4888 
4889 /*
4890 ** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
4891 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4892 **
4893 ** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
4894 ** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
4895 ** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
4896 ** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
4897 ** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
4898 */
4899 SQLITE_API unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
4900 
4901 /*
4902 ** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
4903 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4904 **
4905 ** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4906 ** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
4907 ** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
4908 ** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
4909 ** memory allocation fails.
4910 **
4911 ** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
4912 ** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
4913 ** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
4914 */
4915 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
4916 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
4917 
4918 /*
4919 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4920 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4921 **
4922 ** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4923 ** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4924 **
4925 ** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4926 ** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4927 ** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4928 ** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4929 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4930 ** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4931 ** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4932 ** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4933 ** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4934 ** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4935 ** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4936 ** first time from within xFinal().)^
4937 **
4938 ** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
4939 ** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
4940 ** allocate error occurs.
4941 **
4942 ** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4943 ** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4944 ** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4945 ** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4946 ** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
4947 ** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
4948 ** pointless memory allocations occur.
4949 **
4950 ** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4951 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4952 **
4953 ** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4954 ** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4955 ** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4956 ** function.
4957 **
4958 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4959 ** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4960 */
4961 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4962 
4963 /*
4964 ** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4965 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4966 **
4967 ** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4968 ** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4969 ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4970 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4971 ** registered the application defined function.
4972 **
4973 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4974 ** the application-defined function is running.
4975 */
4976 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4977 
4978 /*
4979 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4980 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4981 **
4982 ** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4983 ** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4984 ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4985 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4986 ** registered the application defined function.
4987 */
4988 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4989 
4990 /*
4991 ** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4992 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4993 **
4994 ** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
4995 ** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4996 ** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4997 ** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
4998 ** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
4999 ** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
5000 ** metadata associated with the pattern string.
5001 ** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
5002 ** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
5003 ** invocations of the same function.
5004 **
5005 ** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the metadata
5006 ** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) function with the Nth argument
5007 ** value to the application-defined function.  ^N is zero for the left-most
5008 ** function argument.  ^If there is no metadata
5009 ** associated with the function argument, the sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface
5010 ** returns a NULL pointer.
5011 **
5012 ** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
5013 ** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
5014 ** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
5015 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
5016 ** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
5017 ** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
5018 ** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
5019 ** once, when the metadata is discarded.
5020 ** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
5021 ** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
5022 ** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
5023 **      SQL statement)^, or
5024 ** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
5025 **       parameter)^, or
5026 ** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
5027 **      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
5028 **
5029 ** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
5030 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
5031 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
5032 ** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
5033 ** function implementation should not make any use of P after
5034 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
5035 **
5036 ** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
5037 ** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
5038 ** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
5039 **
5040 ** The value of the N parameter to these interfaces should be non-negative.
5041 ** Future enhancements may make use of negative N values to define new
5042 ** kinds of function caching behavior.
5043 **
5044 ** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
5045 ** the SQL function is running.
5046 */
5047 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
5048 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
5049 
5050 
5051 /*
5052 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
5053 **
5054 ** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
5055 ** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
5056 ** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
5057 ** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
5058 ** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
5059 ** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
5060 ** the content before returning.
5061 **
5062 ** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
5063 ** C++ compilers.
5064 */
5065 typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
5066 #define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
5067 #define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
5068 
5069 /*
5070 ** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
5071 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5072 **
5073 ** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
5074 ** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
5075 ** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
5076 ** for additional information.
5077 **
5078 ** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
5079 ** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
5080 ** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
5081 **
5082 ** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
5083 ** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
5084 ** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
5085 ** third parameter.
5086 **
5087 ** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
5088 ** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
5089 ** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
5090 **
5091 ** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
5092 ** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
5093 ** by its 2nd argument.
5094 **
5095 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
5096 ** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
5097 ** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
5098 ** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
5099 ** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
5100 ** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
5101 ** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
5102 ** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
5103 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
5104 ** message all text up through the first zero character.
5105 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
5106 ** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
5107 ** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
5108 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
5109 ** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
5110 ** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
5111 ** modify the text after they return without harm.
5112 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
5113 ** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
5114 ** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
5115 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
5116 **
5117 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5118 ** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
5119 **
5120 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5121 ** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
5122 **
5123 ** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
5124 ** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
5125 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
5126 ** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
5127 ** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
5128 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
5129 **
5130 ** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
5131 ** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
5132 **
5133 ** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
5134 ** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
5135 ** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
5136 ** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
5137 ** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
5138 ** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
5139 ** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
5140 ** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
5141 ** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
5142 ** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
5143 ** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
5144 ** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5145 ** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
5146 ** through the first zero character.
5147 ** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5148 ** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
5149 ** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
5150 ** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
5151 ** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
5152 ** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
5153 ** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
5154 ** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
5155 ** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
5156 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5157 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
5158 ** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
5159 ** finished using that result.
5160 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
5161 ** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
5162 ** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
5163 ** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
5164 ** when it has finished using that result.
5165 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5166 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
5167 ** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
5168 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
5169 **
5170 ** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
5171 ** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
5172 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
5173 ** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5174 ** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
5175 ** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
5176 ** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
5177 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
5178 ** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
5179 **
5180 ** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
5181 ** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
5182 ** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that
5183 ** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
5184 ** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
5185 ** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
5186 ** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
5187 ** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
5188 ** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
5189 ** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5190 **
5191 ** If these routines are called from within the different thread
5192 ** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
5193 ** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
5194 */
5195 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5196 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
5197                            sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
5198 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
5199 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
5200 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
5201 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
5202 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
5203 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
5204 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
5205 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
5206 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
5207 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
5208 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
5209                            void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
5210 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5211 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5212 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5213 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
5214 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
5215 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
5216 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
5217 
5218 
5219 /*
5220 ** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
5221 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5222 **
5223 ** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
5224 ** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
5225 ** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
5226 ** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
5227 ** higher order bits are discarded.
5228 ** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
5229 ** in future releases of SQLite.
5230 */
5231 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
5232 
5233 /*
5234 ** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
5235 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5236 **
5237 ** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
5238 ** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
5239 **
5240 ** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
5241 ** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
5242 ** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
5243 ** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
5244 ** considered to be the same name.
5245 **
5246 ** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
5247 ** <ul>
5248 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
5249 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
5250 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5251 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
5252 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
5253 ** </ul>)^
5254 ** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
5255 ** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
5256 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
5257 ** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
5258 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
5259 ** on an even byte address.
5260 **
5261 ** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
5262 ** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
5263 **
5264 ** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
5265 ** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
5266 ** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
5267 ** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
5268 ** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
5269 ** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
5270 ** that collation is no longer usable.
5271 **
5272 ** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
5273 ** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
5274 ** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
5275 ** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
5276 ** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
5277 ** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
5278 ** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
5279 ** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
5280 ** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
5281 ** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
5282 ** strings A, B, and C:
5283 **
5284 ** <ol>
5285 ** <li> If A==B then B==A.
5286 ** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
5287 ** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
5288 ** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
5289 ** </ol>
5290 **
5291 ** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
5292 ** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
5293 ** is undefined.
5294 **
5295 ** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
5296 ** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
5297 ** the collating function is deleted.
5298 ** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
5299 ** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
5300 ** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
5301 **
5302 ** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
5303 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
5304 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
5305 ** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
5306 ** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
5307 ** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
5308 ** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
5309 ** compatibility.
5310 **
5311 ** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
5312 */
5313 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation(
5314   sqlite3*,
5315   const char *zName,
5316   int eTextRep,
5317   void *pArg,
5318   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5319 );
5320 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
5321   sqlite3*,
5322   const char *zName,
5323   int eTextRep,
5324   void *pArg,
5325   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
5326   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5327 );
5328 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation16(
5329   sqlite3*,
5330   const void *zName,
5331   int eTextRep,
5332   void *pArg,
5333   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5334 );
5335 
5336 /*
5337 ** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
5338 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5339 **
5340 ** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
5341 ** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
5342 ** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
5343 ** sequence is required.
5344 **
5345 ** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
5346 ** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
5347 ** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
5348 ** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
5349 ** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
5350 **
5351 ** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
5352 ** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
5353 ** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
5354 ** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5355 ** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
5356 ** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
5357 ** required collation sequence.)^
5358 **
5359 ** The callback function should register the desired collation using
5360 ** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
5361 ** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
5362 */
5363 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed(
5364   sqlite3*,
5365   void*,
5366   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
5367 );
5368 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
5369   sqlite3*,
5370   void*,
5371   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
5372 );
5373 
5374 #ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
5375 /*
5376 ** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
5377 ** called right after sqlite3_open().
5378 **
5379 ** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5380 ** of SQLite.
5381 */
5382 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_key(
5383   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5384   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5385 );
5386 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_key_v2(
5387   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5388   const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5389   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5390 );
5391 
5392 /*
5393 ** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
5394 ** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
5395 ** database is decrypted.
5396 **
5397 ** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5398 ** of SQLite.
5399 */
5400 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rekey(
5401   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5402   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5403 );
5404 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
5405   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5406   const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5407   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5408 );
5409 
5410 /*
5411 ** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
5412 ** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
5413 */
5414 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_see(
5415   const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5416 );
5417 #endif
5418 
5419 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
5420 /*
5421 ** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
5422 ** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
5423 */
5424 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
5425   const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5426 );
5427 #endif
5428 
5429 /*
5430 ** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
5431 **
5432 ** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
5433 ** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
5434 **
5435 ** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
5436 ** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
5437 ** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
5438 ** requested from the operating system is returned.
5439 **
5440 ** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
5441 ** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
5442 ** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
5443 ** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
5444 ** in the previous paragraphs.
5445 */
5446 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sleep(int);
5447 
5448 /*
5449 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
5450 **
5451 ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5452 ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
5453 ** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
5454 ** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
5455 ** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
5456 ** temporary file directory.
5457 **
5458 ** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
5459 ** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
5460 ** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
5461 ** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
5462 ** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
5463 ** be avoided in new projects.
5464 **
5465 ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5466 ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5467 ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5468 ** thread.
5469 ** It is intended that this variable be set once
5470 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5471 ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5472 ** thereafter.
5473 **
5474 ** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5475 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5476 ** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5477 ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5478 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5479 ** using [sqlite3_free].
5480 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5481 ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5482 ** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5483 ** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
5484 ** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
5485 ** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
5486 ** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
5487 ** objects have been destroyed.
5488 **
5489 ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
5490 ** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
5491 ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
5492 ** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
5493 **
5494 ** <blockquote><pre>
5495 ** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
5496 ** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
5497 ** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
5498 ** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
5499 ** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
5500 ** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
5501 ** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
5502 ** </pre></blockquote>
5503 */
5504 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
5505 
5506 /*
5507 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
5508 **
5509 ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5510 ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
5511 ** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
5512 ** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
5513 ** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
5514 ** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
5515 ** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
5516 ** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
5517 ** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
5518 **
5519 ** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
5520 ** open can result in a corrupt database.
5521 **
5522 ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5523 ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5524 ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5525 ** thread.
5526 ** It is intended that this variable be set once
5527 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5528 ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5529 ** thereafter.
5530 **
5531 ** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5532 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5533 ** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5534 ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5535 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5536 ** using [sqlite3_free].
5537 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5538 ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5539 ** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5540 */
5541 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
5542 
5543 /*
5544 ** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
5545 ** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
5546 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5547 **
5548 ** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
5549 ** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
5550 ** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
5551 ** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
5552 ** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
5553 **
5554 ** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
5555 ** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
5556 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
5557 ** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
5558 ** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
5559 ** an error is to use this function.
5560 **
5561 ** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
5562 ** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
5563 ** is undefined.
5564 */
5565 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
5566 
5567 /*
5568 ** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
5569 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5570 **
5571 ** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
5572 ** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
5573 ** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
5574 ** that was the first argument
5575 ** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
5576 ** create the statement in the first place.
5577 */
5578 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
5579 
5580 /*
5581 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
5582 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5583 **
5584 ** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
5585 ** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
5586 ** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
5587 ** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
5588 ** a NULL pointer is returned.
5589 **
5590 ** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
5591 ** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
5592 ** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
5593 ** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
5594 */
5595 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5596 
5597 /*
5598 ** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
5599 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5600 **
5601 ** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
5602 ** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
5603 ** the name of a database on connection D.
5604 */
5605 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5606 
5607 /*
5608 ** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
5609 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5610 **
5611 ** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
5612 ** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
5613 ** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
5614 ** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
5615 ** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
5616 **
5617 ** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
5618 ** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
5619 ** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
5620 */
5621 SQLITE_API sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5622 
5623 /*
5624 ** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
5625 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5626 **
5627 ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
5628 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
5629 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
5630 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
5631 ** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
5632 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
5633 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
5634 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
5635 ** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
5636 ** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
5637 ** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
5638 **
5639 ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
5640 ** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
5641 ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5642 ** the first call for each function on D.
5643 **
5644 ** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
5645 ** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
5646 ** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
5647 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5648 ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
5649 ** or rollback hook in the first place.
5650 ** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
5651 ** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
5652 ** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5653 **
5654 ** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
5655 **
5656 ** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
5657 ** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
5658 ** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
5659 ** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
5660 ** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
5661 **
5662 ** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
5663 ** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
5664 ** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
5665 ** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
5666 ** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
5667 **
5668 ** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
5669 */
5670 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
5671 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
5672 
5673 /*
5674 ** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
5675 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5676 **
5677 ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
5678 ** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
5679 ** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
5680 ** a [rowid table].
5681 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
5682 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
5683 **
5684 ** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
5685 ** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
5686 ** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
5687 ** to sqlite3_update_hook().
5688 ** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
5689 ** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
5690 ** to be invoked.
5691 ** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
5692 ** database and table name containing the affected row.
5693 ** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
5694 ** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
5695 **
5696 ** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
5697 ** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
5698 ** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
5699 **
5700 ** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
5701 ** is not invoked when conflicting rows are deleted because of an
5702 ** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
5703 ** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
5704 ** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
5705 ** release of SQLite.
5706 **
5707 ** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
5708 ** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
5709 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5710 ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
5711 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
5712 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5713 **
5714 ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
5715 ** returns the P argument from the previous call
5716 ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5717 ** the first call on D.
5718 **
5719 ** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
5720 ** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
5721 */
5722 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_update_hook(
5723   sqlite3*,
5724   void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
5725   void*
5726 );
5727 
5728 /*
5729 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
5730 **
5731 ** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
5732 ** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
5733 ** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
5734 ** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
5735 **
5736 ** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
5737 ** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
5738 ** In prior versions of SQLite,
5739 ** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
5740 **
5741 ** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
5742 ** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
5743 ** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
5744 ** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
5745 **
5746 ** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
5747 ** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
5748 **
5749 ** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
5750 ** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
5751 ** cache setting should set it explicitly.
5752 **
5753 ** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
5754 ** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
5755 ** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
5756 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
5757 **
5758 ** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
5759 ** 32-bit integer is atomic.
5760 **
5761 ** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
5762 */
5763 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
5764 
5765 /*
5766 ** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
5767 **
5768 ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
5769 ** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
5770 ** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
5771 ** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
5772 ** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
5773 ** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
5774 ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
5775 ** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5776 **
5777 ** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
5778 */
5779 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
5780 
5781 /*
5782 ** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
5783 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5784 **
5785 ** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
5786 ** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
5787 ** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
5788 ** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
5789 ** omitted.
5790 **
5791 ** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
5792 */
5793 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
5794 
5795 /*
5796 ** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
5797 **
5798 ** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
5799 ** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
5800 ** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
5801 ** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
5802 ** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
5803 ** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
5804 ** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
5805 ** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
5806 ** is advisory only.
5807 **
5808 ** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
5809 ** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
5810 ** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
5811 ** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
5812 ** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
5813 ** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
5814 **
5815 ** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
5816 **
5817 ** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
5818 ** if one or more of following conditions are true:
5819 **
5820 ** <ul>
5821 ** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
5822 ** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
5823 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
5824 **      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
5825 ** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
5826 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
5827 ** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
5828 **      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
5829 **      from the heap.
5830 ** </ul>)^
5831 **
5832 ** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.7.3] ([dateof:3.7.3]),
5833 ** the soft heap limit is enforced
5834 ** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
5835 ** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
5836 ** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
5837 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
5838 ** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
5839 ** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
5840 ** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
5841 ** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5842 **
5843 ** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
5844 ** changes in future releases of SQLite.
5845 */
5846 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
5847 
5848 /*
5849 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
5850 ** DEPRECATED
5851 **
5852 ** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
5853 ** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
5854 ** only.  All new applications should use the
5855 ** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
5856 */
5857 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
5858 
5859 
5860 /*
5861 ** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
5862 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5863 **
5864 ** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
5865 ** information about column C of table T in database D
5866 ** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
5867 ** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
5868 ** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
5869 ** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
5870 ** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
5871 ** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
5872 ** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
5873 ** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
5874 ** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
5875 ** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
5876 ** undefined behavior.
5877 **
5878 ** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
5879 ** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
5880 ** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
5881 ** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
5882 ** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
5883 ** resolve unqualified table references.
5884 **
5885 ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
5886 ** name of the desired column, respectively.
5887 **
5888 ** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
5889 ** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
5890 ** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
5891 **
5892 ** ^(<blockquote>
5893 ** <table border="1">
5894 ** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
5895 **
5896 ** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
5897 ** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
5898 ** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
5899 ** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
5900 ** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
5901 ** </table>
5902 ** </blockquote>)^
5903 **
5904 ** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
5905 ** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
5906 ** call to any SQLite API function.
5907 **
5908 ** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
5909 **
5910 ** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
5911 ** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
5912 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
5913 ** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
5914 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
5915 ** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
5916 **
5917 ** <pre>
5918 **     data type: "INTEGER"
5919 **     collation sequence: "BINARY"
5920 **     not null: 0
5921 **     primary key: 1
5922 **     auto increment: 0
5923 ** </pre>)^
5924 **
5925 ** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
5926 ** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
5927 ** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
5928 */
5929 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
5930   sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
5931   const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
5932   const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
5933   const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
5934   char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
5935   char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
5936   int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
5937   int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
5938   int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
5939 );
5940 
5941 /*
5942 ** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
5943 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5944 **
5945 ** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
5946 **
5947 ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
5948 ** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
5949 ** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
5950 ** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
5951 ** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
5952 ** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
5953 ** be tried also.
5954 **
5955 ** ^The entry point is zProc.
5956 ** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
5957 ** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
5958 ** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
5959 ** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
5960 ** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
5961 ** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
5962 ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
5963 ** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
5964 ** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
5965 ** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
5966 ** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
5967 ** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
5968 ** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
5969 **
5970 ** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
5971 ** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
5972 ** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
5973 ** prior to calling this API,
5974 ** otherwise an error will be returned.
5975 **
5976 ** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
5977 ** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
5978 ** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
5979 ** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
5980 ** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
5981 ** access to extension loading capabilities.
5982 **
5983 ** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
5984 */
5985 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_load_extension(
5986   sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
5987   const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
5988   const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
5989   char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
5990 );
5991 
5992 /*
5993 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
5994 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5995 **
5996 ** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
5997 ** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
5998 ** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
5999 ** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
6000 **
6001 ** ^Extension loading is off by default.
6002 ** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
6003 ** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
6004 ** it back off again.
6005 **
6006 ** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
6007 ** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
6008 ** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
6009 ** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
6010 **
6011 ** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
6012 ** be disabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
6013 ** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
6014 ** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6015 ** access to extension loading capabilities.
6016 */
6017 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
6018 
6019 /*
6020 ** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
6021 **
6022 ** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
6023 ** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
6024 ** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
6025 ** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
6026 **
6027 ** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
6028 ** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
6029 ** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
6030 ** entry point where as follows:
6031 **
6032 ** <blockquote><pre>
6033 ** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
6034 ** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
6035 ** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
6036 ** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
6037 ** &nbsp;  );
6038 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
6039 **
6040 ** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
6041 ** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
6042 ** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
6043 ** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
6044 ** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
6045 ** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
6046 ** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
6047 **
6048 ** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
6049 ** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
6050 ** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
6051 **
6052 ** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
6053 ** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
6054 */
6055 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6056 
6057 /*
6058 ** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
6059 **
6060 ** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
6061 ** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
6062 ** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
6063 ** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
6064 ** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
6065 ** routines.
6066 */
6067 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6068 
6069 /*
6070 ** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
6071 **
6072 ** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
6073 ** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
6074 */
6075 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
6076 
6077 /*
6078 ** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
6079 ** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6080 ** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6081 **
6082 ** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6083 ** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6084 */
6085 
6086 /*
6087 ** Structures used by the virtual table interface
6088 */
6089 typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
6090 typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
6091 typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
6092 typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
6093 
6094 /*
6095 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
6096 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
6097 **
6098 ** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
6099 ** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
6100 ** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
6101 **
6102 ** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
6103 ** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
6104 ** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
6105 ** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
6106 ** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
6107 ** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
6108 ** any database connection.
6109 */
6110 struct sqlite3_module {
6111   int iVersion;
6112   int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6113                int argc, const char *const*argv,
6114                sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6115   int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6116                int argc, const char *const*argv,
6117                sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6118   int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
6119   int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6120   int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6121   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
6122   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6123   int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
6124                 int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
6125   int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6126   int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6127   int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
6128   int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
6129   int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
6130   int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6131   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6132   int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6133   int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6134   int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
6135                        void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
6136                        void **ppArg);
6137   int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
6138   /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
6139   ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
6140   int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6141   int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6142   int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6143 };
6144 
6145 /*
6146 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
6147 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
6148 **
6149 ** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
6150 ** of the [virtual table] interface to
6151 ** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
6152 ** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
6153 ** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
6154 ** results into the **Outputs** fields.
6155 **
6156 ** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
6157 **
6158 ** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
6159 **
6160 ** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
6161 ** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
6162 ** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
6163 ** ^(The index of the column is stored in
6164 ** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
6165 ** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
6166 ** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
6167 **
6168 ** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
6169 ** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
6170 ** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
6171 ** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
6172 ** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
6173 **
6174 ** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
6175 ** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
6176 **
6177 ** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
6178 ** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
6179 ** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
6180 ** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
6181 ** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
6182 ** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
6183 ** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
6184 ** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
6185 ** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
6186 ** non-zero.
6187 **
6188 ** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
6189 ** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
6190 ** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
6191 ** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
6192 ** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
6193 ** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
6194 **
6195 ** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
6196 ** [xFilter] method.
6197 ** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
6198 ** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
6199 **
6200 ** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
6201 ** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
6202 ** sorting step is required.
6203 **
6204 ** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
6205 ** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
6206 ** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
6207 ** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
6208 ** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
6209 **
6210 ** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
6211 ** will be returned by the strategy.
6212 **
6213 ** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
6214 ** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
6215 ** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
6216 ** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
6217 **
6218 ** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
6219 ** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
6220 ** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
6221 ** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
6222 ** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
6223 ** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
6224 ** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
6225 ** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
6226 ** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
6227 **
6228 ** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
6229 ** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
6230 ** If a virtual table extension is
6231 ** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
6232 ** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
6233 ** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
6234 ** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
6235 ** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
6236 ** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
6237 ** It may therefore only be used if
6238 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
6239 ** 3009000.
6240 */
6241 struct sqlite3_index_info {
6242   /* Inputs */
6243   int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
6244   struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
6245      int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
6246      unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
6247      unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
6248      int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
6249   } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
6250   int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
6251   struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
6252      int iColumn;              /* Column number */
6253      unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
6254   } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
6255   /* Outputs */
6256   struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
6257     int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
6258     unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
6259   } *aConstraintUsage;
6260   int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
6261   char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
6262   int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
6263   int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
6264   double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
6265   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
6266   sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
6267   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
6268   int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
6269   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
6270   sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
6271 };
6272 
6273 /*
6274 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
6275 */
6276 #define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
6277 
6278 /*
6279 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
6280 **
6281 ** These macros defined the allowed values for the
6282 ** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
6283 ** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
6284 ** a query that uses a [virtual table].
6285 */
6286 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ         2
6287 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT         4
6288 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE         8
6289 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT        16
6290 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE        32
6291 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH     64
6292 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE      65
6293 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB      66
6294 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP    67
6295 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE        68
6296 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT     69
6297 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL 70
6298 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL    71
6299 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS        72
6300 
6301 /*
6302 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
6303 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6304 **
6305 ** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
6306 ** ^Module names must be registered before
6307 ** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
6308 ** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
6309 **
6310 ** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
6311 ** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
6312 ** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
6313 ** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
6314 ** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
6315 ** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
6316 ** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
6317 **
6318 ** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
6319 ** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
6320 ** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
6321 ** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
6322 ** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
6323 ** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
6324 ** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
6325 ** destructor.
6326 */
6327 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module(
6328   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6329   const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6330   const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6331   void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6332 );
6333 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
6334   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6335   const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6336   const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6337   void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6338   void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
6339 );
6340 
6341 /*
6342 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
6343 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
6344 **
6345 ** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
6346 ** of this object to describe a particular instance
6347 ** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
6348 ** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
6349 ** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
6350 ** common to all module implementations.
6351 **
6352 ** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
6353 ** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
6354 ** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
6355 ** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
6356 ** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
6357 ** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
6358 */
6359 struct sqlite3_vtab {
6360   const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
6361   int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
6362   char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
6363   /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6364 };
6365 
6366 /*
6367 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
6368 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
6369 **
6370 ** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
6371 ** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
6372 ** [virtual table] and are used
6373 ** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
6374 ** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
6375 ** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
6376 ** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
6377 ** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
6378 ** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
6379 **
6380 ** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
6381 ** are common to all implementations.
6382 */
6383 struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
6384   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
6385   /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6386 };
6387 
6388 /*
6389 ** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
6390 **
6391 ** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
6392 ** [virtual table module] call this interface
6393 ** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
6394 ** the virtual tables they implement.
6395 */
6396 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
6397 
6398 /*
6399 ** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
6400 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6401 **
6402 ** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
6403 ** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
6404 ** But global versions of those functions
6405 ** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
6406 **
6407 ** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
6408 ** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
6409 ** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
6410 ** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
6411 ** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
6412 ** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
6413 ** by a [virtual table].
6414 */
6415 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
6416 
6417 /*
6418 ** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
6419 ** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
6420 ** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6421 ** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6422 **
6423 ** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6424 ** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6425 */
6426 
6427 /*
6428 ** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
6429 ** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
6430 **
6431 ** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
6432 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
6433 ** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
6434 ** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6435 ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
6436 ** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
6437 ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
6438 */
6439 typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
6440 
6441 /*
6442 ** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
6443 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6444 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6445 **
6446 ** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
6447 ** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
6448 ** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
6449 **
6450 ** <pre>
6451 **     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
6452 ** </pre>)^
6453 **
6454 ** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
6455 ** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
6456 ** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
6457 ** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
6458 ** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
6459 **
6460 ** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
6461 ** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
6462 ** read-only access.
6463 **
6464 ** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
6465 ** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
6466 ** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
6467 ** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
6468 ** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
6469 **
6470 ** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
6471 ** <ul>
6472 **   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
6473 **   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
6474 **   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
6475 **   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
6476 **   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
6477 **   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
6478 **         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
6479 **   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
6480 **         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
6481 **   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
6482 **         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
6483 **         being opened for read/write access)^.
6484 ** </ul>
6485 **
6486 ** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
6487 ** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6488 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6489 **
6490 ** A BLOB referenced by sqlite3_blob_open() may be read using the
6491 ** [sqlite3_blob_read()] interface and modified by using
6492 ** [sqlite3_blob_write()].  The [BLOB handle] can be moved to a
6493 ** different row of the same table using the [sqlite3_blob_reopen()]
6494 ** interface.  However, the column, table, or database of a [BLOB handle]
6495 ** cannot be changed after the [BLOB handle] is opened.
6496 **
6497 ** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
6498 ** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
6499 ** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
6500 ** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
6501 ** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
6502 ** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
6503 ** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6504 ** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
6505 ** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
6506 ** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
6507 **
6508 ** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
6509 ** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
6510 ** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
6511 ** blob.
6512 **
6513 ** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
6514 ** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
6515 ** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
6516 **
6517 ** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
6518 ** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6519 **
6520 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_close()],
6521 ** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()], [sqlite3_blob_read()],
6522 ** [sqlite3_blob_bytes()], [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6523 */
6524 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
6525   sqlite3*,
6526   const char *zDb,
6527   const char *zTable,
6528   const char *zColumn,
6529   sqlite3_int64 iRow,
6530   int flags,
6531   sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
6532 );
6533 
6534 /*
6535 ** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
6536 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6537 **
6538 ** ^This function is used to move an existing [BLOB handle] so that it points
6539 ** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
6540 ** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
6541 ** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
6542 ** remain the same. Moving an existing [BLOB handle] to a new row is
6543 ** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
6544 **
6545 ** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
6546 ** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
6547 ** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
6548 ** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
6549 ** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
6550 ** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
6551 ** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
6552 ** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
6553 ** always returns zero.
6554 **
6555 ** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
6556 */
6557 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
6558 
6559 /*
6560 ** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
6561 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6562 **
6563 ** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
6564 ** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
6565 ** handle is still closed.)^
6566 **
6567 ** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
6568 ** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
6569 ** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
6570 ** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
6571 ** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
6572 **
6573 ** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
6574 ** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
6575 ** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
6576 ** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
6577 ** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
6578 ** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
6579 */
6580 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
6581 
6582 /*
6583 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
6584 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6585 **
6586 ** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
6587 ** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
6588 ** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
6589 ** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
6590 **
6591 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6592 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6593 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6594 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6595 */
6596 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
6597 
6598 /*
6599 ** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
6600 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6601 **
6602 ** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
6603 ** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
6604 ** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6605 **
6606 ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6607 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
6608 ** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
6609 ** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
6610 ** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
6611 **
6612 ** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6613 ** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6614 **
6615 ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
6616 ** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6617 **
6618 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6619 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6620 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6621 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6622 **
6623 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6624 */
6625 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
6626 
6627 /*
6628 ** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
6629 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6630 **
6631 ** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
6632 ** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
6633 ** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6634 **
6635 ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
6636 ** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6637 ** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
6638 ** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6639 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6640 **
6641 ** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
6642 ** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
6643 ** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
6644 **
6645 ** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
6646 ** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
6647 ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6648 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
6649 ** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
6650 ** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
6651 ** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
6652 **
6653 ** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6654 ** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
6655 ** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
6656 ** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
6657 ** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
6658 ** or by other independent statements.
6659 **
6660 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6661 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6662 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6663 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6664 **
6665 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
6666 */
6667 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
6668 
6669 /*
6670 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
6671 **
6672 ** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
6673 ** that SQLite uses to interact
6674 ** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
6675 ** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
6676 ** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
6677 ** The following interfaces are provided.
6678 **
6679 ** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
6680 ** ^Names are case sensitive.
6681 ** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
6682 ** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
6683 ** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
6684 **
6685 ** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
6686 ** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
6687 ** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
6688 ** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
6689 ** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
6690 ** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
6691 ** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
6692 ** then the behavior is undefined.
6693 **
6694 ** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
6695 ** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
6696 ** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
6697 */
6698 SQLITE_API sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
6699 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
6700 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
6701 
6702 /*
6703 ** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
6704 **
6705 ** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
6706 ** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
6707 ** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
6708 ** permitted to use any of these routines.
6709 **
6710 ** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
6711 ** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
6712 ** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
6713 ** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
6714 **
6715 ** <ul>
6716 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
6717 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
6718 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
6719 ** </ul>
6720 **
6721 ** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
6722 ** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
6723 ** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
6724 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
6725 ** and Windows.
6726 **
6727 ** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
6728 ** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
6729 ** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
6730 ** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
6731 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
6732 ** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
6733 ** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
6734 **
6735 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
6736 ** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6737 ** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
6738 ** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
6739 ** integer constants:
6740 **
6741 ** <ul>
6742 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6743 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6744 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
6745 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
6746 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
6747 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
6748 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
6749 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
6750 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
6751 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
6752 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
6753 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
6754 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
6755 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
6756 ** </ul>
6757 **
6758 ** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
6759 ** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
6760 ** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6761 ** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
6762 ** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
6763 ** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
6764 ** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
6765 ** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
6766 ** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
6767 ** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
6768 **
6769 ** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
6770 ** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
6771 ** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
6772 ** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
6773 ** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
6774 ** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
6775 ** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
6776 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
6777 **
6778 ** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6779 ** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6780 ** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
6781 ** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
6782 ** the same type number.
6783 **
6784 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
6785 ** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
6786 ** mutex results in undefined behavior.
6787 **
6788 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
6789 ** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
6790 ** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
6791 ** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
6792 ** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
6793 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
6794 ** In such cases, the
6795 ** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
6796 ** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
6797 ** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
6798 **
6799 ** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
6800 ** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
6801 ** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
6802 ** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
6803 ** behavior.)^
6804 **
6805 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
6806 ** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
6807 ** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
6808 ** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
6809 **
6810 ** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
6811 ** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
6812 ** behave as no-ops.
6813 **
6814 ** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
6815 */
6816 SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
6817 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
6818 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
6819 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
6820 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
6821 
6822 /*
6823 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
6824 **
6825 ** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
6826 ** used to allocate and use mutexes.
6827 **
6828 ** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
6829 ** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
6830 ** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
6831 ** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
6832 ** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
6833 ** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
6834 ** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
6835 ** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
6836 ** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
6837 **
6838 ** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
6839 ** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
6840 ** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
6841 ** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
6842 **
6843 ** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
6844 ** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
6845 ** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
6846 ** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
6847 ** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
6848 ** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6849 **
6850 ** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
6851 ** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
6852 ** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
6853 **
6854 ** <ul>
6855 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
6856 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
6857 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
6858 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
6859 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
6860 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
6861 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
6862 ** </ul>)^
6863 **
6864 ** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
6865 ** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
6866 ** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
6867 ** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
6868 ** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
6869 ** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
6870 ** it is passed a NULL pointer).
6871 **
6872 ** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
6873 ** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
6874 ** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
6875 ** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
6876 **
6877 ** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
6878 ** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
6879 ** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
6880 ** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
6881 **
6882 ** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
6883 ** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
6884 ** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
6885 ** prior to returning.
6886 */
6887 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
6888 struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
6889   int (*xMutexInit)(void);
6890   int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
6891   sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
6892   void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6893   void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6894   int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6895   void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6896   int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6897   int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6898 };
6899 
6900 /*
6901 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
6902 **
6903 ** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
6904 ** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
6905 ** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
6906 ** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
6907 ** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
6908 ** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
6909 ** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
6910 ** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
6911 **
6912 ** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
6913 ** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
6914 **
6915 ** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
6916 ** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
6917 ** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
6918 ** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
6919 **
6920 ** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
6921 ** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
6922 ** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
6923 ** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
6924 ** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
6925 ** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
6926 ** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
6927 ** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
6928 */
6929 #ifndef NDEBUG
6930 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
6931 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
6932 #endif
6933 
6934 /*
6935 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
6936 **
6937 ** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
6938 ** which is one of these integer constants.
6939 **
6940 ** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
6941 ** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
6942 ** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
6943 */
6944 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
6945 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
6946 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
6947 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
6948 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
6949 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
6950 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
6951 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
6952 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
6953 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
6954 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
6955 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
6956 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
6957 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
6958 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
6959 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
6960 
6961 /*
6962 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
6963 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6964 **
6965 ** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
6966 ** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
6967 ** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
6968 ** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
6969 ** routine returns a NULL pointer.
6970 */
6971 SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
6972 
6973 /*
6974 ** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
6975 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6976 **
6977 ** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
6978 ** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
6979 ** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
6980 ** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
6981 ** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
6982 ** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
6983 ** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
6984 ** main database file.
6985 ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
6986 ** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
6987 ** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
6988 ** method becomes the return value of this routine.
6989 **
6990 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
6991 ** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
6992 ** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]
6993 ** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
6994 ** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
6995 **
6996 ** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
6997 ** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
6998 ** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
6999 ** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
7000 ** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
7001 ** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
7002 ** xFileControl method.
7003 **
7004 ** See also: [file control opcodes]
7005 */
7006 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
7007 
7008 /*
7009 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
7010 **
7011 ** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
7012 ** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
7013 ** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
7014 ** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
7015 **
7016 ** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
7017 ** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
7018 ** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
7019 **
7020 ** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
7021 ** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
7022 ** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
7023 ** operate consistently from one release to the next.
7024 */
7025 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
7026 
7027 /*
7028 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
7029 **
7030 ** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
7031 ** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
7032 **
7033 ** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
7034 ** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
7035 ** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
7036 ** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
7037 */
7038 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
7039 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
7040 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
7041 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
7042 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
7043 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
7044 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
7045 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
7046 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
7047 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
7048 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
7049 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
7050 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
7051 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
7052 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
7053 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
7054 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
7055 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
7056 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
7057 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
7058 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
7059 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
7060 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
7061 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
7062 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    26  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
7063 
7064 /*
7065 ** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
7066 **
7067 ** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
7068 ** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
7069 ** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
7070 ** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
7071 ** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
7072 ** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
7073 ** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
7074 ** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
7075 ** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
7076 ** value.  For those parameters
7077 ** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
7078 ** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
7079 ** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
7080 **
7081 ** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
7082 ** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
7083 **
7084 ** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
7085 ** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
7086 ** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
7087 **
7088 ** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
7089 */
7090 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
7091 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status64(
7092   int op,
7093   sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
7094   sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
7095   int resetFlag
7096 );
7097 
7098 
7099 /*
7100 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
7101 ** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
7102 **
7103 ** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
7104 ** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
7105 **
7106 ** <dl>
7107 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
7108 ** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
7109 ** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
7110 ** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
7111 ** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
7112 ** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
7113 ** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
7114 ** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
7115 **
7116 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
7117 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
7118 ** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
7119 ** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
7120 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
7121 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
7122 **
7123 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
7124 ** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
7125 ** currently checked out.</dd>)^
7126 **
7127 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
7128 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
7129 ** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
7130 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
7131 ** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
7132 **
7133 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
7134 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
7135 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
7136 ** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
7137 ** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
7138 ** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
7139 ** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
7140 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
7141 ** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
7142 **
7143 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
7144 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
7145 ** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
7146 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
7147 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
7148 **
7149 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
7150 ** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7151 **
7152 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
7153 ** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7154 **
7155 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
7156 ** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7157 **
7158 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
7159 ** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
7160 ** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
7161 ** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
7162 ** </dl>
7163 **
7164 ** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
7165 */
7166 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
7167 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
7168 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
7169 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
7170 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
7171 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
7172 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
7173 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
7174 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
7175 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
7176 
7177 /*
7178 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
7179 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7180 **
7181 ** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
7182 ** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
7183 ** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
7184 ** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
7185 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
7186 ** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
7187 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
7188 ** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
7189 **
7190 ** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
7191 ** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
7192 ** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
7193 ** reset back down to the current value.
7194 **
7195 ** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
7196 ** non-zero [error code] on failure.
7197 **
7198 ** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
7199 */
7200 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
7201 
7202 /*
7203 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
7204 ** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
7205 **
7206 ** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
7207 ** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
7208 **
7209 ** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
7210 ** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
7211 ** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
7212 ** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
7213 ** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
7214 **
7215 ** <dl>
7216 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
7217 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
7218 ** checked out.</dd>)^
7219 **
7220 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
7221 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
7222 ** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7223 ** the current value is always zero.)^
7224 **
7225 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
7226 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
7227 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
7228 ** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
7229 ** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
7230 ** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7231 ** the current value is always zero.)^
7232 **
7233 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
7234 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
7235 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
7236 ** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
7237 ** memory already being in use.
7238 ** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7239 ** the current value is always zero.)^
7240 **
7241 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
7242 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7243 ** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
7244 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
7245 **
7246 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
7247 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
7248 ** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
7249 ** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
7250 ** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
7251 ** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
7252 ** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
7253 ** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
7254 ** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
7255 ** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
7256 ** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
7257 **
7258 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
7259 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7260 ** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
7261 ** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
7262 ** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
7263 ** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
7264 ** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
7265 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
7266 **
7267 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
7268 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7269 ** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
7270 ** the database connection.)^
7271 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
7272 ** </dd>
7273 **
7274 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
7275 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
7276 ** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
7277 ** is always 0.
7278 ** </dd>
7279 **
7280 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
7281 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
7282 ** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
7283 ** is always 0.
7284 ** </dd>
7285 **
7286 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
7287 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
7288 ** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
7289 ** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
7290 ** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
7291 ** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
7292 ** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
7293 ** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
7294 ** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
7295 ** </dd>
7296 **
7297 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
7298 ** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
7299 ** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
7300 ** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
7301 ** </dd>
7302 ** </dl>
7303 */
7304 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
7305 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
7306 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
7307 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
7308 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
7309 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
7310 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
7311 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
7312 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
7313 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
7314 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
7315 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
7316 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 11   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
7317 
7318 
7319 /*
7320 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
7321 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
7322 **
7323 ** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
7324 ** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
7325 ** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
7326 ** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
7327 ** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
7328 ** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
7329 ** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
7330 ** an index.
7331 **
7332 ** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
7333 ** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
7334 ** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
7335 ** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
7336 ** to be interrogated.)^
7337 ** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
7338 ** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
7339 ** interface call returns.
7340 **
7341 ** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
7342 */
7343 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
7344 
7345 /*
7346 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
7347 ** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
7348 **
7349 ** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
7350 ** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
7351 ** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
7352 **
7353 ** <dl>
7354 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
7355 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
7356 ** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
7357 ** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
7358 ** careful use of indices.</dd>
7359 **
7360 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
7361 ** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
7362 ** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7363 ** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
7364 **
7365 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
7366 ** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
7367 ** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
7368 ** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7369 ** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
7370 ** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
7371 **
7372 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
7373 ** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
7374 ** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
7375 ** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
7376 ** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
7377 ** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
7378 ** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
7379 **
7380 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
7381 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
7382 ** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or change to
7383 ** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
7384 **
7385 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
7386 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
7387 ** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
7388 ** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
7389 ** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
7390 ** cycle.
7391 **
7392 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
7393 ** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
7394 ** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
7395 ** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
7396 ** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
7397 ** </dd>
7398 ** </dl>
7399 */
7400 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
7401 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
7402 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
7403 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
7404 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
7405 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
7406 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
7407 
7408 /*
7409 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7410 **
7411 ** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
7412 ** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
7413 ** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
7414 ** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
7415 ** to the object.
7416 **
7417 ** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7418 */
7419 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
7420 
7421 /*
7422 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7423 **
7424 ** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
7425 ** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
7426 ** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
7427 ** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
7428 **
7429 ** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7430 */
7431 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
7432 struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
7433   void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
7434   void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
7435 };
7436 
7437 /*
7438 ** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
7439 ** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
7440 **
7441 ** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
7442 ** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
7443 ** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
7444 ** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
7445 ** SQLite is used for the page cache.
7446 ** By implementing a
7447 ** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
7448 ** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
7449 ** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
7450 ** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
7451 ** how long.
7452 **
7453 ** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
7454 ** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
7455 ** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
7456 **
7457 ** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
7458 ** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
7459 ** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
7460 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
7461 **
7462 ** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
7463 ** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
7464 ** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
7465 ** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
7466 ** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
7467 ** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
7468 ** required by the custom page cache implementation.
7469 ** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
7470 ** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
7471 ** page cache.)^
7472 **
7473 ** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
7474 ** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
7475 ** It can be used to clean up
7476 ** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
7477 ** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
7478 **
7479 ** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
7480 ** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
7481 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
7482 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
7483 ** in multithreaded applications.
7484 **
7485 ** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
7486 ** call to xShutdown().
7487 **
7488 ** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
7489 ** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
7490 ** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
7491 ** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
7492 ** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
7493 ** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
7494 ** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
7495 ** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
7496 ** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
7497 ** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
7498 ** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
7499 ** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
7500 ** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
7501 ** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
7502 ** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
7503 ** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
7504 ** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
7505 ** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
7506 ** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
7507 ** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
7508 ** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
7509 ** never contain any unpinned pages.
7510 **
7511 ** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
7512 ** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
7513 ** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
7514 ** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
7515 ** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
7516 ** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
7517 ** value; it is advisory only.
7518 **
7519 ** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
7520 ** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
7521 ** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
7522 **
7523 ** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
7524 ** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
7525 ** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
7526 ** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
7527 ** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
7528 ** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
7529 ** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
7530 ** for each entry in the page cache.
7531 **
7532 ** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
7533 ** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
7534 ** to be "pinned".
7535 **
7536 ** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
7537 ** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
7538 ** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
7539 ** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
7540 ** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
7541 **
7542 ** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
7543 ** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
7544 ** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
7545 ** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
7546 **                 Otherwise return NULL.
7547 ** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
7548 **                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
7549 ** </table>
7550 **
7551 ** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
7552 ** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
7553 ** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
7554 ** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
7555 ** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
7556 **
7557 ** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
7558 ** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
7559 ** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
7560 ** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
7561 ** ^If the discard parameter is
7562 ** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
7563 ** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
7564 ** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
7565 **
7566 ** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
7567 ** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
7568 ** to xFetch().
7569 **
7570 ** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
7571 ** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
7572 ** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
7573 ** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
7574 ** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
7575 ** to be pinned.
7576 **
7577 ** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
7578 ** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
7579 ** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
7580 ** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
7581 ** they can be safely discarded.
7582 **
7583 ** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
7584 ** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
7585 ** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
7586 ** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
7587 ** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
7588 ** functions.
7589 **
7590 ** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
7591 ** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
7592 ** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
7593 ** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
7594 ** do their best.
7595 */
7596 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
7597 struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
7598   int iVersion;
7599   void *pArg;
7600   int (*xInit)(void*);
7601   void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7602   sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
7603   void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7604   int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7605   sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7606   void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
7607   void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
7608       unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7609   void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7610   void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7611   void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7612 };
7613 
7614 /*
7615 ** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
7616 ** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
7617 ** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
7618 */
7619 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
7620 struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
7621   void *pArg;
7622   int (*xInit)(void*);
7623   void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7624   sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
7625   void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7626   int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7627   void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7628   void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
7629   void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7630   void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7631   void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7632 };
7633 
7634 
7635 /*
7636 ** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
7637 **
7638 ** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
7639 ** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
7640 ** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
7641 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
7642 **
7643 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7644 */
7645 typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
7646 
7647 /*
7648 ** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
7649 **
7650 ** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
7651 ** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
7652 ** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
7653 **
7654 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7655 **
7656 ** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
7657 ** for the duration of the backup operation.
7658 ** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
7659 ** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
7660 ** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
7661 ** preventing other database connections from
7662 ** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
7663 **
7664 ** ^(To perform a backup operation:
7665 **   <ol>
7666 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
7667 **         backup,
7668 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
7669 **         the data between the two databases, and finally
7670 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
7671 **         associated with the backup operation.
7672 **   </ol>)^
7673 ** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
7674 ** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
7675 **
7676 ** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
7677 **
7678 ** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
7679 ** [database connection] associated with the destination database
7680 ** and the database name, respectively.
7681 ** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
7682 ** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
7683 ** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
7684 ** ^The S and M arguments passed to
7685 ** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
7686 ** and database name of the source database, respectively.
7687 ** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
7688 ** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
7689 ** an error.
7690 **
7691 ** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
7692 ** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
7693 ** destination database.
7694 **
7695 ** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
7696 ** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
7697 ** destination [database connection] D.
7698 ** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
7699 ** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
7700 ** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
7701 ** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
7702 ** [sqlite3_backup] object.
7703 ** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
7704 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
7705 ** operation.
7706 **
7707 ** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
7708 **
7709 ** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
7710 ** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
7711 ** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
7712 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
7713 ** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
7714 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
7715 ** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
7716 ** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
7717 ** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
7718 ** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
7719 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
7720 ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
7721 **
7722 ** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
7723 ** <ol>
7724 ** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
7725 ** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
7726 ** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
7727 ** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
7728 ** destination and source page sizes differ.
7729 ** </ol>)^
7730 **
7731 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
7732 ** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
7733 ** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
7734 ** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
7735 ** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
7736 ** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
7737 ** [database connection]
7738 ** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
7739 ** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
7740 ** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
7741 ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
7742 ** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
7743 ** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
7744 ** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
7745 ** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
7746 ** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
7747 **
7748 ** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
7749 ** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
7750 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
7751 ** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
7752 ** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
7753 ** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
7754 ** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
7755 ** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
7756 ** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
7757 ** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
7758 ** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
7759 ** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
7760 ** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
7761 ** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
7762 ** updated at the same time.
7763 **
7764 ** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
7765 **
7766 ** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
7767 ** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
7768 ** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7769 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
7770 ** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
7771 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
7772 ** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
7773 ** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
7774 ** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7775 **
7776 ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
7777 ** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
7778 ** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
7779 ** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
7780 ** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
7781 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
7782 **
7783 ** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
7784 ** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
7785 ** sqlite3_backup_finish().
7786 **
7787 ** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
7788 ** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
7789 **
7790 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
7791 ** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
7792 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
7793 ** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
7794 ** sqlite3_backup_step().
7795 ** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
7796 ** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
7797 ** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
7798 ** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7799 ** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
7800 ** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
7801 **
7802 ** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
7803 **
7804 ** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
7805 ** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
7806 ** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
7807 ** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
7808 ** from within other threads.
7809 **
7810 ** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
7811 ** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
7812 ** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
7813 ** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
7814 ** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
7815 ** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
7816 ** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
7817 ** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
7818 **
7819 ** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
7820 ** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
7821 ** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
7822 ** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
7823 ** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
7824 ** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
7825 **
7826 ** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
7827 ** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
7828 ** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7829 ** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
7830 ** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
7831 ** possible that they return invalid values.
7832 */
7833 SQLITE_API sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
7834   sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
7835   const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
7836   sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
7837   const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
7838 );
7839 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
7840 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
7841 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
7842 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
7843 
7844 /*
7845 ** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
7846 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7847 **
7848 ** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
7849 ** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
7850 ** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
7851 ** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
7852 ** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
7853 ** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
7854 ** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
7855 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
7856 **
7857 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
7858 **
7859 ** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
7860 ** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
7861 **
7862 ** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
7863 ** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
7864 ** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
7865 ** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
7866 ** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
7867 ** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
7868 ** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
7869 ** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
7870 ** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
7871 ** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
7872 **
7873 ** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
7874 ** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
7875 ** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
7876 ** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
7877 ** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
7878 **
7879 ** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
7880 ** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
7881 ** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
7882 ** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
7883 **
7884 ** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
7885 ** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
7886 ** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
7887 ** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
7888 ** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
7889 ** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
7890 ** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
7891 ** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
7892 **
7893 ** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
7894 ** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
7895 ** crash or deadlock may be the result.
7896 **
7897 ** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
7898 ** returns SQLITE_OK.
7899 **
7900 ** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
7901 **
7902 ** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
7903 ** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
7904 ** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
7905 ** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
7906 ** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
7907 ** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
7908 **
7909 ** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
7910 ** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
7911 ** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
7912 ** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
7913 ** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
7914 ** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
7915 ** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
7916 ** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
7917 **
7918 ** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
7919 **
7920 ** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
7921 ** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
7922 ** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
7923 ** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
7924 ** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
7925 ** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
7926 ** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
7927 **
7928 ** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
7929 ** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
7930 ** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
7931 ** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
7932 ** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
7933 ** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
7934 ** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
7935 ** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
7936 ** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
7937 ** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
7938 ** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
7939 ** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
7940 **
7941 ** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
7942 **
7943 ** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
7944 ** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
7945 ** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
7946 ** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
7947 ** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
7948 ** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
7949 ** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
7950 ** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
7951 ** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
7952 **
7953 ** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
7954 ** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
7955 ** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
7956 ** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
7957 ** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
7958 */
7959 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
7960   sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
7961   void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
7962   void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
7963 );
7964 
7965 
7966 /*
7967 ** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
7968 **
7969 ** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
7970 ** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
7971 ** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
7972 ** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
7973 */
7974 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
7975 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
7976 
7977 /*
7978 ** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
7979 *
7980 ** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
7981 ** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
7982 ** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
7983 ** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
7984 ** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
7985 ** is case sensitive.
7986 **
7987 ** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7988 ** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7989 **
7990 ** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
7991 */
7992 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
7993 
7994 /*
7995 ** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
7996 *
7997 ** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
7998 ** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
7999 ** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
8000 ** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
8001 ** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
8002 ** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
8003 ** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
8004 ** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
8005 ** one another.
8006 **
8007 ** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
8008 ** only ASCII characters are case folded.
8009 **
8010 ** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
8011 ** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
8012 **
8013 ** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
8014 */
8015 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
8016 
8017 /*
8018 ** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
8019 **
8020 ** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
8021 ** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
8022 ** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
8023 ** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
8024 **
8025 ** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
8026 ** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
8027 ** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
8028 ** is considered bad form.
8029 **
8030 ** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
8031 **
8032 ** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
8033 ** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
8034 ** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
8035 ** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
8036 ** buffer.
8037 */
8038 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
8039 
8040 /*
8041 ** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
8042 ** METHOD: sqlite3
8043 **
8044 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
8045 ** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
8046 **
8047 ** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
8048 ** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
8049 ** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
8050 **
8051 ** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
8052 ** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
8053 ** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
8054 ** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
8055 ** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
8056 ** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
8057 ** including those that were just committed.
8058 **
8059 ** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
8060 ** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
8061 ** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
8062 ** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
8063 ** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
8064 ** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
8065 ** are undefined.
8066 **
8067 ** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
8068 ** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
8069 ** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
8070 ** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
8071 ** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
8072 ** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
8073 */
8074 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
8075   sqlite3*,
8076   int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
8077   void*
8078 );
8079 
8080 /*
8081 ** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
8082 ** METHOD: sqlite3
8083 **
8084 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
8085 ** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
8086 ** to automatically [checkpoint]
8087 ** after committing a transaction if there are N or
8088 ** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
8089 ** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
8090 ** checkpoints entirely.
8091 **
8092 ** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
8093 ** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
8094 ** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
8095 ** configured by this function.
8096 **
8097 ** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
8098 ** from SQL.
8099 **
8100 ** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
8101 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
8102 **
8103 ** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
8104 ** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
8105 ** pages.  The use of this interface
8106 ** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
8107 ** for a particular application.
8108 */
8109 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
8110 
8111 /*
8112 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
8113 ** METHOD: sqlite3
8114 **
8115 ** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
8116 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
8117 **
8118 ** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
8119 ** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
8120 ** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
8121 ** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
8122 ** information.
8123 **
8124 ** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
8125 ** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
8126 ** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
8127 ** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
8128 ** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
8129 ** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
8130 */
8131 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
8132 
8133 /*
8134 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
8135 ** METHOD: sqlite3
8136 **
8137 ** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
8138 ** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
8139 ** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
8140 ** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
8141 **
8142 ** <dl>
8143 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
8144 **   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
8145 **   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
8146 **   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
8147 **   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
8148 **   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
8149 **   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
8150 **
8151 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
8152 **   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
8153 **   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
8154 **   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
8155 **   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
8156 **   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
8157 **   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
8158 **
8159 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
8160 **   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
8161 **   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
8162 **   [busy-handler callback])
8163 **   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
8164 **   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
8165 **   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
8166 **   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
8167 **
8168 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
8169 **   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
8170 **   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
8171 **   to a successful return.
8172 ** </dl>
8173 **
8174 ** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
8175 ** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
8176 ** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
8177 ** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
8178 ** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
8179 ** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
8180 ** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
8181 ** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
8182 ** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
8183 **
8184 ** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
8185 ** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
8186 ** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
8187 ** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
8188 **
8189 ** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
8190 ** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
8191 ** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
8192 ** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
8193 ** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
8194 ** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
8195 ** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
8196 ** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
8197 ** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
8198 ** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
8199 **
8200 ** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
8201 ** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
8202 ** [database connection] db.  In this case the
8203 ** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
8204 ** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
8205 ** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
8206 ** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
8207 ** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
8208 ** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
8209 ** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
8210 ** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
8211 **
8212 ** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
8213 ** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
8214 ** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
8215 ** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
8216 **
8217 ** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
8218 ** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
8219 ** sets the error information that is queried by
8220 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
8221 **
8222 ** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
8223 ** from SQL.
8224 */
8225 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
8226   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
8227   const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
8228   int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
8229   int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
8230   int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
8231 );
8232 
8233 /*
8234 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
8235 ** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
8236 **
8237 ** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
8238 ** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
8239 ** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
8240 ** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
8241 */
8242 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
8243 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
8244 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
8245 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
8246 
8247 /*
8248 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
8249 **
8250 ** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
8251 ** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
8252 ** various facets of the virtual table interface.
8253 **
8254 ** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
8255 ** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
8256 **
8257 ** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
8258 ** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
8259 ** may be added in the future.
8260 */
8261 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
8262 
8263 /*
8264 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
8265 **
8266 ** These macros define the various options to the
8267 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
8268 ** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
8269 **
8270 ** <dl>
8271 ** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
8272 ** <dd>Calls of the form
8273 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
8274 ** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
8275 ** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
8276 ** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
8277 ** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
8278 ** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
8279 ** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
8280 ** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
8281 **
8282 ** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
8283 ** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
8284 ** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
8285 ** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
8286 ** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
8287 ** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
8288 ** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
8289 ** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
8290 ** had been ABORT.
8291 **
8292 ** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
8293 ** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
8294 ** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
8295 ** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
8296 ** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
8297 ** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
8298 ** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
8299 ** constraint handling.
8300 ** </dl>
8301 */
8302 #define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
8303 
8304 /*
8305 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
8306 **
8307 ** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
8308 ** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
8309 ** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
8310 ** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8311 ** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
8312 ** [virtual table].
8313 */
8314 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
8315 
8316 /*
8317 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
8318 **
8319 ** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
8320 ** method of a [virtual table], then it returns true if and only if the
8321 ** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
8322 ** column value will not change.  Applications might use this to substitute
8323 ** a lighter-weight value to return that the corresponding [xUpdate] method
8324 ** understands as a "no-change" value.
8325 **
8326 ** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
8327 ** the column is not changed by the UPDATE statement, they the xColumn
8328 ** method can optionally return without setting a result, without calling
8329 ** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
8330 ** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
8331 ** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
8332 */
8333 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
8334 
8335 /*
8336 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
8337 **
8338 ** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
8339 ** method of a [virtual table].
8340 **
8341 ** The first argument must be the sqlite3_index_info object that is the
8342 ** first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument must be
8343 ** an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the sqlite3_index_info
8344 ** structure passed to xBestIndex. This function returns a pointer to a buffer
8345 ** containing the name of the collation sequence for the corresponding
8346 ** constraint.
8347 */
8348 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
8349 
8350 /*
8351 ** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
8352 ** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
8353 **
8354 ** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
8355 ** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8356 ** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
8357 **
8358 ** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
8359 ** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
8360 ** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
8361 */
8362 #define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
8363 /* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
8364 #define SQLITE_FAIL     3
8365 /* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
8366 #define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
8367 
8368 /*
8369 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
8370 ** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
8371 **
8372 ** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
8373 ** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
8374 ** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
8375 **
8376 ** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
8377 ** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
8378 ** S is finalized.
8379 **
8380 ** <dl>
8381 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
8382 ** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be
8383 ** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
8384 **
8385 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
8386 ** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8387 ** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
8388 **
8389 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
8390 ** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8391 ** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
8392 ** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
8393 ** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
8394 ** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
8395 ** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
8396 **
8397 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
8398 ** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8399 ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
8400 ** used for the X-th loop.
8401 **
8402 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
8403 ** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8404 ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
8405 ** description for the X-th loop.
8406 **
8407 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
8408 ** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8409 ** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
8410 ** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
8411 ** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
8412 ** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
8413 ** </dl>
8414 */
8415 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
8416 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
8417 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
8418 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
8419 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
8420 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
8421 
8422 /*
8423 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
8424 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8425 **
8426 ** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
8427 ** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
8428 ** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
8429 ** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
8430 **
8431 ** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
8432 ** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
8433 ** compile-time option.
8434 **
8435 ** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
8436 ** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
8437 ** of this interface is undefined.
8438 ** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
8439 ** the "pOut" parameter.
8440 ** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
8441 ** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
8442 ** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
8443 ** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
8444 ** points to is unchanged.
8445 **
8446 ** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
8447 ** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
8448 ** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
8449 ** that pOut points to unchanged.
8450 **
8451 ** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
8452 */
8453 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
8454   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
8455   int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
8456   int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
8457   void *pOut                /* Result written here */
8458 );
8459 
8460 /*
8461 ** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
8462 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8463 **
8464 ** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
8465 **
8466 ** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
8467 ** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
8468 */
8469 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
8470 
8471 /*
8472 ** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
8473 **
8474 ** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
8475 ** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
8476 ** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
8477 ** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
8478 ** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
8479 ** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
8480 ** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
8481 ** any [attached] databases.
8482 **
8483 ** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
8484 ** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
8485 ** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
8486 ** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
8487 ** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
8488 ** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
8489 ** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
8490 ** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
8491 **
8492 ** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
8493 ** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
8494 ** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
8495 **
8496 ** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
8497 **
8498 ** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
8499 ** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
8500 */
8501 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
8502 
8503 /*
8504 ** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
8505 **
8506 ** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
8507 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
8508 **
8509 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
8510 ** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
8511 ** on a database table.
8512 ** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
8513 ** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
8514 ** the previous setting.
8515 ** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
8516 ** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
8517 ** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
8518 ** the first parameter to callbacks.
8519 **
8520 ** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to real database tables; the
8521 ** preupdate hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or to
8522 ** system tables like sqlite_master or sqlite_stat1.
8523 **
8524 ** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
8525 ** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
8526 ** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
8527 ** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
8528 ** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
8529 ** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8530 ** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
8531 ** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
8532 ** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
8533 ** databases.)^
8534 ** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8535 ** table that is being modified.
8536 **
8537 ** For an UPDATE or DELETE operation on a [rowid table], the sixth
8538 ** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
8539 ** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
8540 ** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
8541 ** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
8542 ** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
8543 ** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
8544 ** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
8545 ** INSERT operations on rowid tables.
8546 **
8547 ** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
8548 ** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
8549 ** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
8550 ** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
8551 ** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
8552 ** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
8553 ** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
8554 ** behavior.
8555 **
8556 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
8557 ** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
8558 **
8559 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8560 ** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8561 ** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8562 ** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8563 ** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
8564 ** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
8565 ** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8566 ** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8567 **
8568 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8569 ** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8570 ** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8571 ** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8572 ** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
8573 ** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
8574 ** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8575 ** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8576 **
8577 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
8578 ** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
8579 ** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
8580 ** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
8581 ** triggers; and so forth.
8582 **
8583 ** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
8584 */
8585 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
8586 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
8587   sqlite3 *db,
8588   void(*xPreUpdate)(
8589     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
8590     sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
8591     int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
8592     char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
8593     char const *zName,            /* Table name */
8594     sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
8595     sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
8596   ),
8597   void*
8598 );
8599 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
8600 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
8601 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
8602 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
8603 #endif
8604 
8605 /*
8606 ** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
8607 **
8608 ** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
8609 ** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
8610 ** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
8611 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
8612 ** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
8613 ** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
8614 */
8615 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
8616 
8617 /*
8618 ** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
8619 ** KEYWORDS: {snapshot} {sqlite3_snapshot}
8620 ** EXPERIMENTAL
8621 **
8622 ** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
8623 ** database for some specific point in history.
8624 **
8625 ** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
8626 ** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
8627 ** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
8628 ** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
8629 ** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
8630 ** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
8631 ** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
8632 **
8633 ** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
8634 ** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
8635 ** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
8636 ** the most recent version.
8637 **
8638 ** The constructor for this object is [sqlite3_snapshot_get()].  The
8639 ** [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] method causes a fresh read transaction to refer
8640 ** to an historical snapshot (if possible).  The destructor for
8641 ** sqlite3_snapshot objects is [sqlite3_snapshot_free()].
8642 */
8643 typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
8644   unsigned char hidden[48];
8645 } sqlite3_snapshot;
8646 
8647 /*
8648 ** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
8649 ** EXPERIMENTAL
8650 **
8651 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
8652 ** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
8653 ** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
8654 ** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
8655 ** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
8656 ** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
8657 ** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
8658 **
8659 ** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
8660 ** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
8661 ** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
8662 ** in this case.
8663 **
8664 ** <ul>
8665 **   <li> The database handle must be in [autocommit mode].
8666 **
8667 **   <li> Schema S of [database connection] D must be a [WAL mode] database.
8668 **
8669 **   <li> There must not be a write transaction open on schema S of database
8670 **        connection D.
8671 **
8672 **   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
8673 **        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
8674 **        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
8675 **        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
8676 **        must be written to it first.
8677 ** </ul>
8678 **
8679 ** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
8680 ** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
8681 ** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
8682 **
8683 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
8684 ** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
8685 ** to avoid a memory leak.
8686 **
8687 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
8688 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8689 */
8690 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
8691   sqlite3 *db,
8692   const char *zSchema,
8693   sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
8694 );
8695 
8696 /*
8697 ** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
8698 ** EXPERIMENTAL
8699 **
8700 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface starts a
8701 ** read transaction for schema S of
8702 ** [database connection] D such that the read transaction
8703 ** refers to historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most
8704 ** recent change to the database.
8705 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK on success
8706 ** or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
8707 **
8708 ** ^In order to succeed, a call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] must be
8709 ** the first operation following the [BEGIN] that takes the schema S
8710 ** out of [autocommit mode].
8711 ** ^In other words, schema S must not currently be in
8712 ** a transaction for [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] to work, but the
8713 ** database connection D must be out of [autocommit mode].
8714 ** ^A [snapshot] will fail to open if it has been overwritten by a
8715 ** [checkpoint].
8716 ** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
8717 ** database connection D does not know that the database file for
8718 ** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
8719 ** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
8720 ** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
8721 ** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
8722 ** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
8723 ** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
8724 **
8725 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
8726 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8727 */
8728 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
8729   sqlite3 *db,
8730   const char *zSchema,
8731   sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
8732 );
8733 
8734 /*
8735 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
8736 ** EXPERIMENTAL
8737 **
8738 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
8739 ** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
8740 ** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
8741 **
8742 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
8743 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8744 */
8745 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
8746 
8747 /*
8748 ** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
8749 ** EXPERIMENTAL
8750 **
8751 ** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
8752 ** of two valid snapshot handles.
8753 **
8754 ** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
8755 ** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
8756 **
8757 ** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
8758 ** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
8759 ** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
8760 ** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
8761 ** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
8762 ** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
8763 ** is undefined.
8764 **
8765 ** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
8766 ** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
8767 ** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
8768 */
8769 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
8770   sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
8771   sqlite3_snapshot *p2
8772 );
8773 
8774 /*
8775 ** CAPI3REF: Recover snapshots from a wal file
8776 ** EXPERIMENTAL
8777 **
8778 ** If all connections disconnect from a database file but do not perform
8779 ** a checkpoint, the existing wal file is opened along with the database
8780 ** file the next time the database is opened. At this point it is only
8781 ** possible to successfully call sqlite3_snapshot_open() to open the most
8782 ** recent snapshot of the database (the one at the head of the wal file),
8783 ** even though the wal file may contain other valid snapshots for which
8784 ** clients have sqlite3_snapshot handles.
8785 **
8786 ** This function attempts to scan the wal file associated with database zDb
8787 ** of database handle db and make all valid snapshots available to
8788 ** sqlite3_snapshot_open(). It is an error if there is already a read
8789 ** transaction open on the database, or if the database is not a wal mode
8790 ** database.
8791 **
8792 ** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
8793 */
8794 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
8795 
8796 /*
8797 ** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
8798 ** builds on processors without floating point support.
8799 */
8800 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
8801 # undef double
8802 #endif
8803 
8804 #ifdef __cplusplus
8805 }  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
8806 #endif
8807 #endif /* SQLITE3_H */
8808 
8809 /******** Begin file sqlite3rtree.h *********/
8810 /*
8811 ** 2010 August 30
8812 **
8813 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
8814 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
8815 **
8816 **    May you do good and not evil.
8817 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
8818 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
8819 **
8820 *************************************************************************
8821 */
8822 
8823 #ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
8824 #define _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
8825 
8826 
8827 #ifdef __cplusplus
8828 extern "C" {
8829 #endif
8830 
8831 typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry sqlite3_rtree_geometry;
8832 typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info sqlite3_rtree_query_info;
8833 
8834 /* The double-precision datatype used by RTree depends on the
8835 ** SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY compile-time option.
8836 */
8837 #ifdef SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
8838   typedef sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
8839 #else
8840   typedef double sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
8841 #endif
8842 
8843 /*
8844 ** Register a geometry callback named zGeom that can be used as part of an
8845 ** R-Tree geometry query as follows:
8846 **
8847 **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zGeom(... params ...)
8848 */
8849 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback(
8850   sqlite3 *db,
8851   const char *zGeom,
8852   int (*xGeom)(sqlite3_rtree_geometry*, int, sqlite3_rtree_dbl*,int*),
8853   void *pContext
8854 );
8855 
8856 
8857 /*
8858 ** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the first
8859 ** argument to callbacks registered using rtree_geometry_callback().
8860 */
8861 struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry {
8862   void *pContext;                 /* Copy of pContext passed to s_r_g_c() */
8863   int nParam;                     /* Size of array aParam[] */
8864   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;      /* Parameters passed to SQL geom function */
8865   void *pUser;                    /* Callback implementation user data */
8866   void (*xDelUser)(void *);       /* Called by SQLite to clean up pUser */
8867 };
8868 
8869 /*
8870 ** Register a 2nd-generation geometry callback named zScore that can be
8871 ** used as part of an R-Tree geometry query as follows:
8872 **
8873 **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zQueryFunc(... params ...)
8874 */
8875 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_query_callback(
8876   sqlite3 *db,
8877   const char *zQueryFunc,
8878   int (*xQueryFunc)(sqlite3_rtree_query_info*),
8879   void *pContext,
8880   void (*xDestructor)(void*)
8881 );
8882 
8883 
8884 /*
8885 ** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the
8886 ** argument to scored geometry callback registered using
8887 ** sqlite3_rtree_query_callback().
8888 **
8889 ** Note that the first 5 fields of this structure are identical to
8890 ** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.  This structure is a subclass of
8891 ** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.
8892 */
8893 struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info {
8894   void *pContext;                   /* pContext from when function registered */
8895   int nParam;                       /* Number of function parameters */
8896   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;        /* value of function parameters */
8897   void *pUser;                      /* callback can use this, if desired */
8898   void (*xDelUser)(void*);          /* function to free pUser */
8899   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aCoord;        /* Coordinates of node or entry to check */
8900   unsigned int *anQueue;            /* Number of pending entries in the queue */
8901   int nCoord;                       /* Number of coordinates */
8902   int iLevel;                       /* Level of current node or entry */
8903   int mxLevel;                      /* The largest iLevel value in the tree */
8904   sqlite3_int64 iRowid;             /* Rowid for current entry */
8905   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rParentScore;   /* Score of parent node */
8906   int eParentWithin;                /* Visibility of parent node */
8907   int eWithin;                      /* OUT: Visiblity */
8908   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rScore;         /* OUT: Write the score here */
8909   /* The following fields are only available in 3.8.11 and later */
8910   sqlite3_value **apSqlParam;       /* Original SQL values of parameters */
8911 };
8912 
8913 /*
8914 ** Allowed values for sqlite3_rtree_query.eWithin and .eParentWithin.
8915 */
8916 #define NOT_WITHIN       0   /* Object completely outside of query region */
8917 #define PARTLY_WITHIN    1   /* Object partially overlaps query region */
8918 #define FULLY_WITHIN     2   /* Object fully contained within query region */
8919 
8920 
8921 #ifdef __cplusplus
8922 }  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
8923 #endif
8924 
8925 #endif  /* ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_ */
8926 
8927 /******** End of sqlite3rtree.h *********/
8928 /******** Begin file sqlite3session.h *********/
8929 
8930 #if !defined(__SQLITESESSION_H_) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION)
8931 #define __SQLITESESSION_H_ 1
8932 
8933 /*
8934 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
8935 */
8936 #ifdef __cplusplus
8937 extern "C" {
8938 #endif
8939 
8940 
8941 /*
8942 ** CAPI3REF: Session Object Handle
8943 */
8944 typedef struct sqlite3_session sqlite3_session;
8945 
8946 /*
8947 ** CAPI3REF: Changeset Iterator Handle
8948 */
8949 typedef struct sqlite3_changeset_iter sqlite3_changeset_iter;
8950 
8951 /*
8952 ** CAPI3REF: Create A New Session Object
8953 **
8954 ** Create a new session object attached to database handle db. If successful,
8955 ** a pointer to the new object is written to *ppSession and SQLITE_OK is
8956 ** returned. If an error occurs, *ppSession is set to NULL and an SQLite
8957 ** error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.
8958 **
8959 ** It is possible to create multiple session objects attached to a single
8960 ** database handle.
8961 **
8962 ** Session objects created using this function should be deleted using the
8963 ** [sqlite3session_delete()] function before the database handle that they
8964 ** are attached to is itself closed. If the database handle is closed before
8965 ** the session object is deleted, then the results of calling any session
8966 ** module function, including [sqlite3session_delete()] on the session object
8967 ** are undefined.
8968 **
8969 ** Because the session module uses the [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] API, it
8970 ** is not possible for an application to register a pre-update hook on a
8971 ** database handle that has one or more session objects attached. Nor is
8972 ** it possible to create a session object attached to a database handle for
8973 ** which a pre-update hook is already defined. The results of attempting
8974 ** either of these things are undefined.
8975 **
8976 ** The session object will be used to create changesets for tables in
8977 ** database zDb, where zDb is either "main", or "temp", or the name of an
8978 ** attached database. It is not an error if database zDb is not attached
8979 ** to the database when the session object is created.
8980 */
8981 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_create(
8982   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
8983   const char *zDb,                /* Name of db (e.g. "main") */
8984   sqlite3_session **ppSession     /* OUT: New session object */
8985 );
8986 
8987 /*
8988 ** CAPI3REF: Delete A Session Object
8989 **
8990 ** Delete a session object previously allocated using
8991 ** [sqlite3session_create()]. Once a session object has been deleted, the
8992 ** results of attempting to use pSession with any other session module
8993 ** function are undefined.
8994 **
8995 ** Session objects must be deleted before the database handle to which they
8996 ** are attached is closed. Refer to the documentation for
8997 ** [sqlite3session_create()] for details.
8998 */
8999 SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_delete(sqlite3_session *pSession);
9000 
9001 
9002 /*
9003 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable A Session Object
9004 **
9005 ** Enable or disable the recording of changes by a session object. When
9006 ** enabled, a session object records changes made to the database. When
9007 ** disabled - it does not. A newly created session object is enabled.
9008 ** Refer to the documentation for [sqlite3session_changeset()] for further
9009 ** details regarding how enabling and disabling a session object affects
9010 ** the eventual changesets.
9011 **
9012 ** Passing zero to this function disables the session. Passing a value
9013 ** greater than zero enables it. Passing a value less than zero is a
9014 ** no-op, and may be used to query the current state of the session.
9015 **
9016 ** The return value indicates the final state of the session object: 0 if
9017 ** the session is disabled, or 1 if it is enabled.
9018 */
9019 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_enable(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bEnable);
9020 
9021 /*
9022 ** CAPI3REF: Set Or Clear the Indirect Change Flag
9023 **
9024 ** Each change recorded by a session object is marked as either direct or
9025 ** indirect. A change is marked as indirect if either:
9026 **
9027 ** <ul>
9028 **   <li> The session object "indirect" flag is set when the change is
9029 **        made, or
9030 **   <li> The change is made by an SQL trigger or foreign key action
9031 **        instead of directly as a result of a users SQL statement.
9032 ** </ul>
9033 **
9034 ** If a single row is affected by more than one operation within a session,
9035 ** then the change is considered indirect if all operations meet the criteria
9036 ** for an indirect change above, or direct otherwise.
9037 **
9038 ** This function is used to set, clear or query the session object indirect
9039 ** flag.  If the second argument passed to this function is zero, then the
9040 ** indirect flag is cleared. If it is greater than zero, the indirect flag
9041 ** is set. Passing a value less than zero does not modify the current value
9042 ** of the indirect flag, and may be used to query the current state of the
9043 ** indirect flag for the specified session object.
9044 **
9045 ** The return value indicates the final state of the indirect flag: 0 if
9046 ** it is clear, or 1 if it is set.
9047 */
9048 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_indirect(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bIndirect);
9049 
9050 /*
9051 ** CAPI3REF: Attach A Table To A Session Object
9052 **
9053 ** If argument zTab is not NULL, then it is the name of a table to attach
9054 ** to the session object passed as the first argument. All subsequent changes
9055 ** made to the table while the session object is enabled will be recorded. See
9056 ** documentation for [sqlite3session_changeset()] for further details.
9057 **
9058 ** Or, if argument zTab is NULL, then changes are recorded for all tables
9059 ** in the database. If additional tables are added to the database (by
9060 ** executing "CREATE TABLE" statements) after this call is made, changes for
9061 ** the new tables are also recorded.
9062 **
9063 ** Changes can only be recorded for tables that have a PRIMARY KEY explicitly
9064 ** defined as part of their CREATE TABLE statement. It does not matter if the
9065 ** PRIMARY KEY is an "INTEGER PRIMARY KEY" (rowid alias) or not. The PRIMARY
9066 ** KEY may consist of a single column, or may be a composite key.
9067 **
9068 ** It is not an error if the named table does not exist in the database. Nor
9069 ** is it an error if the named table does not have a PRIMARY KEY. However,
9070 ** no changes will be recorded in either of these scenarios.
9071 **
9072 ** Changes are not recorded for individual rows that have NULL values stored
9073 ** in one or more of their PRIMARY KEY columns.
9074 **
9075 ** SQLITE_OK is returned if the call completes without error. Or, if an error
9076 ** occurs, an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.
9077 **
9078 ** <h3>Special sqlite_stat1 Handling</h3>
9079 **
9080 ** As of SQLite version 3.22.0, the "sqlite_stat1" table is an exception to
9081 ** some of the rules above. In SQLite, the schema of sqlite_stat1 is:
9082 **  <pre>
9083 **  &nbsp;     CREATE TABLE sqlite_stat1(tbl,idx,stat)
9084 **  </pre>
9085 **
9086 ** Even though sqlite_stat1 does not have a PRIMARY KEY, changes are
9087 ** recorded for it as if the PRIMARY KEY is (tbl,idx). Additionally, changes
9088 ** are recorded for rows for which (idx IS NULL) is true. However, for such
9089 ** rows a zero-length blob (SQL value X'') is stored in the changeset or
9090 ** patchset instead of a NULL value. This allows such changesets to be
9091 ** manipulated by legacy implementations of sqlite3changeset_invert(),
9092 ** concat() and similar.
9093 **
9094 ** The sqlite3changeset_apply() function automatically converts the
9095 ** zero-length blob back to a NULL value when updating the sqlite_stat1
9096 ** table. However, if the application calls sqlite3changeset_new(),
9097 ** sqlite3changeset_old() or sqlite3changeset_conflict on a changeset
9098 ** iterator directly (including on a changeset iterator passed to a
9099 ** conflict-handler callback) then the X'' value is returned. The application
9100 ** must translate X'' to NULL itself if required.
9101 **
9102 ** Legacy (older than 3.22.0) versions of the sessions module cannot capture
9103 ** changes made to the sqlite_stat1 table. Legacy versions of the
9104 ** sqlite3changeset_apply() function silently ignore any modifications to the
9105 ** sqlite_stat1 table that are part of a changeset or patchset.
9106 */
9107 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_attach(
9108   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
9109   const char *zTab                /* Table name */
9110 );
9111 
9112 /*
9113 ** CAPI3REF: Set a table filter on a Session Object.
9114 **
9115 ** The second argument (xFilter) is the "filter callback". For changes to rows
9116 ** in tables that are not attached to the Session object, the filter is called
9117 ** to determine whether changes to the table's rows should be tracked or not.
9118 ** If xFilter returns 0, changes is not tracked. Note that once a table is
9119 ** attached, xFilter will not be called again.
9120 */
9121 SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_table_filter(
9122   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
9123   int(*xFilter)(
9124     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to _filter_table() */
9125     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
9126   ),
9127   void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xFilter */
9128 );
9129 
9130 /*
9131 ** CAPI3REF: Generate A Changeset From A Session Object
9132 **
9133 ** Obtain a changeset containing changes to the tables attached to the
9134 ** session object passed as the first argument. If successful,
9135 ** set *ppChangeset to point to a buffer containing the changeset
9136 ** and *pnChangeset to the size of the changeset in bytes before returning
9137 ** SQLITE_OK. If an error occurs, set both *ppChangeset and *pnChangeset to
9138 ** zero and return an SQLite error code.
9139 **
9140 ** A changeset consists of zero or more INSERT, UPDATE and/or DELETE changes,
9141 ** each representing a change to a single row of an attached table. An INSERT
9142 ** change contains the values of each field of a new database row. A DELETE
9143 ** contains the original values of each field of a deleted database row. An
9144 ** UPDATE change contains the original values of each field of an updated
9145 ** database row along with the updated values for each updated non-primary-key
9146 ** column. It is not possible for an UPDATE change to represent a change that
9147 ** modifies the values of primary key columns. If such a change is made, it
9148 ** is represented in a changeset as a DELETE followed by an INSERT.
9149 **
9150 ** Changes are not recorded for rows that have NULL values stored in one or
9151 ** more of their PRIMARY KEY columns. If such a row is inserted or deleted,
9152 ** no corresponding change is present in the changesets returned by this
9153 ** function. If an existing row with one or more NULL values stored in
9154 ** PRIMARY KEY columns is updated so that all PRIMARY KEY columns are non-NULL,
9155 ** only an INSERT is appears in the changeset. Similarly, if an existing row
9156 ** with non-NULL PRIMARY KEY values is updated so that one or more of its
9157 ** PRIMARY KEY columns are set to NULL, the resulting changeset contains a
9158 ** DELETE change only.
9159 **
9160 ** The contents of a changeset may be traversed using an iterator created
9161 ** using the [sqlite3changeset_start()] API. A changeset may be applied to
9162 ** a database with a compatible schema using the [sqlite3changeset_apply()]
9163 ** API.
9164 **
9165 ** Within a changeset generated by this function, all changes related to a
9166 ** single table are grouped together. In other words, when iterating through
9167 ** a changeset or when applying a changeset to a database, all changes related
9168 ** to a single table are processed before moving on to the next table. Tables
9169 ** are sorted in the same order in which they were attached (or auto-attached)
9170 ** to the sqlite3_session object. The order in which the changes related to
9171 ** a single table are stored is undefined.
9172 **
9173 ** Following a successful call to this function, it is the responsibility of
9174 ** the caller to eventually free the buffer that *ppChangeset points to using
9175 ** [sqlite3_free()].
9176 **
9177 ** <h3>Changeset Generation</h3>
9178 **
9179 ** Once a table has been attached to a session object, the session object
9180 ** records the primary key values of all new rows inserted into the table.
9181 ** It also records the original primary key and other column values of any
9182 ** deleted or updated rows. For each unique primary key value, data is only
9183 ** recorded once - the first time a row with said primary key is inserted,
9184 ** updated or deleted in the lifetime of the session.
9185 **
9186 ** There is one exception to the previous paragraph: when a row is inserted,
9187 ** updated or deleted, if one or more of its primary key columns contain a
9188 ** NULL value, no record of the change is made.
9189 **
9190 ** The session object therefore accumulates two types of records - those
9191 ** that consist of primary key values only (created when the user inserts
9192 ** a new record) and those that consist of the primary key values and the
9193 ** original values of other table columns (created when the users deletes
9194 ** or updates a record).
9195 **
9196 ** When this function is called, the requested changeset is created using
9197 ** both the accumulated records and the current contents of the database
9198 ** file. Specifically:
9199 **
9200 ** <ul>
9201 **   <li> For each record generated by an insert, the database is queried
9202 **        for a row with a matching primary key. If one is found, an INSERT
9203 **        change is added to the changeset. If no such row is found, no change
9204 **        is added to the changeset.
9205 **
9206 **   <li> For each record generated by an update or delete, the database is
9207 **        queried for a row with a matching primary key. If such a row is
9208 **        found and one or more of the non-primary key fields have been
9209 **        modified from their original values, an UPDATE change is added to
9210 **        the changeset. Or, if no such row is found in the table, a DELETE
9211 **        change is added to the changeset. If there is a row with a matching
9212 **        primary key in the database, but all fields contain their original
9213 **        values, no change is added to the changeset.
9214 ** </ul>
9215 **
9216 ** This means, amongst other things, that if a row is inserted and then later
9217 ** deleted while a session object is active, neither the insert nor the delete
9218 ** will be present in the changeset. Or if a row is deleted and then later a
9219 ** row with the same primary key values inserted while a session object is
9220 ** active, the resulting changeset will contain an UPDATE change instead of
9221 ** a DELETE and an INSERT.
9222 **
9223 ** When a session object is disabled (see the [sqlite3session_enable()] API),
9224 ** it does not accumulate records when rows are inserted, updated or deleted.
9225 ** This may appear to have some counter-intuitive effects if a single row
9226 ** is written to more than once during a session. For example, if a row
9227 ** is inserted while a session object is enabled, then later deleted while
9228 ** the same session object is disabled, no INSERT record will appear in the
9229 ** changeset, even though the delete took place while the session was disabled.
9230 ** Or, if one field of a row is updated while a session is disabled, and
9231 ** another field of the same row is updated while the session is enabled, the
9232 ** resulting changeset will contain an UPDATE change that updates both fields.
9233 */
9234 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_changeset(
9235   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
9236   int *pnChangeset,               /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppChangeset */
9237   void **ppChangeset              /* OUT: Buffer containing changeset */
9238 );
9239 
9240 /*
9241 ** CAPI3REF: Load The Difference Between Tables Into A Session
9242 **
9243 ** If it is not already attached to the session object passed as the first
9244 ** argument, this function attaches table zTbl in the same manner as the
9245 ** [sqlite3session_attach()] function. If zTbl does not exist, or if it
9246 ** does not have a primary key, this function is a no-op (but does not return
9247 ** an error).
9248 **
9249 ** Argument zFromDb must be the name of a database ("main", "temp" etc.)
9250 ** attached to the same database handle as the session object that contains
9251 ** a table compatible with the table attached to the session by this function.
9252 ** A table is considered compatible if it:
9253 **
9254 ** <ul>
9255 **   <li> Has the same name,
9256 **   <li> Has the same set of columns declared in the same order, and
9257 **   <li> Has the same PRIMARY KEY definition.
9258 ** </ul>
9259 **
9260 ** If the tables are not compatible, SQLITE_SCHEMA is returned. If the tables
9261 ** are compatible but do not have any PRIMARY KEY columns, it is not an error
9262 ** but no changes are added to the session object. As with other session
9263 ** APIs, tables without PRIMARY KEYs are simply ignored.
9264 **
9265 ** This function adds a set of changes to the session object that could be
9266 ** used to update the table in database zFrom (call this the "from-table")
9267 ** so that its content is the same as the table attached to the session
9268 ** object (call this the "to-table"). Specifically:
9269 **
9270 ** <ul>
9271 **   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in
9272 **     the from-table, an INSERT record is added to the session object.
9273 **
9274 **   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in
9275 **     the from-table, a DELETE record is added to the session object.
9276 **
9277 **   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in both tables, but features
9278 **     different non-PK values in each, an UPDATE record is added to the
9279 **     session.
9280 ** </ul>
9281 **
9282 ** To clarify, if this function is called and then a changeset constructed
9283 ** using [sqlite3session_changeset()], then after applying that changeset to
9284 ** database zFrom the contents of the two compatible tables would be
9285 ** identical.
9286 **
9287 ** It an error if database zFrom does not exist or does not contain the
9288 ** required compatible table.
9289 **
9290 ** If the operation successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an SQLite
9291 ** error code. In this case, if argument pzErrMsg is not NULL, *pzErrMsg
9292 ** may be set to point to a buffer containing an English language error
9293 ** message. It is the responsibility of the caller to free this buffer using
9294 ** sqlite3_free().
9295 */
9296 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_diff(
9297   sqlite3_session *pSession,
9298   const char *zFromDb,
9299   const char *zTbl,
9300   char **pzErrMsg
9301 );
9302 
9303 
9304 /*
9305 ** CAPI3REF: Generate A Patchset From A Session Object
9306 **
9307 ** The differences between a patchset and a changeset are that:
9308 **
9309 ** <ul>
9310 **   <li> DELETE records consist of the primary key fields only. The
9311 **        original values of other fields are omitted.
9312 **   <li> The original values of any modified fields are omitted from
9313 **        UPDATE records.
9314 ** </ul>
9315 **
9316 ** A patchset blob may be used with up to date versions of all
9317 ** sqlite3changeset_xxx API functions except for sqlite3changeset_invert(),
9318 ** which returns SQLITE_CORRUPT if it is passed a patchset. Similarly,
9319 ** attempting to use a patchset blob with old versions of the
9320 ** sqlite3changeset_xxx APIs also provokes an SQLITE_CORRUPT error.
9321 **
9322 ** Because the non-primary key "old.*" fields are omitted, no
9323 ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflicts can be detected or reported if a patchset
9324 ** is passed to the sqlite3changeset_apply() API. Other conflict types work
9325 ** in the same way as for changesets.
9326 **
9327 ** Changes within a patchset are ordered in the same way as for changesets
9328 ** generated by the sqlite3session_changeset() function (i.e. all changes for
9329 ** a single table are grouped together, tables appear in the order in which
9330 ** they were attached to the session object).
9331 */
9332 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_patchset(
9333   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
9334   int *pnPatchset,                /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppPatchset */
9335   void **ppPatchset               /* OUT: Buffer containing patchset */
9336 );
9337 
9338 /*
9339 ** CAPI3REF: Test if a changeset has recorded any changes.
9340 **
9341 ** Return non-zero if no changes to attached tables have been recorded by
9342 ** the session object passed as the first argument. Otherwise, if one or
9343 ** more changes have been recorded, return zero.
9344 **
9345 ** Even if this function returns zero, it is possible that calling
9346 ** [sqlite3session_changeset()] on the session handle may still return a
9347 ** changeset that contains no changes. This can happen when a row in
9348 ** an attached table is modified and then later on the original values
9349 ** are restored. However, if this function returns non-zero, then it is
9350 ** guaranteed that a call to sqlite3session_changeset() will return a
9351 ** changeset containing zero changes.
9352 */
9353 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_isempty(sqlite3_session *pSession);
9354 
9355 /*
9356 ** CAPI3REF: Create An Iterator To Traverse A Changeset
9357 **
9358 ** Create an iterator used to iterate through the contents of a changeset.
9359 ** If successful, *pp is set to point to the iterator handle and SQLITE_OK
9360 ** is returned. Otherwise, if an error occurs, *pp is set to zero and an
9361 ** SQLite error code is returned.
9362 **
9363 ** The following functions can be used to advance and query a changeset
9364 ** iterator created by this function:
9365 **
9366 ** <ul>
9367 **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_next()]
9368 **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_op()]
9369 **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_new()]
9370 **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_old()]
9371 ** </ul>
9372 **
9373 ** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually destroy the iterator
9374 ** by passing it to [sqlite3changeset_finalize()]. The buffer containing the
9375 ** changeset (pChangeset) must remain valid until after the iterator is
9376 ** destroyed.
9377 **
9378 ** Assuming the changeset blob was created by one of the
9379 ** [sqlite3session_changeset()], [sqlite3changeset_concat()] or
9380 ** [sqlite3changeset_invert()] functions, all changes within the changeset
9381 ** that apply to a single table are grouped together. This means that when
9382 ** an application iterates through a changeset using an iterator created by
9383 ** this function, all changes that relate to a single table are visited
9384 ** consecutively. There is no chance that the iterator will visit a change
9385 ** the applies to table X, then one for table Y, and then later on visit
9386 ** another change for table X.
9387 */
9388 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start(
9389   sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,    /* OUT: New changeset iterator handle */
9390   int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset blob in bytes */
9391   void *pChangeset                /* Pointer to blob containing changeset */
9392 );
9393 
9394 
9395 /*
9396 ** CAPI3REF: Advance A Changeset Iterator
9397 **
9398 ** This function may only be used with iterators created by function
9399 ** [sqlite3changeset_start()]. If it is called on an iterator passed to
9400 ** a conflict-handler callback by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], SQLITE_MISUSE
9401 ** is returned and the call has no effect.
9402 **
9403 ** Immediately after an iterator is created by sqlite3changeset_start(), it
9404 ** does not point to any change in the changeset. Assuming the changeset
9405 ** is not empty, the first call to this function advances the iterator to
9406 ** point to the first change in the changeset. Each subsequent call advances
9407 ** the iterator to point to the next change in the changeset (if any). If
9408 ** no error occurs and the iterator points to a valid change after a call
9409 ** to sqlite3changeset_next() has advanced it, SQLITE_ROW is returned.
9410 ** Otherwise, if all changes in the changeset have already been visited,
9411 ** SQLITE_DONE is returned.
9412 **
9413 ** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned. Possible error
9414 ** codes include SQLITE_CORRUPT (if the changeset buffer is corrupt) or
9415 ** SQLITE_NOMEM.
9416 */
9417 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_next(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);
9418 
9419 /*
9420 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain The Current Operation From A Changeset Iterator
9421 **
9422 ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
9423 ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
9424 ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
9425 ** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned [SQLITE_ROW]. If this
9426 ** is not the case, this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE].
9427 **
9428 ** If argument pzTab is not NULL, then *pzTab is set to point to a
9429 ** nul-terminated utf-8 encoded string containing the name of the table
9430 ** affected by the current change. The buffer remains valid until either
9431 ** sqlite3changeset_next() is called on the iterator or until the
9432 ** conflict-handler function returns. If pnCol is not NULL, then *pnCol is
9433 ** set to the number of columns in the table affected by the change. If
9434 ** pbIncorrect is not NULL, then *pbIndirect is set to true (1) if the change
9435 ** is an indirect change, or false (0) otherwise. See the documentation for
9436 ** [sqlite3session_indirect()] for a description of direct and indirect
9437 ** changes. Finally, if pOp is not NULL, then *pOp is set to one of
9438 ** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the
9439 ** type of change that the iterator currently points to.
9440 **
9441 ** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error does occur, an
9442 ** SQLite error code is returned. The values of the output variables may not
9443 ** be trusted in this case.
9444 */
9445 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_op(
9446   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Iterator object */
9447   const char **pzTab,             /* OUT: Pointer to table name */
9448   int *pnCol,                     /* OUT: Number of columns in table */
9449   int *pOp,                       /* OUT: SQLITE_INSERT, DELETE or UPDATE */
9450   int *pbIndirect                 /* OUT: True for an 'indirect' change */
9451 );
9452 
9453 /*
9454 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain The Primary Key Definition Of A Table
9455 **
9456 ** For each modified table, a changeset includes the following:
9457 **
9458 ** <ul>
9459 **   <li> The number of columns in the table, and
9460 **   <li> Which of those columns make up the tables PRIMARY KEY.
9461 ** </ul>
9462 **
9463 ** This function is used to find which columns comprise the PRIMARY KEY of
9464 ** the table modified by the change that iterator pIter currently points to.
9465 ** If successful, *pabPK is set to point to an array of nCol entries, where
9466 ** nCol is the number of columns in the table. Elements of *pabPK are set to
9467 ** 0x01 if the corresponding column is part of the tables primary key, or
9468 ** 0x00 if it is not.
9469 **
9470 ** If argument pnCol is not NULL, then *pnCol is set to the number of columns
9471 ** in the table.
9472 **
9473 ** If this function is called when the iterator does not point to a valid
9474 ** entry, SQLITE_MISUSE is returned and the output variables zeroed. Otherwise,
9475 ** SQLITE_OK is returned and the output variables populated as described
9476 ** above.
9477 */
9478 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_pk(
9479   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Iterator object */
9480   unsigned char **pabPK,          /* OUT: Array of boolean - true for PK cols */
9481   int *pnCol                      /* OUT: Number of entries in output array */
9482 );
9483 
9484 /*
9485 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain old.* Values From A Changeset Iterator
9486 **
9487 ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
9488 ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
9489 ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
9490 ** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW.
9491 ** Furthermore, it may only be called if the type of change that the iterator
9492 ** currently points to is either [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE]. Otherwise,
9493 ** this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE] and sets *ppValue to NULL.
9494 **
9495 ** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
9496 ** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
9497 ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
9498 **
9499 ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
9500 ** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of
9501 ** original row values stored as part of the UPDATE or DELETE change and
9502 ** returns SQLITE_OK. The name of the function comes from the fact that this
9503 ** is similar to the "old.*" columns available to update or delete triggers.
9504 **
9505 ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
9506 ** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
9507 */
9508 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_old(
9509   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
9510   int iVal,                       /* Column number */
9511   sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: Old value (or NULL pointer) */
9512 );
9513 
9514 /*
9515 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain new.* Values From A Changeset Iterator
9516 **
9517 ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
9518 ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
9519 ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
9520 ** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW.
9521 ** Furthermore, it may only be called if the type of change that the iterator
9522 ** currently points to is either [SQLITE_UPDATE] or [SQLITE_INSERT]. Otherwise,
9523 ** this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE] and sets *ppValue to NULL.
9524 **
9525 ** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
9526 ** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
9527 ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
9528 **
9529 ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
9530 ** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of
9531 ** new row values stored as part of the UPDATE or INSERT change and
9532 ** returns SQLITE_OK. If the change is an UPDATE and does not include
9533 ** a new value for the requested column, *ppValue is set to NULL and
9534 ** SQLITE_OK returned. The name of the function comes from the fact that
9535 ** this is similar to the "new.*" columns available to update or delete
9536 ** triggers.
9537 **
9538 ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
9539 ** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
9540 */
9541 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_new(
9542   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
9543   int iVal,                       /* Column number */
9544   sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: New value (or NULL pointer) */
9545 );
9546 
9547 /*
9548 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Conflicting Row Values From A Changeset Iterator
9549 **
9550 ** This function should only be used with iterator objects passed to a
9551 ** conflict-handler callback by [sqlite3changeset_apply()] with either
9552 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] or [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT]. If this function
9553 ** is called on any other iterator, [SQLITE_MISUSE] is returned and *ppValue
9554 ** is set to NULL.
9555 **
9556 ** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
9557 ** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
9558 ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
9559 **
9560 ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
9561 ** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the
9562 ** "conflicting row" associated with the current conflict-handler callback
9563 ** and returns SQLITE_OK.
9564 **
9565 ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
9566 ** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
9567 */
9568 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_conflict(
9569   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
9570   int iVal,                       /* Column number */
9571   sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: Value from conflicting row */
9572 );
9573 
9574 /*
9575 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Number Of Foreign Key Constraint Violations
9576 **
9577 ** This function may only be called with an iterator passed to an
9578 ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY conflict handler callback. In this case
9579 ** it sets the output variable to the total number of known foreign key
9580 ** violations in the destination database and returns SQLITE_OK.
9581 **
9582 ** In all other cases this function returns SQLITE_MISUSE.
9583 */
9584 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts(
9585   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
9586   int *pnOut                      /* OUT: Number of FK violations */
9587 );
9588 
9589 
9590 /*
9591 ** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Changeset Iterator
9592 **
9593 ** This function is used to finalize an iterator allocated with
9594 ** [sqlite3changeset_start()].
9595 **
9596 ** This function should only be called on iterators created using the
9597 ** [sqlite3changeset_start()] function. If an application calls this
9598 ** function with an iterator passed to a conflict-handler by
9599 ** [sqlite3changeset_apply()], [SQLITE_MISUSE] is immediately returned and the
9600 ** call has no effect.
9601 **
9602 ** If an error was encountered within a call to an sqlite3changeset_xxx()
9603 ** function (for example an [SQLITE_CORRUPT] in [sqlite3changeset_next()] or an
9604 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM] in [sqlite3changeset_new()]) then an error code corresponding
9605 ** to that error is returned by this function. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK is
9606 ** returned. This is to allow the following pattern (pseudo-code):
9607 **
9608 **   sqlite3changeset_start();
9609 **   while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3changeset_next() ){
9610 **     // Do something with change.
9611 **   }
9612 **   rc = sqlite3changeset_finalize();
9613 **   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
9614 **     // An error has occurred
9615 **   }
9616 */
9617 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_finalize(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);
9618 
9619 /*
9620 ** CAPI3REF: Invert A Changeset
9621 **
9622 ** This function is used to "invert" a changeset object. Applying an inverted
9623 ** changeset to a database reverses the effects of applying the uninverted
9624 ** changeset. Specifically:
9625 **
9626 ** <ul>
9627 **   <li> Each DELETE change is changed to an INSERT, and
9628 **   <li> Each INSERT change is changed to a DELETE, and
9629 **   <li> For each UPDATE change, the old.* and new.* values are exchanged.
9630 ** </ul>
9631 **
9632 ** This function does not change the order in which changes appear within
9633 ** the changeset. It merely reverses the sense of each individual change.
9634 **
9635 ** If successful, a pointer to a buffer containing the inverted changeset
9636 ** is stored in *ppOut, the size of the same buffer is stored in *pnOut, and
9637 ** SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error occurs, both *pnOut and *ppOut are
9638 ** zeroed and an SQLite error code returned.
9639 **
9640 ** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually call sqlite3_free()
9641 ** on the *ppOut pointer to free the buffer allocation following a successful
9642 ** call to this function.
9643 **
9644 ** WARNING/TODO: This function currently assumes that the input is a valid
9645 ** changeset. If it is not, the results are undefined.
9646 */
9647 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_invert(
9648   int nIn, const void *pIn,       /* Input changeset */
9649   int *pnOut, void **ppOut        /* OUT: Inverse of input */
9650 );
9651 
9652 /*
9653 ** CAPI3REF: Concatenate Two Changeset Objects
9654 **
9655 ** This function is used to concatenate two changesets, A and B, into a
9656 ** single changeset. The result is a changeset equivalent to applying
9657 ** changeset A followed by changeset B.
9658 **
9659 ** This function combines the two input changesets using an
9660 ** sqlite3_changegroup object. Calling it produces similar results as the
9661 ** following code fragment:
9662 **
9663 **   sqlite3_changegroup *pGrp;
9664 **   rc = sqlite3_changegroup_new(&pGrp);
9665 **   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3changegroup_add(pGrp, nA, pA);
9666 **   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3changegroup_add(pGrp, nB, pB);
9667 **   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
9668 **     rc = sqlite3changegroup_output(pGrp, pnOut, ppOut);
9669 **   }else{
9670 **     *ppOut = 0;
9671 **     *pnOut = 0;
9672 **   }
9673 **
9674 ** Refer to the sqlite3_changegroup documentation below for details.
9675 */
9676 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_concat(
9677   int nA,                         /* Number of bytes in buffer pA */
9678   void *pA,                       /* Pointer to buffer containing changeset A */
9679   int nB,                         /* Number of bytes in buffer pB */
9680   void *pB,                       /* Pointer to buffer containing changeset B */
9681   int *pnOut,                     /* OUT: Number of bytes in output changeset */
9682   void **ppOut                    /* OUT: Buffer containing output changeset */
9683 );
9684 
9685 
9686 /*
9687 ** CAPI3REF: Changegroup Handle
9688 */
9689 typedef struct sqlite3_changegroup sqlite3_changegroup;
9690 
9691 /*
9692 ** CAPI3REF: Create A New Changegroup Object
9693 **
9694 ** An sqlite3_changegroup object is used to combine two or more changesets
9695 ** (or patchsets) into a single changeset (or patchset). A single changegroup
9696 ** object may combine changesets or patchsets, but not both. The output is
9697 ** always in the same format as the input.
9698 **
9699 ** If successful, this function returns SQLITE_OK and populates (*pp) with
9700 ** a pointer to a new sqlite3_changegroup object before returning. The caller
9701 ** should eventually free the returned object using a call to
9702 ** sqlite3changegroup_delete(). If an error occurs, an SQLite error code
9703 ** (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned and *pp is set to NULL.
9704 **
9705 ** The usual usage pattern for an sqlite3_changegroup object is as follows:
9706 **
9707 ** <ul>
9708 **   <li> It is created using a call to sqlite3changegroup_new().
9709 **
9710 **   <li> Zero or more changesets (or patchsets) are added to the object
9711 **        by calling sqlite3changegroup_add().
9712 **
9713 **   <li> The result of combining all input changesets together is obtained
9714 **        by the application via a call to sqlite3changegroup_output().
9715 **
9716 **   <li> The object is deleted using a call to sqlite3changegroup_delete().
9717 ** </ul>
9718 **
9719 ** Any number of calls to add() and output() may be made between the calls to
9720 ** new() and delete(), and in any order.
9721 **
9722 ** As well as the regular sqlite3changegroup_add() and
9723 ** sqlite3changegroup_output() functions, also available are the streaming
9724 ** versions sqlite3changegroup_add_strm() and sqlite3changegroup_output_strm().
9725 */
9726 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_new(sqlite3_changegroup **pp);
9727 
9728 /*
9729 ** CAPI3REF: Add A Changeset To A Changegroup
9730 **
9731 ** Add all changes within the changeset (or patchset) in buffer pData (size
9732 ** nData bytes) to the changegroup.
9733 **
9734 ** If the buffer contains a patchset, then all prior calls to this function
9735 ** on the same changegroup object must also have specified patchsets. Or, if
9736 ** the buffer contains a changeset, so must have the earlier calls to this
9737 ** function. Otherwise, SQLITE_ERROR is returned and no changes are added
9738 ** to the changegroup.
9739 **
9740 ** Rows within the changeset and changegroup are identified by the values in
9741 ** their PRIMARY KEY columns. A change in the changeset is considered to
9742 ** apply to the same row as a change already present in the changegroup if
9743 ** the two rows have the same primary key.
9744 **
9745 ** Changes to rows that do not already appear in the changegroup are
9746 ** simply copied into it. Or, if both the new changeset and the changegroup
9747 ** contain changes that apply to a single row, the final contents of the
9748 ** changegroup depends on the type of each change, as follows:
9749 **
9750 ** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">
9751 **   <tr><th style="white-space:pre">Existing Change  </th>
9752 **       <th style="white-space:pre">New Change       </th>
9753 **       <th>Output Change
9754 **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>INSERT <td>
9755 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
9756 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
9757 **       added to the changegroup.
9758 **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>UPDATE <td>
9759 **       The INSERT change remains in the changegroup. The values in the
9760 **       INSERT change are modified as if the row was inserted by the
9761 **       existing change and then updated according to the new change.
9762 **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>DELETE <td>
9763 **       The existing INSERT is removed from the changegroup. The DELETE is
9764 **       not added.
9765 **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>INSERT <td>
9766 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
9767 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
9768 **       added to the changegroup.
9769 **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>UPDATE <td>
9770 **       The existing UPDATE remains within the changegroup. It is amended
9771 **       so that the accompanying values are as if the row was updated once
9772 **       by the existing change and then again by the new change.
9773 **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>DELETE <td>
9774 **       The existing UPDATE is replaced by the new DELETE within the
9775 **       changegroup.
9776 **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>INSERT <td>
9777 **       If one or more of the column values in the row inserted by the
9778 **       new change differ from those in the row deleted by the existing
9779 **       change, the existing DELETE is replaced by an UPDATE within the
9780 **       changegroup. Otherwise, if the inserted row is exactly the same
9781 **       as the deleted row, the existing DELETE is simply discarded.
9782 **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>UPDATE <td>
9783 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
9784 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
9785 **       added to the changegroup.
9786 **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>DELETE <td>
9787 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
9788 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
9789 **       added to the changegroup.
9790 ** </table>
9791 **
9792 ** If the new changeset contains changes to a table that is already present
9793 ** in the changegroup, then the number of columns and the position of the
9794 ** primary key columns for the table must be consistent. If this is not the
9795 ** case, this function fails with SQLITE_SCHEMA. If the input changeset
9796 ** appears to be corrupt and the corruption is detected, SQLITE_CORRUPT is
9797 ** returned. Or, if an out-of-memory condition occurs during processing, this
9798 ** function returns SQLITE_NOMEM. In all cases, if an error occurs the
9799 ** final contents of the changegroup is undefined.
9800 **
9801 ** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned.
9802 */
9803 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add(sqlite3_changegroup*, int nData, void *pData);
9804 
9805 /*
9806 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain A Composite Changeset From A Changegroup
9807 **
9808 ** Obtain a buffer containing a changeset (or patchset) representing the
9809 ** current contents of the changegroup. If the inputs to the changegroup
9810 ** were themselves changesets, the output is a changeset. Or, if the
9811 ** inputs were patchsets, the output is also a patchset.
9812 **
9813 ** As with the output of the sqlite3session_changeset() and
9814 ** sqlite3session_patchset() functions, all changes related to a single
9815 ** table are grouped together in the output of this function. Tables appear
9816 ** in the same order as for the very first changeset added to the changegroup.
9817 ** If the second or subsequent changesets added to the changegroup contain
9818 ** changes for tables that do not appear in the first changeset, they are
9819 ** appended onto the end of the output changeset, again in the order in
9820 ** which they are first encountered.
9821 **
9822 ** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the output
9823 ** variables (*pnData) and (*ppData) are set to 0. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK
9824 ** is returned and the output variables are set to the size of and a
9825 ** pointer to the output buffer, respectively. In this case it is the
9826 ** responsibility of the caller to eventually free the buffer using a
9827 ** call to sqlite3_free().
9828 */
9829 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_output(
9830   sqlite3_changegroup*,
9831   int *pnData,                    /* OUT: Size of output buffer in bytes */
9832   void **ppData                   /* OUT: Pointer to output buffer */
9833 );
9834 
9835 /*
9836 ** CAPI3REF: Delete A Changegroup Object
9837 */
9838 SQLITE_API void sqlite3changegroup_delete(sqlite3_changegroup*);
9839 
9840 /*
9841 ** CAPI3REF: Apply A Changeset To A Database
9842 **
9843 ** Apply a changeset to a database. This function attempts to update the
9844 ** "main" database attached to handle db with the changes found in the
9845 ** changeset passed via the second and third arguments.
9846 **
9847 ** The fourth argument (xFilter) passed to this function is the "filter
9848 ** callback". If it is not NULL, then for each table affected by at least one
9849 ** change in the changeset, the filter callback is invoked with
9850 ** the table name as the second argument, and a copy of the context pointer
9851 ** passed as the sixth argument to this function as the first. If the "filter
9852 ** callback" returns zero, then no attempt is made to apply any changes to
9853 ** the table. Otherwise, if the return value is non-zero or the xFilter
9854 ** argument to this function is NULL, all changes related to the table are
9855 ** attempted.
9856 **
9857 ** For each table that is not excluded by the filter callback, this function
9858 ** tests that the target database contains a compatible table. A table is
9859 ** considered compatible if all of the following are true:
9860 **
9861 ** <ul>
9862 **   <li> The table has the same name as the name recorded in the
9863 **        changeset, and
9864 **   <li> The table has at least as many columns as recorded in the
9865 **        changeset, and
9866 **   <li> The table has primary key columns in the same position as
9867 **        recorded in the changeset.
9868 ** </ul>
9869 **
9870 ** If there is no compatible table, it is not an error, but none of the
9871 ** changes associated with the table are applied. A warning message is issued
9872 ** via the sqlite3_log() mechanism with the error code SQLITE_SCHEMA. At most
9873 ** one such warning is issued for each table in the changeset.
9874 **
9875 ** For each change for which there is a compatible table, an attempt is made
9876 ** to modify the table contents according to the UPDATE, INSERT or DELETE
9877 ** change. If a change cannot be applied cleanly, the conflict handler
9878 ** function passed as the fifth argument to sqlite3changeset_apply() may be
9879 ** invoked. A description of exactly when the conflict handler is invoked for
9880 ** each type of change is below.
9881 **
9882 ** Unlike the xFilter argument, xConflict may not be passed NULL. The results
9883 ** of passing anything other than a valid function pointer as the xConflict
9884 ** argument are undefined.
9885 **
9886 ** Each time the conflict handler function is invoked, it must return one
9887 ** of [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT], [SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT] or
9888 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE]. SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE may only be returned
9889 ** if the second argument passed to the conflict handler is either
9890 ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If the conflict-handler
9891 ** returns an illegal value, any changes already made are rolled back and
9892 ** the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE. Different
9893 ** actions are taken by sqlite3changeset_apply() depending on the value
9894 ** returned by each invocation of the conflict-handler function. Refer to
9895 ** the documentation for the three
9896 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT|available return values] for details.
9897 **
9898 ** <dl>
9899 ** <dt>DELETE Changes<dd>
9900 **   For each DELETE change, this function checks if the target database
9901 **   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the
9902 **   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values
9903 **   stored in all non-primary key columns also match the values stored in
9904 **   the changeset the row is deleted from the target database.
9905 **
9906 **   If a row with matching primary key values is found, but one or more of
9907 **   the non-primary key fields contains a value different from the original
9908 **   row value stored in the changeset, the conflict-handler function is
9909 **   invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] as the second argument. If the
9910 **   database table has more columns than are recorded in the changeset,
9911 **   only the values of those non-primary key fields are compared against
9912 **   the current database contents - any trailing database table columns
9913 **   are ignored.
9914 **
9915 **   If no row with matching primary key values is found in the database,
9916 **   the conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND]
9917 **   passed as the second argument.
9918 **
9919 **   If the DELETE operation is attempted, but SQLite returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT
9920 **   (which can only happen if a foreign key constraint is violated), the
9921 **   conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT]
9922 **   passed as the second argument. This includes the case where the DELETE
9923 **   operation is attempted because an earlier call to the conflict handler
9924 **   function returned [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
9925 **
9926 ** <dt>INSERT Changes<dd>
9927 **   For each INSERT change, an attempt is made to insert the new row into
9928 **   the database. If the changeset row contains fewer fields than the
9929 **   database table, the trailing fields are populated with their default
9930 **   values.
9931 **
9932 **   If the attempt to insert the row fails because the database already
9933 **   contains a row with the same primary key values, the conflict handler
9934 **   function is invoked with the second argument set to
9935 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT].
9936 **
9937 **   If the attempt to insert the row fails because of some other constraint
9938 **   violation (e.g. NOT NULL or UNIQUE), the conflict handler function is
9939 **   invoked with the second argument set to [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT].
9940 **   This includes the case where the INSERT operation is re-attempted because
9941 **   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned
9942 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
9943 **
9944 ** <dt>UPDATE Changes<dd>
9945 **   For each UPDATE change, this function checks if the target database
9946 **   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the
9947 **   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values
9948 **   stored in all modified non-primary key columns also match the values
9949 **   stored in the changeset the row is updated within the target database.
9950 **
9951 **   If a row with matching primary key values is found, but one or more of
9952 **   the modified non-primary key fields contains a value different from an
9953 **   original row value stored in the changeset, the conflict-handler function
9954 **   is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] as the second argument. Since
9955 **   UPDATE changes only contain values for non-primary key fields that are
9956 **   to be modified, only those fields need to match the original values to
9957 **   avoid the SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflict-handler callback.
9958 **
9959 **   If no row with matching primary key values is found in the database,
9960 **   the conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND]
9961 **   passed as the second argument.
9962 **
9963 **   If the UPDATE operation is attempted, but SQLite returns
9964 **   SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the conflict-handler function is invoked with
9965 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT] passed as the second argument.
9966 **   This includes the case where the UPDATE operation is attempted after
9967 **   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned
9968 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
9969 ** </dl>
9970 **
9971 ** It is safe to execute SQL statements, including those that write to the
9972 ** table that the callback related to, from within the xConflict callback.
9973 ** This can be used to further customize the applications conflict
9974 ** resolution strategy.
9975 **
9976 ** All changes made by this function are enclosed in a savepoint transaction.
9977 ** If any other error (aside from a constraint failure when attempting to
9978 ** write to the target database) occurs, then the savepoint transaction is
9979 ** rolled back, restoring the target database to its original state, and an
9980 ** SQLite error code returned.
9981 */
9982 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply(
9983   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
9984   int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset in bytes */
9985   void *pChangeset,               /* Changeset blob */
9986   int(*xFilter)(
9987     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
9988     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
9989   ),
9990   int(*xConflict)(
9991     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
9992     int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
9993     sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
9994   ),
9995   void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xConflict */
9996 );
9997 
9998 /*
9999 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Passed To The Conflict Handler
10000 **
10001 ** Values that may be passed as the second argument to a conflict-handler.
10002 **
10003 ** <dl>
10004 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA<dd>
10005 **   The conflict handler is invoked with CHANGESET_DATA as the second argument
10006 **   when processing a DELETE or UPDATE change if a row with the required
10007 **   PRIMARY KEY fields is present in the database, but one or more other
10008 **   (non primary-key) fields modified by the update do not contain the
10009 **   expected "before" values.
10010 **
10011 **   The conflicting row, in this case, is the database row with the matching
10012 **   primary key.
10013 **
10014 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND<dd>
10015 **   The conflict handler is invoked with CHANGESET_NOTFOUND as the second
10016 **   argument when processing a DELETE or UPDATE change if a row with the
10017 **   required PRIMARY KEY fields is not present in the database.
10018 **
10019 **   There is no conflicting row in this case. The results of invoking the
10020 **   sqlite3changeset_conflict() API are undefined.
10021 **
10022 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT<dd>
10023 **   CHANGESET_CONFLICT is passed as the second argument to the conflict
10024 **   handler while processing an INSERT change if the operation would result
10025 **   in duplicate primary key values.
10026 **
10027 **   The conflicting row in this case is the database row with the matching
10028 **   primary key.
10029 **
10030 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY<dd>
10031 **   If foreign key handling is enabled, and applying a changeset leaves the
10032 **   database in a state containing foreign key violations, the conflict
10033 **   handler is invoked with CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY as the second argument
10034 **   exactly once before the changeset is committed. If the conflict handler
10035 **   returns CHANGESET_OMIT, the changes, including those that caused the
10036 **   foreign key constraint violation, are committed. Or, if it returns
10037 **   CHANGESET_ABORT, the changeset is rolled back.
10038 **
10039 **   No current or conflicting row information is provided. The only function
10040 **   it is possible to call on the supplied sqlite3_changeset_iter handle
10041 **   is sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts().
10042 **
10043 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT<dd>
10044 **   If any other constraint violation occurs while applying a change (i.e.
10045 **   a UNIQUE, CHECK or NOT NULL constraint), the conflict handler is
10046 **   invoked with CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT as the second argument.
10047 **
10048 **   There is no conflicting row in this case. The results of invoking the
10049 **   sqlite3changeset_conflict() API are undefined.
10050 **
10051 ** </dl>
10052 */
10053 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA        1
10054 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND    2
10055 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT    3
10056 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT  4
10057 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY 5
10058 
10059 /*
10060 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Returned By The Conflict Handler
10061 **
10062 ** A conflict handler callback must return one of the following three values.
10063 **
10064 ** <dl>
10065 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT<dd>
10066 **   If a conflict handler returns this value no special action is taken. The
10067 **   change that caused the conflict is not applied. The session module
10068 **   continues to the next change in the changeset.
10069 **
10070 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE<dd>
10071 **   This value may only be returned if the second argument to the conflict
10072 **   handler was SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If this
10073 **   is not the case, any changes applied so far are rolled back and the
10074 **   call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE.
10075 **
10076 **   If CHANGESET_REPLACE is returned by an SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflict
10077 **   handler, then the conflicting row is either updated or deleted, depending
10078 **   on the type of change.
10079 **
10080 **   If CHANGESET_REPLACE is returned by an SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT conflict
10081 **   handler, then the conflicting row is removed from the database and a
10082 **   second attempt to apply the change is made. If this second attempt fails,
10083 **   the original row is restored to the database before continuing.
10084 **
10085 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT<dd>
10086 **   If this value is returned, any changes applied so far are rolled back
10087 **   and the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_ABORT.
10088 ** </dl>
10089 */
10090 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT       0
10091 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE    1
10092 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT      2
10093 
10094 /*
10095 ** CAPI3REF: Streaming Versions of API functions.
10096 **
10097 ** The six streaming API xxx_strm() functions serve similar purposes to the
10098 ** corresponding non-streaming API functions:
10099 **
10100 ** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">
10101 **   <tr><th>Streaming function<th>Non-streaming equivalent</th>
10102 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply]
10103 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_concat_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_concat]
10104 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_invert_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_invert]
10105 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_start_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_start]
10106 **   <tr><td>sqlite3session_changeset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_changeset]
10107 **   <tr><td>sqlite3session_patchset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_patchset]
10108 ** </table>
10109 **
10110 ** Non-streaming functions that accept changesets (or patchsets) as input
10111 ** require that the entire changeset be stored in a single buffer in memory.
10112 ** Similarly, those that return a changeset or patchset do so by returning
10113 ** a pointer to a single large buffer allocated using sqlite3_malloc().
10114 ** Normally this is convenient. However, if an application running in a
10115 ** low-memory environment is required to handle very large changesets, the
10116 ** large contiguous memory allocations required can become onerous.
10117 **
10118 ** In order to avoid this problem, instead of a single large buffer, input
10119 ** is passed to a streaming API functions by way of a callback function that
10120 ** the sessions module invokes to incrementally request input data as it is
10121 ** required. In all cases, a pair of API function parameters such as
10122 **
10123 **  <pre>
10124 **  &nbsp;     int nChangeset,
10125 **  &nbsp;     void *pChangeset,
10126 **  </pre>
10127 **
10128 ** Is replaced by:
10129 **
10130 **  <pre>
10131 **  &nbsp;     int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
10132 **  &nbsp;     void *pIn,
10133 **  </pre>
10134 **
10135 ** Each time the xInput callback is invoked by the sessions module, the first
10136 ** argument passed is a copy of the supplied pIn context pointer. The second
10137 ** argument, pData, points to a buffer (*pnData) bytes in size. Assuming no
10138 ** error occurs the xInput method should copy up to (*pnData) bytes of data
10139 ** into the buffer and set (*pnData) to the actual number of bytes copied
10140 ** before returning SQLITE_OK. If the input is completely exhausted, (*pnData)
10141 ** should be set to zero to indicate this. Or, if an error occurs, an SQLite
10142 ** error code should be returned. In all cases, if an xInput callback returns
10143 ** an error, all processing is abandoned and the streaming API function
10144 ** returns a copy of the error code to the caller.
10145 **
10146 ** In the case of sqlite3changeset_start_strm(), the xInput callback may be
10147 ** invoked by the sessions module at any point during the lifetime of the
10148 ** iterator. If such an xInput callback returns an error, the iterator enters
10149 ** an error state, whereby all subsequent calls to iterator functions
10150 ** immediately fail with the same error code as returned by xInput.
10151 **
10152 ** Similarly, streaming API functions that return changesets (or patchsets)
10153 ** return them in chunks by way of a callback function instead of via a
10154 ** pointer to a single large buffer. In this case, a pair of parameters such
10155 ** as:
10156 **
10157 **  <pre>
10158 **  &nbsp;     int *pnChangeset,
10159 **  &nbsp;     void **ppChangeset,
10160 **  </pre>
10161 **
10162 ** Is replaced by:
10163 **
10164 **  <pre>
10165 **  &nbsp;     int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
10166 **  &nbsp;     void *pOut
10167 **  </pre>
10168 **
10169 ** The xOutput callback is invoked zero or more times to return data to
10170 ** the application. The first parameter passed to each call is a copy of the
10171 ** pOut pointer supplied by the application. The second parameter, pData,
10172 ** points to a buffer nData bytes in size containing the chunk of output
10173 ** data being returned. If the xOutput callback successfully processes the
10174 ** supplied data, it should return SQLITE_OK to indicate success. Otherwise,
10175 ** it should return some other SQLite error code. In this case processing
10176 ** is immediately abandoned and the streaming API function returns a copy
10177 ** of the xOutput error code to the application.
10178 **
10179 ** The sessions module never invokes an xOutput callback with the third
10180 ** parameter set to a value less than or equal to zero. Other than this,
10181 ** no guarantees are made as to the size of the chunks of data returned.
10182 */
10183 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_strm(
10184   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
10185   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData), /* Input function */
10186   void *pIn,                                          /* First arg for xInput */
10187   int(*xFilter)(
10188     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
10189     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
10190   ),
10191   int(*xConflict)(
10192     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
10193     int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
10194     sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
10195   ),
10196   void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xConflict */
10197 );
10198 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_concat_strm(
10199   int (*xInputA)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
10200   void *pInA,
10201   int (*xInputB)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
10202   void *pInB,
10203   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
10204   void *pOut
10205 );
10206 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_invert_strm(
10207   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
10208   void *pIn,
10209   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
10210   void *pOut
10211 );
10212 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start_strm(
10213   sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,
10214   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
10215   void *pIn
10216 );
10217 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_changeset_strm(
10218   sqlite3_session *pSession,
10219   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
10220   void *pOut
10221 );
10222 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_patchset_strm(
10223   sqlite3_session *pSession,
10224   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
10225   void *pOut
10226 );
10227 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*,
10228     int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
10229     void *pIn
10230 );
10231 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_output_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*,
10232     int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
10233     void *pOut
10234 );
10235 
10236 
10237 /*
10238 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
10239 */
10240 #ifdef __cplusplus
10241 }
10242 #endif
10243 
10244 #endif  /* !defined(__SQLITESESSION_H_) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION) */
10245 
10246 /******** End of sqlite3session.h *********/
10247 /******** Begin file fts5.h *********/
10248 /*
10249 ** 2014 May 31
10250 **
10251 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
10252 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
10253 **
10254 **    May you do good and not evil.
10255 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
10256 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10257 **
10258 ******************************************************************************
10259 **
10260 ** Interfaces to extend FTS5. Using the interfaces defined in this file,
10261 ** FTS5 may be extended with:
10262 **
10263 **     * custom tokenizers, and
10264 **     * custom auxiliary functions.
10265 */
10266 
10267 
10268 #ifndef _FTS5_H
10269 #define _FTS5_H
10270 
10271 
10272 #ifdef __cplusplus
10273 extern "C" {
10274 #endif
10275 
10276 /*************************************************************************
10277 ** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
10278 **
10279 ** Virtual table implementations may overload SQL functions by implementing
10280 ** the sqlite3_module.xFindFunction() method.
10281 */
10282 
10283 typedef struct Fts5ExtensionApi Fts5ExtensionApi;
10284 typedef struct Fts5Context Fts5Context;
10285 typedef struct Fts5PhraseIter Fts5PhraseIter;
10286 
10287 typedef void (*fts5_extension_function)(
10288   const Fts5ExtensionApi *pApi,   /* API offered by current FTS version */
10289   Fts5Context *pFts,              /* First arg to pass to pApi functions */
10290   sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Context for returning result/error */
10291   int nVal,                       /* Number of values in apVal[] array */
10292   sqlite3_value **apVal           /* Array of trailing arguments */
10293 );
10294 
10295 struct Fts5PhraseIter {
10296   const unsigned char *a;
10297   const unsigned char *b;
10298 };
10299 
10300 /*
10301 ** EXTENSION API FUNCTIONS
10302 **
10303 ** xUserData(pFts):
10304 **   Return a copy of the context pointer the extension function was
10305 **   registered with.
10306 **
10307 ** xColumnTotalSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
10308 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
10309 **   to the total number of tokens in the FTS5 table. Or, if iCol is
10310 **   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, return
10311 **   the total number of tokens in column iCol, considering all rows in
10312 **   the FTS5 table.
10313 **
10314 **   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
10315 **   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
10316 **   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is
10317 **   returned.
10318 **
10319 ** xColumnCount(pFts):
10320 **   Return the number of columns in the table.
10321 **
10322 ** xColumnSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
10323 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
10324 **   to the total number of tokens in the current row. Or, if iCol is
10325 **   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, set
10326 **   *pnToken to the number of tokens in column iCol of the current row.
10327 **
10328 **   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
10329 **   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
10330 **   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is
10331 **   returned.
10332 **
10333 **   This function may be quite inefficient if used with an FTS5 table
10334 **   created with the "columnsize=0" option.
10335 **
10336 ** xColumnText:
10337 **   This function attempts to retrieve the text of column iCol of the
10338 **   current document. If successful, (*pz) is set to point to a buffer
10339 **   containing the text in utf-8 encoding, (*pn) is set to the size in bytes
10340 **   (not characters) of the buffer and SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise,
10341 **   if an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the final values
10342 **   of (*pz) and (*pn) are undefined.
10343 **
10344 ** xPhraseCount:
10345 **   Returns the number of phrases in the current query expression.
10346 **
10347 ** xPhraseSize:
10348 **   Returns the number of tokens in phrase iPhrase of the query. Phrases
10349 **   are numbered starting from zero.
10350 **
10351 ** xInstCount:
10352 **   Set *pnInst to the total number of occurrences of all phrases within
10353 **   the query within the current row. Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or
10354 **   an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
10355 **
10356 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
10357 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created
10358 **   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option
10359 **   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always returns 0.
10360 **
10361 ** xInst:
10362 **   Query for the details of phrase match iIdx within the current row.
10363 **   Phrase matches are numbered starting from zero, so the iIdx argument
10364 **   should be greater than or equal to zero and smaller than the value
10365 **   output by xInstCount().
10366 **
10367 **   Usually, output parameter *piPhrase is set to the phrase number, *piCol
10368 **   to the column in which it occurs and *piOff the token offset of the
10369 **   first token of the phrase. The exception is if the table was created
10370 **   with the offsets=0 option specified. In this case *piOff is always
10371 **   set to -1.
10372 **
10373 **   Returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM)
10374 **   if an error occurs.
10375 **
10376 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
10377 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option.
10378 **
10379 ** xRowid:
10380 **   Returns the rowid of the current row.
10381 **
10382 ** xTokenize:
10383 **   Tokenize text using the tokenizer belonging to the FTS5 table.
10384 **
10385 ** xQueryPhrase(pFts5, iPhrase, pUserData, xCallback):
10386 **   This API function is used to query the FTS table for phrase iPhrase
10387 **   of the current query. Specifically, a query equivalent to:
10388 **
10389 **       ... FROM ftstable WHERE ftstable MATCH $p ORDER BY rowid
10390 **
10391 **   with $p set to a phrase equivalent to the phrase iPhrase of the
10392 **   current query is executed. Any column filter that applies to
10393 **   phrase iPhrase of the current query is included in $p. For each
10394 **   row visited, the callback function passed as the fourth argument
10395 **   is invoked. The context and API objects passed to the callback
10396 **   function may be used to access the properties of each matched row.
10397 **   Invoking Api.xUserData() returns a copy of the pointer passed as
10398 **   the third argument to pUserData.
10399 **
10400 **   If the callback function returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, the
10401 **   query is abandoned and the xQueryPhrase function returns immediately.
10402 **   If the returned value is SQLITE_DONE, xQueryPhrase returns SQLITE_OK.
10403 **   Otherwise, the error code is propagated upwards.
10404 **
10405 **   If the query runs to completion without incident, SQLITE_OK is returned.
10406 **   Or, if some error occurs before the query completes or is aborted by
10407 **   the callback, an SQLite error code is returned.
10408 **
10409 **
10410 ** xSetAuxdata(pFts5, pAux, xDelete)
10411 **
10412 **   Save the pointer passed as the second argument as the extension functions
10413 **   "auxiliary data". The pointer may then be retrieved by the current or any
10414 **   future invocation of the same fts5 extension function made as part of
10415 **   of the same MATCH query using the xGetAuxdata() API.
10416 **
10417 **   Each extension function is allocated a single auxiliary data slot for
10418 **   each FTS query (MATCH expression). If the extension function is invoked
10419 **   more than once for a single FTS query, then all invocations share a
10420 **   single auxiliary data context.
10421 **
10422 **   If there is already an auxiliary data pointer when this function is
10423 **   invoked, then it is replaced by the new pointer. If an xDelete callback
10424 **   was specified along with the original pointer, it is invoked at this
10425 **   point.
10426 **
10427 **   The xDelete callback, if one is specified, is also invoked on the
10428 **   auxiliary data pointer after the FTS5 query has finished.
10429 **
10430 **   If an error (e.g. an OOM condition) occurs within this function, an
10431 **   the auxiliary data is set to NULL and an error code returned. If the
10432 **   xDelete parameter was not NULL, it is invoked on the auxiliary data
10433 **   pointer before returning.
10434 **
10435 **
10436 ** xGetAuxdata(pFts5, bClear)
10437 **
10438 **   Returns the current auxiliary data pointer for the fts5 extension
10439 **   function. See the xSetAuxdata() method for details.
10440 **
10441 **   If the bClear argument is non-zero, then the auxiliary data is cleared
10442 **   (set to NULL) before this function returns. In this case the xDelete,
10443 **   if any, is not invoked.
10444 **
10445 **
10446 ** xRowCount(pFts5, pnRow)
10447 **
10448 **   This function is used to retrieve the total number of rows in the table.
10449 **   In other words, the same value that would be returned by:
10450 **
10451 **        SELECT count(*) FROM ftstable;
10452 **
10453 ** xPhraseFirst()
10454 **   This function is used, along with type Fts5PhraseIter and the xPhraseNext
10455 **   method, to iterate through all instances of a single query phrase within
10456 **   the current row. This is the same information as is accessible via the
10457 **   xInstCount/xInst APIs. While the xInstCount/xInst APIs are more convenient
10458 **   to use, this API may be faster under some circumstances. To iterate
10459 **   through instances of phrase iPhrase, use the following code:
10460 **
10461 **       Fts5PhraseIter iter;
10462 **       int iCol, iOff;
10463 **       for(pApi->xPhraseFirst(pFts, iPhrase, &iter, &iCol, &iOff);
10464 **           iCol>=0;
10465 **           pApi->xPhraseNext(pFts, &iter, &iCol, &iOff)
10466 **       ){
10467 **         // An instance of phrase iPhrase at offset iOff of column iCol
10468 **       }
10469 **
10470 **   The Fts5PhraseIter structure is defined above. Applications should not
10471 **   modify this structure directly - it should only be used as shown above
10472 **   with the xPhraseFirst() and xPhraseNext() API methods (and by
10473 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() and xPhraseNextColumn() as illustrated below).
10474 **
10475 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
10476 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created
10477 **   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option
10478 **   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always iterates
10479 **   through an empty set (all calls to xPhraseFirst() set iCol to -1).
10480 **
10481 ** xPhraseNext()
10482 **   See xPhraseFirst above.
10483 **
10484 ** xPhraseFirstColumn()
10485 **   This function and xPhraseNextColumn() are similar to the xPhraseFirst()
10486 **   and xPhraseNext() APIs described above. The difference is that instead
10487 **   of iterating through all instances of a phrase in the current row, these
10488 **   APIs are used to iterate through the set of columns in the current row
10489 **   that contain one or more instances of a specified phrase. For example:
10490 **
10491 **       Fts5PhraseIter iter;
10492 **       int iCol;
10493 **       for(pApi->xPhraseFirstColumn(pFts, iPhrase, &iter, &iCol);
10494 **           iCol>=0;
10495 **           pApi->xPhraseNextColumn(pFts, &iter, &iCol)
10496 **       ){
10497 **         // Column iCol contains at least one instance of phrase iPhrase
10498 **       }
10499 **
10500 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
10501 **   "detail=none" option. If the FTS5 table is created with either
10502 **   "detail=none" "content=" option (i.e. if it is a contentless table),
10503 **   then this API always iterates through an empty set (all calls to
10504 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() set iCol to -1).
10505 **
10506 **   The information accessed using this API and its companion
10507 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() may also be obtained using xPhraseFirst/xPhraseNext
10508 **   (or xInst/xInstCount). The chief advantage of this API is that it is
10509 **   significantly more efficient than those alternatives when used with
10510 **   "detail=column" tables.
10511 **
10512 ** xPhraseNextColumn()
10513 **   See xPhraseFirstColumn above.
10514 */
10515 struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
10516   int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 3 */
10517 
10518   void *(*xUserData)(Fts5Context*);
10519 
10520   int (*xColumnCount)(Fts5Context*);
10521   int (*xRowCount)(Fts5Context*, sqlite3_int64 *pnRow);
10522   int (*xColumnTotalSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, sqlite3_int64 *pnToken);
10523 
10524   int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Context*,
10525     const char *pText, int nText, /* Text to tokenize */
10526     void *pCtx,                   /* Context passed to xToken() */
10527     int (*xToken)(void*, int, const char*, int, int, int)       /* Callback */
10528   );
10529 
10530   int (*xPhraseCount)(Fts5Context*);
10531   int (*xPhraseSize)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase);
10532 
10533   int (*xInstCount)(Fts5Context*, int *pnInst);
10534   int (*xInst)(Fts5Context*, int iIdx, int *piPhrase, int *piCol, int *piOff);
10535 
10536   sqlite3_int64 (*xRowid)(Fts5Context*);
10537   int (*xColumnText)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, const char **pz, int *pn);
10538   int (*xColumnSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, int *pnToken);
10539 
10540   int (*xQueryPhrase)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, void *pUserData,
10541     int(*)(const Fts5ExtensionApi*,Fts5Context*,void*)
10542   );
10543   int (*xSetAuxdata)(Fts5Context*, void *pAux, void(*xDelete)(void*));
10544   void *(*xGetAuxdata)(Fts5Context*, int bClear);
10545 
10546   int (*xPhraseFirst)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*, int*);
10547   void (*xPhraseNext)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol, int *piOff);
10548 
10549   int (*xPhraseFirstColumn)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*);
10550   void (*xPhraseNextColumn)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol);
10551 };
10552 
10553 /*
10554 ** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
10555 *************************************************************************/
10556 
10557 /*************************************************************************
10558 ** CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
10559 **
10560 ** Applications may also register custom tokenizer types. A tokenizer
10561 ** is registered by providing fts5 with a populated instance of the
10562 ** following structure. All structure methods must be defined, setting
10563 ** any member of the fts5_tokenizer struct to NULL leads to undefined
10564 ** behaviour. The structure methods are expected to function as follows:
10565 **
10566 ** xCreate:
10567 **   This function is used to allocate and initialize a tokenizer instance.
10568 **   A tokenizer instance is required to actually tokenize text.
10569 **
10570 **   The first argument passed to this function is a copy of the (void*)
10571 **   pointer provided by the application when the fts5_tokenizer object
10572 **   was registered with FTS5 (the third argument to xCreateTokenizer()).
10573 **   The second and third arguments are an array of nul-terminated strings
10574 **   containing the tokenizer arguments, if any, specified following the
10575 **   tokenizer name as part of the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement used
10576 **   to create the FTS5 table.
10577 **
10578 **   The final argument is an output variable. If successful, (*ppOut)
10579 **   should be set to point to the new tokenizer handle and SQLITE_OK
10580 **   returned. If an error occurs, some value other than SQLITE_OK should
10581 **   be returned. In this case, fts5 assumes that the final value of *ppOut
10582 **   is undefined.
10583 **
10584 ** xDelete:
10585 **   This function is invoked to delete a tokenizer handle previously
10586 **   allocated using xCreate(). Fts5 guarantees that this function will
10587 **   be invoked exactly once for each successful call to xCreate().
10588 **
10589 ** xTokenize:
10590 **   This function is expected to tokenize the nText byte string indicated
10591 **   by argument pText. pText may or may not be nul-terminated. The first
10592 **   argument passed to this function is a pointer to an Fts5Tokenizer object
10593 **   returned by an earlier call to xCreate().
10594 **
10595 **   The second argument indicates the reason that FTS5 is requesting
10596 **   tokenization of the supplied text. This is always one of the following
10597 **   four values:
10598 **
10599 **   <ul><li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT</b> - A document is being inserted into
10600 **            or removed from the FTS table. The tokenizer is being invoked to
10601 **            determine the set of tokens to add to (or delete from) the
10602 **            FTS index.
10603 **
10604 **       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY</b> - A MATCH query is being executed
10605 **            against the FTS index. The tokenizer is being called to tokenize
10606 **            a bareword or quoted string specified as part of the query.
10607 **
10608 **       <li> <b>(FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY | FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX)</b> - Same as
10609 **            FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY, except that the bareword or quoted string is
10610 **            followed by a "*" character, indicating that the last token
10611 **            returned by the tokenizer will be treated as a token prefix.
10612 **
10613 **       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX</b> - The tokenizer is being invoked to
10614 **            satisfy an fts5_api.xTokenize() request made by an auxiliary
10615 **            function. Or an fts5_api.xColumnSize() request made by the same
10616 **            on a columnsize=0 database.
10617 **   </ul>
10618 **
10619 **   For each token in the input string, the supplied callback xToken() must
10620 **   be invoked. The first argument to it should be a copy of the pointer
10621 **   passed as the second argument to xTokenize(). The third and fourth
10622 **   arguments are a pointer to a buffer containing the token text, and the
10623 **   size of the token in bytes. The 4th and 5th arguments are the byte offsets
10624 **   of the first byte of and first byte immediately following the text from
10625 **   which the token is derived within the input.
10626 **
10627 **   The second argument passed to the xToken() callback ("tflags") should
10628 **   normally be set to 0. The exception is if the tokenizer supports
10629 **   synonyms. In this case see the discussion below for details.
10630 **
10631 **   FTS5 assumes the xToken() callback is invoked for each token in the
10632 **   order that they occur within the input text.
10633 **
10634 **   If an xToken() callback returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, then
10635 **   the tokenization should be abandoned and the xTokenize() method should
10636 **   immediately return a copy of the xToken() return value. Or, if the
10637 **   input buffer is exhausted, xTokenize() should return SQLITE_OK. Finally,
10638 **   if an error occurs with the xTokenize() implementation itself, it
10639 **   may abandon the tokenization and return any error code other than
10640 **   SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_DONE.
10641 **
10642 ** SYNONYM SUPPORT
10643 **
10644 **   Custom tokenizers may also support synonyms. Consider a case in which a
10645 **   user wishes to query for a phrase such as "first place". Using the
10646 **   built-in tokenizers, the FTS5 query 'first + place' will match instances
10647 **   of "first place" within the document set, but not alternative forms
10648 **   such as "1st place". In some applications, it would be better to match
10649 **   all instances of "first place" or "1st place" regardless of which form
10650 **   the user specified in the MATCH query text.
10651 **
10652 **   There are several ways to approach this in FTS5:
10653 **
10654 **   <ol><li> By mapping all synonyms to a single token. In this case, the
10655 **            In the above example, this means that the tokenizer returns the
10656 **            same token for inputs "first" and "1st". Say that token is in
10657 **            fact "first", so that when the user inserts the document "I won
10658 **            1st place" entries are added to the index for tokens "i", "won",
10659 **            "first" and "place". If the user then queries for '1st + place',
10660 **            the tokenizer substitutes "first" for "1st" and the query works
10661 **            as expected.
10662 **
10663 **       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.
10664 **            In this case, when tokenizing query text, the tokenizer may
10665 **            provide multiple synonyms for a single term within the document.
10666 **            FTS5 then queries the index for each synonym individually. For
10667 **            example, faced with the query:
10668 **
10669 **   <codeblock>
10670 **     ... MATCH 'first place'</codeblock>
10671 **
10672 **            the tokenizer offers both "1st" and "first" as synonyms for the
10673 **            first token in the MATCH query and FTS5 effectively runs a query
10674 **            similar to:
10675 **
10676 **   <codeblock>
10677 **     ... MATCH '(first OR 1st) place'</codeblock>
10678 **
10679 **            except that, for the purposes of auxiliary functions, the query
10680 **            still appears to contain just two phrases - "(first OR 1st)"
10681 **            being treated as a single phrase.
10682 **
10683 **       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.
10684 **            Using this method, when tokenizing document text, the tokenizer
10685 **            provides multiple synonyms for each token. So that when a
10686 **            document such as "I won first place" is tokenized, entries are
10687 **            added to the FTS index for "i", "won", "first", "1st" and
10688 **            "place".
10689 **
10690 **            This way, even if the tokenizer does not provide synonyms
10691 **            when tokenizing query text (it should not - to do would be
10692 **            inefficient), it doesn't matter if the user queries for
10693 **            'first + place' or '1st + place', as there are entires in the
10694 **            FTS index corresponding to both forms of the first token.
10695 **   </ol>
10696 **
10697 **   Whether it is parsing document or query text, any call to xToken that
10698 **   specifies a <i>tflags</i> argument with the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED bit
10699 **   is considered to supply a synonym for the previous token. For example,
10700 **   when parsing the document "I won first place", a tokenizer that supports
10701 **   synonyms would call xToken() 5 times, as follows:
10702 **
10703 **   <codeblock>
10704 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "i",                      1,  0,  1);
10705 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "won",                    3,  2,  5);
10706 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "first",                  5,  6, 11);
10707 **       xToken(pCtx, FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED, "1st", 3,  6, 11);
10708 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "place",                  5, 12, 17);
10709 **</codeblock>
10710 **
10711 **   It is an error to specify the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED flag the first time
10712 **   xToken() is called. Multiple synonyms may be specified for a single token
10713 **   by making multiple calls to xToken(FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED) in sequence.
10714 **   There is no limit to the number of synonyms that may be provided for a
10715 **   single token.
10716 **
10717 **   In many cases, method (1) above is the best approach. It does not add
10718 **   extra data to the FTS index or require FTS5 to query for multiple terms,
10719 **   so it is efficient in terms of disk space and query speed. However, it
10720 **   does not support prefix queries very well. If, as suggested above, the
10721 **   token "first" is subsituted for "1st" by the tokenizer, then the query:
10722 **
10723 **   <codeblock>
10724 **     ... MATCH '1s*'</codeblock>
10725 **
10726 **   will not match documents that contain the token "1st" (as the tokenizer
10727 **   will probably not map "1s" to any prefix of "first").
10728 **
10729 **   For full prefix support, method (3) may be preferred. In this case,
10730 **   because the index contains entries for both "first" and "1st", prefix
10731 **   queries such as 'fi*' or '1s*' will match correctly. However, because
10732 **   extra entries are added to the FTS index, this method uses more space
10733 **   within the database.
10734 **
10735 **   Method (2) offers a midpoint between (1) and (3). Using this method,
10736 **   a query such as '1s*' will match documents that contain the literal
10737 **   token "1st", but not "first" (assuming the tokenizer is not able to
10738 **   provide synonyms for prefixes). However, a non-prefix query like '1st'
10739 **   will match against "1st" and "first". This method does not require
10740 **   extra disk space, as no extra entries are added to the FTS index.
10741 **   On the other hand, it may require more CPU cycles to run MATCH queries,
10742 **   as separate queries of the FTS index are required for each synonym.
10743 **
10744 **   When using methods (2) or (3), it is important that the tokenizer only
10745 **   provide synonyms when tokenizing document text (method (2)) or query
10746 **   text (method (3)), not both. Doing so will not cause any errors, but is
10747 **   inefficient.
10748 */
10749 typedef struct Fts5Tokenizer Fts5Tokenizer;
10750 typedef struct fts5_tokenizer fts5_tokenizer;
10751 struct fts5_tokenizer {
10752   int (*xCreate)(void*, const char **azArg, int nArg, Fts5Tokenizer **ppOut);
10753   void (*xDelete)(Fts5Tokenizer*);
10754   int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Tokenizer*,
10755       void *pCtx,
10756       int flags,            /* Mask of FTS5_TOKENIZE_* flags */
10757       const char *pText, int nText,
10758       int (*xToken)(
10759         void *pCtx,         /* Copy of 2nd argument to xTokenize() */
10760         int tflags,         /* Mask of FTS5_TOKEN_* flags */
10761         const char *pToken, /* Pointer to buffer containing token */
10762         int nToken,         /* Size of token in bytes */
10763         int iStart,         /* Byte offset of token within input text */
10764         int iEnd            /* Byte offset of end of token within input text */
10765       )
10766   );
10767 };
10768 
10769 /* Flags that may be passed as the third argument to xTokenize() */
10770 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY     0x0001
10771 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX    0x0002
10772 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT  0x0004
10773 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX       0x0008
10774 
10775 /* Flags that may be passed by the tokenizer implementation back to FTS5
10776 ** as the third argument to the supplied xToken callback. */
10777 #define FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED    0x0001      /* Same position as prev. token */
10778 
10779 /*
10780 ** END OF CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
10781 *************************************************************************/
10782 
10783 /*************************************************************************
10784 ** FTS5 EXTENSION REGISTRATION API
10785 */
10786 typedef struct fts5_api fts5_api;
10787 struct fts5_api {
10788   int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 2 */
10789 
10790   /* Create a new tokenizer */
10791   int (*xCreateTokenizer)(
10792     fts5_api *pApi,
10793     const char *zName,
10794     void *pContext,
10795     fts5_tokenizer *pTokenizer,
10796     void (*xDestroy)(void*)
10797   );
10798 
10799   /* Find an existing tokenizer */
10800   int (*xFindTokenizer)(
10801     fts5_api *pApi,
10802     const char *zName,
10803     void **ppContext,
10804     fts5_tokenizer *pTokenizer
10805   );
10806 
10807   /* Create a new auxiliary function */
10808   int (*xCreateFunction)(
10809     fts5_api *pApi,
10810     const char *zName,
10811     void *pContext,
10812     fts5_extension_function xFunction,
10813     void (*xDestroy)(void*)
10814   );
10815 };
10816 
10817 /*
10818 ** END OF REGISTRATION API
10819 *************************************************************************/
10820 
10821 #ifdef __cplusplus
10822 }  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
10823 #endif
10824 
10825 #endif /* _FTS5_H */
10826 
10827 /******** End of fts5.h *********/
10828