1 //===- toyc.cpp - The Toy Compiler ----------------------------------------===//
2 //
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6 //
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8 //
9 // This file implements the entry point for the Toy compiler.
10 //
11 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
12 
13 #include "toy/Dialect.h"
14 #include "toy/MLIRGen.h"
15 #include "toy/Parser.h"
16 #include "toy/Passes.h"
17 
18 #include "mlir/ExecutionEngine/ExecutionEngine.h"
19 #include "mlir/ExecutionEngine/OptUtils.h"
20 #include "mlir/IR/AsmState.h"
21 #include "mlir/IR/BuiltinOps.h"
22 #include "mlir/IR/MLIRContext.h"
23 #include "mlir/IR/Verifier.h"
24 #include "mlir/InitAllDialects.h"
25 #include "mlir/Parser.h"
26 #include "mlir/Pass/Pass.h"
27 #include "mlir/Pass/PassManager.h"
28 #include "mlir/Target/LLVMIR.h"
29 #include "mlir/Transforms/Passes.h"
30 
31 #include "llvm/ADT/StringRef.h"
32 #include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
33 #include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
34 #include "llvm/Support/ErrorOr.h"
35 #include "llvm/Support/MemoryBuffer.h"
36 #include "llvm/Support/SourceMgr.h"
37 #include "llvm/Support/TargetSelect.h"
38 #include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
39 
40 using namespace toy;
41 namespace cl = llvm::cl;
42 
43 static cl::opt<std::string> inputFilename(cl::Positional,
44                                           cl::desc("<input toy file>"),
45                                           cl::init("-"),
46                                           cl::value_desc("filename"));
47 
48 namespace {
49 enum InputType { Toy, MLIR };
50 }
51 static cl::opt<enum InputType> inputType(
52     "x", cl::init(Toy), cl::desc("Decided the kind of output desired"),
53     cl::values(clEnumValN(Toy, "toy", "load the input file as a Toy source.")),
54     cl::values(clEnumValN(MLIR, "mlir",
55                           "load the input file as an MLIR file")));
56 
57 namespace {
58 enum Action {
59   None,
60   DumpAST,
61   DumpMLIR,
62   DumpMLIRAffine,
63   DumpMLIRLLVM,
64   DumpLLVMIR,
65   RunJIT
66 };
67 }
68 static cl::opt<enum Action> emitAction(
69     "emit", cl::desc("Select the kind of output desired"),
70     cl::values(clEnumValN(DumpAST, "ast", "output the AST dump")),
71     cl::values(clEnumValN(DumpMLIR, "mlir", "output the MLIR dump")),
72     cl::values(clEnumValN(DumpMLIRAffine, "mlir-affine",
73                           "output the MLIR dump after affine lowering")),
74     cl::values(clEnumValN(DumpMLIRLLVM, "mlir-llvm",
75                           "output the MLIR dump after llvm lowering")),
76     cl::values(clEnumValN(DumpLLVMIR, "llvm", "output the LLVM IR dump")),
77     cl::values(
78         clEnumValN(RunJIT, "jit",
79                    "JIT the code and run it by invoking the main function")));
80 
81 static cl::opt<bool> enableOpt("opt", cl::desc("Enable optimizations"));
82 
83 /// Returns a Toy AST resulting from parsing the file or a nullptr on error.
parseInputFile(llvm::StringRef filename)84 std::unique_ptr<toy::ModuleAST> parseInputFile(llvm::StringRef filename) {
85   llvm::ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<llvm::MemoryBuffer>> fileOrErr =
86       llvm::MemoryBuffer::getFileOrSTDIN(filename);
87   if (std::error_code ec = fileOrErr.getError()) {
88     llvm::errs() << "Could not open input file: " << ec.message() << "\n";
89     return nullptr;
90   }
91   auto buffer = fileOrErr.get()->getBuffer();
92   LexerBuffer lexer(buffer.begin(), buffer.end(), std::string(filename));
93   Parser parser(lexer);
94   return parser.parseModule();
95 }
96 
loadMLIR(mlir::MLIRContext & context,mlir::OwningModuleRef & module)97 int loadMLIR(mlir::MLIRContext &context, mlir::OwningModuleRef &module) {
98   // Handle '.toy' input to the compiler.
99   if (inputType != InputType::MLIR &&
100       !llvm::StringRef(inputFilename).endswith(".mlir")) {
101     auto moduleAST = parseInputFile(inputFilename);
102     if (!moduleAST)
103       return 6;
104     module = mlirGen(context, *moduleAST);
105     return !module ? 1 : 0;
106   }
107 
108   // Otherwise, the input is '.mlir'.
109   llvm::ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<llvm::MemoryBuffer>> fileOrErr =
110       llvm::MemoryBuffer::getFileOrSTDIN(inputFilename);
111   if (std::error_code EC = fileOrErr.getError()) {
112     llvm::errs() << "Could not open input file: " << EC.message() << "\n";
113     return -1;
114   }
115 
116   // Parse the input mlir.
117   llvm::SourceMgr sourceMgr;
118   sourceMgr.AddNewSourceBuffer(std::move(*fileOrErr), llvm::SMLoc());
119   module = mlir::parseSourceFile(sourceMgr, &context);
120   if (!module) {
121     llvm::errs() << "Error can't load file " << inputFilename << "\n";
122     return 3;
123   }
124   return 0;
125 }
126 
loadAndProcessMLIR(mlir::MLIRContext & context,mlir::OwningModuleRef & module)127 int loadAndProcessMLIR(mlir::MLIRContext &context,
128                        mlir::OwningModuleRef &module) {
129   if (int error = loadMLIR(context, module))
130     return error;
131 
132   mlir::PassManager pm(&context);
133   // Apply any generic pass manager command line options and run the pipeline.
134   applyPassManagerCLOptions(pm);
135 
136   // Check to see what granularity of MLIR we are compiling to.
137   bool isLoweringToAffine = emitAction >= Action::DumpMLIRAffine;
138   bool isLoweringToLLVM = emitAction >= Action::DumpMLIRLLVM;
139 
140   if (enableOpt || isLoweringToAffine) {
141     // Inline all functions into main and then delete them.
142     pm.addPass(mlir::createInlinerPass());
143 
144     // Now that there is only one function, we can infer the shapes of each of
145     // the operations.
146     mlir::OpPassManager &optPM = pm.nest<mlir::FuncOp>();
147     optPM.addPass(mlir::toy::createShapeInferencePass());
148     optPM.addPass(mlir::createCanonicalizerPass());
149     optPM.addPass(mlir::createCSEPass());
150   }
151 
152   if (isLoweringToAffine) {
153     mlir::OpPassManager &optPM = pm.nest<mlir::FuncOp>();
154 
155     // Partially lower the toy dialect with a few cleanups afterwards.
156     optPM.addPass(mlir::toy::createLowerToAffinePass());
157     optPM.addPass(mlir::createCanonicalizerPass());
158     optPM.addPass(mlir::createCSEPass());
159 
160     // Add optimizations if enabled.
161     if (enableOpt) {
162       optPM.addPass(mlir::createLoopFusionPass());
163       optPM.addPass(mlir::createMemRefDataFlowOptPass());
164     }
165   }
166 
167   if (isLoweringToLLVM) {
168     // Finish lowering the toy IR to the LLVM dialect.
169     pm.addPass(mlir::toy::createLowerToLLVMPass());
170   }
171 
172   if (mlir::failed(pm.run(*module)))
173     return 4;
174   return 0;
175 }
176 
dumpAST()177 int dumpAST() {
178   if (inputType == InputType::MLIR) {
179     llvm::errs() << "Can't dump a Toy AST when the input is MLIR\n";
180     return 5;
181   }
182 
183   auto moduleAST = parseInputFile(inputFilename);
184   if (!moduleAST)
185     return 1;
186 
187   dump(*moduleAST);
188   return 0;
189 }
190 
dumpLLVMIR(mlir::ModuleOp module)191 int dumpLLVMIR(mlir::ModuleOp module) {
192   // Convert the module to LLVM IR in a new LLVM IR context.
193   llvm::LLVMContext llvmContext;
194   auto llvmModule = mlir::translateModuleToLLVMIR(module, llvmContext);
195   if (!llvmModule) {
196     llvm::errs() << "Failed to emit LLVM IR\n";
197     return -1;
198   }
199 
200   // Initialize LLVM targets.
201   llvm::InitializeNativeTarget();
202   llvm::InitializeNativeTargetAsmPrinter();
203   mlir::ExecutionEngine::setupTargetTriple(llvmModule.get());
204 
205   /// Optionally run an optimization pipeline over the llvm module.
206   auto optPipeline = mlir::makeOptimizingTransformer(
207       /*optLevel=*/enableOpt ? 3 : 0, /*sizeLevel=*/0,
208       /*targetMachine=*/nullptr);
209   if (auto err = optPipeline(llvmModule.get())) {
210     llvm::errs() << "Failed to optimize LLVM IR " << err << "\n";
211     return -1;
212   }
213   llvm::errs() << *llvmModule << "\n";
214   return 0;
215 }
216 
runJit(mlir::ModuleOp module)217 int runJit(mlir::ModuleOp module) {
218   // Initialize LLVM targets.
219   llvm::InitializeNativeTarget();
220   llvm::InitializeNativeTargetAsmPrinter();
221 
222   // An optimization pipeline to use within the execution engine.
223   auto optPipeline = mlir::makeOptimizingTransformer(
224       /*optLevel=*/enableOpt ? 3 : 0, /*sizeLevel=*/0,
225       /*targetMachine=*/nullptr);
226 
227   // Create an MLIR execution engine. The execution engine eagerly JIT-compiles
228   // the module.
229   auto maybeEngine = mlir::ExecutionEngine::create(
230       module, /*llvmModuleBuilder=*/nullptr, optPipeline);
231   assert(maybeEngine && "failed to construct an execution engine");
232   auto &engine = maybeEngine.get();
233 
234   // Invoke the JIT-compiled function.
235   auto invocationResult = engine->invoke("main");
236   if (invocationResult) {
237     llvm::errs() << "JIT invocation failed\n";
238     return -1;
239   }
240 
241   return 0;
242 }
243 
main(int argc,char ** argv)244 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
245   // Register any command line options.
246   mlir::registerAsmPrinterCLOptions();
247   mlir::registerMLIRContextCLOptions();
248   mlir::registerPassManagerCLOptions();
249 
250   cl::ParseCommandLineOptions(argc, argv, "toy compiler\n");
251 
252   if (emitAction == Action::DumpAST)
253     return dumpAST();
254 
255   // If we aren't dumping the AST, then we are compiling with/to MLIR.
256 
257   mlir::MLIRContext context;
258   // Load our Dialect in this MLIR Context.
259   context.getOrLoadDialect<mlir::toy::ToyDialect>();
260 
261   mlir::OwningModuleRef module;
262   if (int error = loadAndProcessMLIR(context, module))
263     return error;
264 
265   // If we aren't exporting to non-mlir, then we are done.
266   bool isOutputingMLIR = emitAction <= Action::DumpMLIRLLVM;
267   if (isOutputingMLIR) {
268     module->dump();
269     return 0;
270   }
271 
272   // Check to see if we are compiling to LLVM IR.
273   if (emitAction == Action::DumpLLVMIR)
274     return dumpLLVMIR(*module);
275 
276   // Otherwise, we must be running the jit.
277   if (emitAction == Action::RunJIT)
278     return runJit(*module);
279 
280   llvm::errs() << "No action specified (parsing only?), use -emit=<action>\n";
281   return -1;
282 }
283