include/nativehelper/JNIHelp.h

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

/*
 * JNI helper functions.
 *
 * This file may be included by C or C++ code, which is trouble because jni.h
 * uses different typedefs for JNIEnv in each language.
 */
#pragma once

#include <sys/cdefs.h>

#include <errno.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include <jni.h>

#include <android/log.h>

// Avoid formatting this as it must match webview's usage (webview/graphics_utils.cpp).
// clang-format off
#ifndef NELEM
#define NELEM(x) ((int) (sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0])))
#endif
// clang-format on

/*
 * For C++ code, we provide inlines that map to the C functions.  g++ always
 * inlines these, even on non-optimized builds.
 */
#if defined(__cplusplus)

namespace android::jnihelp {
struct [[maybe_unused]] ExpandableString {
    size_t dataSize; // The length of the C string data (not including the null-terminator).
    char* data;      // The C string data.
};

[[maybe_unused]] static void ExpandableStringInitialize(struct ExpandableString* s) {
    memset(s, 0, sizeof(*s));
}

[[maybe_unused]] static void ExpandableStringRelease(struct ExpandableString* s) {
    free(s->data);
    memset(s, 0, sizeof(*s));
}

[[maybe_unused]] static bool ExpandableStringAppend(struct ExpandableString* s, const char* text) {
    size_t textSize = strlen(text);
    size_t requiredSize = s->dataSize + textSize + 1;
    char* data = (char*)realloc(s->data, requiredSize);
    if (data == NULL) {
        return false;
    }
    s->data = data;
    memcpy(s->data + s->dataSize, text, textSize + 1);
    s->dataSize += textSize;
    return true;
}

[[maybe_unused]] static bool ExpandableStringAssign(struct ExpandableString* s, const char* text) {
    ExpandableStringRelease(s);
    return ExpandableStringAppend(s, text);
}

[[maybe_unused]] inline char* safe_strerror(char* (*strerror_r_method)(int, char*, size_t),
                                            int errnum, char* buf, size_t buflen) {
    return strerror_r_method(errnum, buf, buflen);
}

[[maybe_unused]] inline char* safe_strerror(int (*strerror_r_method)(int, char*, size_t),
                                            int errnum, char* buf, size_t buflen) {
    int rc = strerror_r_method(errnum, buf, buflen);
    if (rc != 0) {
        snprintf(buf, buflen, "errno %d", errnum);
    }
    return buf;
}

[[maybe_unused]] static const char* platformStrError(int errnum, char* buf, size_t buflen) {
    return safe_strerror(strerror_r, errnum, buf, buflen);
}

[[maybe_unused]] static jmethodID FindMethod(JNIEnv* env, const char* className,
                                             const char* methodName, const char* descriptor) {
    // This method is only valid for classes in the core library which are
    // not unloaded during the lifetime of managed code execution.
    jclass clazz = env->FindClass(className);
    jmethodID methodId = env->GetMethodID(clazz, methodName, descriptor);
    env->DeleteLocalRef(clazz);
    return methodId;
}

[[maybe_unused]] static bool AppendJString(JNIEnv* env, jstring text,
                                           struct ExpandableString* dst) {
    const char* utfText = env->GetStringUTFChars(text, NULL);
    if (utfText == NULL) {
        return false;
    }
    bool success = ExpandableStringAppend(dst, utfText);
    env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(text, utfText);
    return success;
}

/*
 * Returns a human-readable summary of an exception object.  The buffer will
 * be populated with the "binary" class name and, if present, the
 * exception message.
 */
[[maybe_unused]] static bool GetExceptionSummary(JNIEnv* env, jthrowable thrown,
                                                 struct ExpandableString* dst) {
    // Summary is <exception_class_name> ": " <exception_message>
    jclass exceptionClass = env->GetObjectClass(thrown); // Always succeeds
    jmethodID getName = FindMethod(env, "java/lang/Class", "getName", "()Ljava/lang/String;");
    jstring className = (jstring)env->CallObjectMethod(exceptionClass, getName);
    if (className == NULL) {
        ExpandableStringAssign(dst, "<error getting class name>");
        env->ExceptionClear();
        env->DeleteLocalRef(exceptionClass);
        return false;
    }
    env->DeleteLocalRef(exceptionClass);
    exceptionClass = NULL;

    if (!AppendJString(env, className, dst)) {
        ExpandableStringAssign(dst, "<error getting class name UTF-8>");
        env->ExceptionClear();
        env->DeleteLocalRef(className);
        return false;
    }
    env->DeleteLocalRef(className);
    className = NULL;

    jmethodID getMessage =
            FindMethod(env, "java/lang/Throwable", "getMessage", "()Ljava/lang/String;");
    jstring message = (jstring)env->CallObjectMethod(thrown, getMessage);
    if (message == NULL) {
        return true;
    }

    bool success = (ExpandableStringAppend(dst, ": ") && AppendJString(env, message, dst));
    if (!success) {
        // Two potential reasons for reaching here:
        //
        // 1. managed heap allocation failure (OOME).
        // 2. native heap allocation failure for the storage in |dst|.
        //
        // Attempt to append failure notification, okay to fail, |dst| contains the class name
        // of |thrown|.
        ExpandableStringAppend(dst, "<error getting message>");
        // Clear OOME if present.
        env->ExceptionClear();
    }
    env->DeleteLocalRef(message);
    message = NULL;
    return success;
}

[[maybe_unused]] static jobject NewStringWriter(JNIEnv* env) {
    jclass clazz = env->FindClass("java/io/StringWriter");
    jmethodID init = env->GetMethodID(clazz, "<init>", "()V");
    jobject instance = env->NewObject(clazz, init);
    env->DeleteLocalRef(clazz);
    return instance;
}

[[maybe_unused]] static jstring StringWriterToString(JNIEnv* env, jobject stringWriter) {
    jmethodID toString =
            FindMethod(env, "java/io/StringWriter", "toString", "()Ljava/lang/String;");
    return (jstring)env->CallObjectMethod(stringWriter, toString);
}

[[maybe_unused]] static jobject NewPrintWriter(JNIEnv* env, jobject writer) {
    jclass clazz = env->FindClass("java/io/PrintWriter");
    jmethodID init = env->GetMethodID(clazz, "<init>", "(Ljava/io/Writer;)V");
    jobject instance = env->NewObject(clazz, init, writer);
    env->DeleteLocalRef(clazz);
    return instance;
}

[[maybe_unused]] static bool GetStackTrace(JNIEnv* env, jthrowable thrown,
                                           struct ExpandableString* dst) {
    // This function is equivalent to the following Java snippet:
    //   StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
    //   PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(sw);
    //   thrown.printStackTrace(pw);
    //   String trace = sw.toString();
    //   return trace;
    jobject sw = NewStringWriter(env);
    if (sw == NULL) {
        return false;
    }

    jobject pw = NewPrintWriter(env, sw);
    if (pw == NULL) {
        env->DeleteLocalRef(sw);
        return false;
    }

    jmethodID printStackTrace =
            FindMethod(env, "java/lang/Throwable", "printStackTrace", "(Ljava/io/PrintWriter;)V");
    env->CallVoidMethod(thrown, printStackTrace, pw);

    jstring trace = StringWriterToString(env, sw);

    env->DeleteLocalRef(pw);
    pw = NULL;
    env->DeleteLocalRef(sw);
    sw = NULL;

    if (trace == NULL) {
        return false;
    }

    bool success = AppendJString(env, trace, dst);
    env->DeleteLocalRef(trace);
    return success;
}

[[maybe_unused]] static void GetStackTraceOrSummary(JNIEnv* env, jthrowable thrown,
                                                    struct ExpandableString* dst) {
    // This method attempts to get a stack trace or summary info for an exception.
    // The exception may be provided in the |thrown| argument to this function.
    // If |thrown| is NULL, then any pending exception is used if it exists.

    // Save pending exception, callees may raise other exceptions. Any pending exception is
    // rethrown when this function exits.
    jthrowable pendingException = env->ExceptionOccurred();
    if (pendingException != NULL) {
        env->ExceptionClear();
    }

    if (thrown == NULL) {
        if (pendingException == NULL) {
            ExpandableStringAssign(dst, "<no pending exception>");
            return;
        }
        thrown = pendingException;
    }

    if (!GetStackTrace(env, thrown, dst)) {
        // GetStackTrace may have raised an exception, clear it since it's not for the caller.
        env->ExceptionClear();
        GetExceptionSummary(env, thrown, dst);
    }

    if (pendingException != NULL) {
        // Re-throw the pending exception present when this method was called.
        env->Throw(pendingException);
        env->DeleteLocalRef(pendingException);
    }
}

[[maybe_unused]] static void DiscardPendingException(JNIEnv* env, const char* className) {
    jthrowable exception = env->ExceptionOccurred();
    env->ExceptionClear();
    if (exception == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    struct ExpandableString summary;
    ExpandableStringInitialize(&summary);
    GetExceptionSummary(env, exception, &summary);
    const char* details = (summary.data != NULL) ? summary.data : "Unknown";
    __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_WARN, "JNIHelp",
                        "Discarding pending exception (%s) to throw %s", details, className);
    ExpandableStringRelease(&summary);
    env->DeleteLocalRef(exception);
}

[[maybe_unused]] static int ThrowException(JNIEnv* env, const char* className, const char* ctorSig,
                                           ...) {
    int status = -1;
    jclass exceptionClass = NULL;

    va_list args;
    va_start(args, ctorSig);

    DiscardPendingException(env, className);

    {
        /* We want to clean up local references before returning from this function, so,
         * regardless of return status, the end block must run. Have the work done in a
         * nested block to avoid using any uninitialized variables in the end block. */
        exceptionClass = env->FindClass(className);
        if (exceptionClass == NULL) {
            __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, "JNIHelp", "Unable to find exception class %s",
                                className);
            /* an exception, most likely ClassNotFoundException, will now be pending */
            goto end;
        }

        jmethodID init = env->GetMethodID(exceptionClass, "<init>", ctorSig);
        if (init == NULL) {
            __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, "JNIHelp",
                                "Failed to find constructor for '%s' '%s'", className, ctorSig);
            goto end;
        }

        jobject instance = env->NewObjectV(exceptionClass, init, args);
        if (instance == NULL) {
            __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, "JNIHelp", "Failed to construct '%s'",
                                className);
            goto end;
        }

        if (env->Throw((jthrowable)instance) != JNI_OK) {
            __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, "JNIHelp", "Failed to throw '%s'", className);
            /* an exception, most likely OOM, will now be pending */
            goto end;
        }

        /* everything worked fine, just update status to success and clean up */
        status = 0;
    }

end:
    va_end(args);
    if (exceptionClass != NULL) {
        env->DeleteLocalRef(exceptionClass);
    }
    return status;
}

[[maybe_unused]] static jstring CreateExceptionMsg(JNIEnv* env, const char* msg) {
    jstring detailMessage = env->NewStringUTF(msg);
    if (detailMessage == NULL) {
        /* Not really much we can do here. We're probably dead in the water,
        but let's try to stumble on... */
        env->ExceptionClear();
    }
    return detailMessage;
}
} // namespace android::jnihelp

/*
 * Register one or more native methods with a particular class.  "className" looks like
 * "java/lang/String". Aborts on failure, returns 0 on success.
 */
[[maybe_unused]] static int jniRegisterNativeMethods(JNIEnv* env, const char* className,
                                                     const JNINativeMethod* methods,
                                                     int numMethods) {
    using namespace android::jnihelp;
    jclass clazz = env->FindClass(className);
    if (clazz == NULL) {
        __android_log_assert("clazz == NULL", "JNIHelp",
                             "Native registration unable to find class '%s'; aborting...",
                             className);
    }
    int result = env->RegisterNatives(clazz, methods, numMethods);
    env->DeleteLocalRef(clazz);
    if (result == 0) {
        return 0;
    }

    // Failure to register natives is fatal. Try to report the corresponding exception,
    // otherwise abort with generic failure message.
    jthrowable thrown = env->ExceptionOccurred();
    if (thrown != NULL) {
        struct ExpandableString summary;
        ExpandableStringInitialize(&summary);
        if (GetExceptionSummary(env, thrown, &summary)) {
            __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_FATAL, "JNIHelp", "%s", summary.data);
        }
        ExpandableStringRelease(&summary);
        env->DeleteLocalRef(thrown);
    }
    __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_FATAL, "JNIHelp",
                        "RegisterNatives failed for '%s'; aborting...", className);
    return result;
}

/*
 * Throw an exception with the specified class and an optional message.
 *
 * The "className" argument will be passed directly to FindClass, which
 * takes strings with slashes (e.g. "java/lang/Object").
 *
 * If an exception is currently pending, we log a warning message and
 * clear it.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, nonzero if something failed (e.g. the exception
 * class couldn't be found, so *an* exception will still be pending).
 *
 * Currently aborts the VM if it can't throw the exception.
 */
[[maybe_unused]] static int jniThrowException(JNIEnv* env, const char* className, const char* msg) {
    using namespace android::jnihelp;
    jstring _detailMessage = CreateExceptionMsg(env, msg);
    int _status = ThrowException(env, className, "(Ljava/lang/String;)V", _detailMessage);
    if (_detailMessage != NULL) {
        env->DeleteLocalRef(_detailMessage);
    }
    return _status;
}

/*
 * Throw an android.system.ErrnoException, with the given function name and errno value.
 */
[[maybe_unused]] static int jniThrowErrnoException(JNIEnv* env, const char* functionName,
                                                   int errnum) {
    using namespace android::jnihelp;
    jstring _detailMessage = CreateExceptionMsg(env, functionName);
    int _status = ThrowException(env, "android/system/ErrnoException", "(Ljava/lang/String;I)V",
                                 _detailMessage, errnum);
    if (_detailMessage != NULL) {
        env->DeleteLocalRef(_detailMessage);
    }
    return _status;
}

/*
 * Throw an exception with the specified class and formatted error message.
 *
 * The "className" argument will be passed directly to FindClass, which
 * takes strings with slashes (e.g. "java/lang/Object").
 *
 * If an exception is currently pending, we log a warning message and
 * clear it.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, nonzero if something failed (e.g. the exception
 * class couldn't be found, so *an* exception will still be pending).
 *
 * Currently aborts the VM if it can't throw the exception.
 */
[[maybe_unused]] static int jniThrowExceptionFmt(JNIEnv* env, const char* className,
                                                 const char* fmt, ...) {
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, fmt);
    char msgBuf[512];
    vsnprintf(msgBuf, sizeof(msgBuf), fmt, args);
    va_end(args);
    return jniThrowException(env, className, msgBuf);
}

[[maybe_unused]] static int jniThrowNullPointerException(JNIEnv* env, const char* msg) {
    return jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/NullPointerException", msg);
}

[[maybe_unused]] static int jniThrowRuntimeException(JNIEnv* env, const char* msg) {
    return jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/RuntimeException", msg);
}

[[maybe_unused]] static int jniThrowIOException(JNIEnv* env, int errno_value) {
    using namespace android::jnihelp;
    char buffer[80];
    const char* message = platformStrError(errno_value, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
    return jniThrowException(env, "java/io/IOException", message);
}

/*
 * Returns a Java String object created from UTF-16 data either from jchar or,
 * if called from C++11, char16_t (a bitwise identical distinct type).
 */
[[maybe_unused]] static inline jstring jniCreateString(JNIEnv* env, const jchar* unicodeChars,
                                                       jsize len) {
    return env->NewString(unicodeChars, len);
}

[[maybe_unused]] static inline jstring jniCreateString(JNIEnv* env, const char16_t* unicodeChars,
                                                       jsize len) {
    return jniCreateString(env, reinterpret_cast<const jchar*>(unicodeChars), len);
}

/*
 * Log a message and an exception.
 * If exception is NULL, logs the current exception in the JNI environment.
 */
[[maybe_unused]] static void jniLogException(JNIEnv* env, int priority, const char* tag,
                                             jthrowable exception = NULL) {
    using namespace android::jnihelp;
    struct ExpandableString summary;
    ExpandableStringInitialize(&summary);
    GetStackTraceOrSummary(env, exception, &summary);
    const char* details = (summary.data != NULL) ? summary.data : "No memory to report exception";
    __android_log_write(priority, tag, details);
    ExpandableStringRelease(&summary);
}

#else // defined(__cplusplus)

// ART-internal only methods (not exported), exposed for legacy C users

int jniRegisterNativeMethods(JNIEnv* env, const char* className, const JNINativeMethod* gMethods,
                             int numMethods);

void jniLogException(JNIEnv* env, int priority, const char* tag, jthrowable thrown);

int jniThrowException(JNIEnv* env, const char* className, const char* msg);

int jniThrowNullPointerException(JNIEnv* env, const char* msg);

#endif // defined(__cplusplus)