1A. HISTORY OF THE SOFTWARE 2========================== 3 4Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting 5Mathematisch Centrum (CWI, see http://www.cwi.nl) in the Netherlands 6as a successor of a language called ABC. Guido remains Python's 7principal author, although it includes many contributions from others. 8 9In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation for 10National Research Initiatives (CNRI, see http://www.cnri.reston.va.us) 11in Reston, Virginia where he released several versions of the 12software. 13 14In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved to 15BeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team. In October of the same 16year, the PythonLabs team moved to Digital Creations (now Zope 17Corporation, see http://www.zope.com). In 2001, the Python Software 18Foundation (PSF, see http://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a 19non-profit organization created specifically to own Python-related 20Intellectual Property. Zope Corporation is a sponsoring member of 21the PSF. 22 23All Python releases are Open Source (see http://www.opensource.org for 24the Open Source Definition). Historically, most, but not all, Python 25releases have also been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizes 26the various releases. 27 28 Release Derived Year Owner GPL- 29 from compatible? (1) 30 31 0.9.0 thru 1.2 1991-1995 CWI yes 32 1.3 thru 1.5.2 1.2 1995-1999 CNRI yes 33 1.6 1.5.2 2000 CNRI no 34 2.0 1.6 2000 BeOpen.com no 35 1.6.1 1.6 2001 CNRI yes (2) 36 2.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF no 37 2.0.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF yes 38 2.1.1 2.1+2.0.1 2001 PSF yes 39 2.2 2.1.1 2001 PSF yes 40 2.1.2 2.1.1 2002 PSF yes 41 2.1.3 2.1.2 2002 PSF yes 42 2.2.1 2.2 2002 PSF yes 43 2.2.2 2.2.1 2002 PSF yes 44 2.2.3 2.2.2 2003 PSF yes 45 2.3 2.2.2 2002-2003 PSF yes 46 2.3.1 2.3 2002-2003 PSF yes 47 2.3.2 2.3.1 2002-2003 PSF yes 48 2.3.3 2.3.2 2002-2003 PSF yes 49 2.3.4 2.3.3 2004 PSF yes 50 2.3.5 2.3.4 2005 PSF yes 51 2.4 2.3 2004 PSF yes 52 2.4.1 2.4 2005 PSF yes 53 2.4.2 2.4.1 2005 PSF yes 54 2.4.3 2.4.2 2006 PSF yes 55 2.4.4 2.4.3 2006 PSF yes 56 2.5 2.4 2006 PSF yes 57 2.5.1 2.5 2007 PSF yes 58 2.5.2 2.5.1 2008 PSF yes 59 2.5.3 2.5.2 2008 PSF yes 60 2.6 2.5 2008 PSF yes 61 2.6.1 2.6 2008 PSF yes 62 2.6.2 2.6.1 2009 PSF yes 63 2.6.3 2.6.2 2009 PSF yes 64 2.6.4 2.6.3 2009 PSF yes 65 2.6.5 2.6.4 2010 PSF yes 66 3.0 2.6 2008 PSF yes 67 3.0.1 3.0 2009 PSF yes 68 3.1 3.0.1 2009 PSF yes 69 3.1.1 3.1 2009 PSF yes 70 3.1.2 3.1.1 2010 PSF yes 71 3.1.3 3.1.2 2010 PSF yes 72 3.1.4 3.1.3 2011 PSF yes 73 3.2 3.1 2011 PSF yes 74 3.2.1 3.2 2011 PSF yes 75 3.2.2 3.2.1 2011 PSF yes 76 3.2.3 3.2.2 2012 PSF yes 77 3.3.0 3.2 2012 PSF yes 78 79Footnotes: 80 81(1) GPL-compatible doesn't mean that we're distributing Python under 82 the GPL. All Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute 83 a modified version without making your changes open source. The 84 GPL-compatible licenses make it possible to combine Python with 85 other software that is released under the GPL; the others don't. 86 87(2) According to Richard Stallman, 1.6.1 is not GPL-compatible, 88 because its license has a choice of law clause. According to 89 CNRI, however, Stallman's lawyer has told CNRI's lawyer that 1.6.1 90 is "not incompatible" with the GPL. 91 92Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido's 93direction to make these releases possible. 94 95 96B. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 97=============================================================== 98 99PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION LICENSE VERSION 2 100-------------------------------------------- 101 1021. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation 103("PSF"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and 104otherwise using this software ("Python") in source or binary form and 105its associated documentation. 106 1072. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby 108grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, 109analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, 110distribute, and otherwise use Python alone or in any derivative version, 111provided, however, that PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of copyright, 112i.e., "Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 1132011, 2012 Python Software Foundation; All Rights Reserved" are retained in Python 114alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee. 115 1163. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on 117or incorporates Python or any part thereof, and wants to make 118the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then 119Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of 120the changes made to Python. 121 1224. PSF is making Python available to Licensee on an "AS IS" 123basis. PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR 124IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND 125DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS 126FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON WILL NOT 127INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 128 1295. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 130FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS 131A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON, 132OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 133 1346. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material 135breach of its terms and conditions. 136 1377. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any 138relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and 139Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF 140trademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote 141products or services of Licensee, or any third party. 142 1438. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python, Licensee 144agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License 145Agreement. 146 147 148BEOPEN.COM LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.0 149------------------------------------------- 150 151BEOPEN PYTHON OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT VERSION 1 152 1531. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com ("BeOpen"), having an 154office at 160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the 155Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using 156this software in source or binary form and its associated 157documentation ("the Software"). 158 1592. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License 160Agreement, BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive, 161royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform 162and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and 163otherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative version, 164provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in the 165Software, alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee. 166 1673. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an "AS IS" 168basis. BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR 169IMPLIED. 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Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI 208hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide 209license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, 210prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1 211alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that CNRI's 212License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright, i.e., "Copyright (c) 2131995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives; All Rights 214Reserved" are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative 215version prepared by Licensee. Alternately, in lieu of CNRI's License 216Agreement, Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting the 217quotes): "Python 1.6.1 is made available subject to the terms and 218conditions in CNRI's License Agreement. This Agreement together with 219Python 1.6.1 may be located on the Internet using the following 220unique, persistent identifier (known as a handle): 1895.22/1013. This 221Agreement may also be obtained from a proxy server on the Internet 222using the following URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013". 223 2243. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on 225or incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make 226the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then 227Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of 228the changes made to Python 1.6.1. 229 2304. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an "AS IS" 231basis. CNRI MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR 232IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO AND 233DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS 234FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON 1.6.1 WILL NOT 235INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 236 2375. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 2381.6.1 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS 239A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1, 240OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 241 2426. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material 243breach of its terms and conditions. 244 2457. This License Agreement shall be governed by the federal 246intellectual property law of the United States, including without 247limitation the federal copyright law, and, to the extent such 248U.S. federal law does not apply, by the law of the Commonwealth of 249Virginia, excluding Virginia's conflict of law provisions. 250Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works based 251on Python 1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that was 252previously distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), the 253law of the Commonwealth of Virginia shall govern this License 254Agreement only as to issues arising under or with respect to 255Paragraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this License Agreement. Nothing in this 256License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of 257agency, partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee. This 258License Agreement does not grant permission to use CNRI trademarks or 259trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote products or 260services of Licensee, or any third party. 261 2628. By clicking on the "ACCEPT" button where indicated, or by copying, 263installing or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to be 264bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement. 265 266 ACCEPT 267 268 269CWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2 270-------------------------------------------------- 271 272Copyright (c) 1991 - 1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum Amsterdam, 273The Netherlands. All rights reserved. 274 275Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its 276documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, 277provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that 278both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in 279supporting documentation, and that the name of Stichting Mathematisch 280Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to 281distribution of the software without specific, written prior 282permission. 283 284STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO 285THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND 286FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE 287FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 288WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 289ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT 290OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 291