1## 7.1\. Display and Graphics 2 3Android includes facilities that automatically adjust application assets and UI 4layouts appropriately for the device to ensure that third-party applications 5run well on a [variety of hardware configurations](http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html). 6Devices MUST properly implement these APIs and behaviors, as detailed in this 7section. 8 9The units referenced by the requirements in this section are defined as follows: 10 11* **physical diagonal size**. The distance in inches between two opposing 12corners of the illuminated portion of the display. 13* **dots per inch (dpi)**. The number of pixels encompassed by a linear 14horizontal or vertical span of 1”. Where dpi values are listed, both horizontal 15and vertical dpi must fall within the range. 16* **aspect ratio**. The ratio of the pixels of the longer dimension to the 17shorter dimension of the screen. For example, a display of 480x854 pixels would 18be 854/480 = 1.779, or roughly “16:9”. 19* **density-independent pixel (dp)**. The virtual pixel unit normalized to a 20160 dpi screen, calculated as: pixels = dps * (density/160). 21 22### 7.1.1\. Screen Configuration 23 24#### 7.1.1.1\. Screen Size 25 26The Android UI framework supports a variety of different logical screen layout 27sizes, and allows applications to query the current configuration's screen 28layout size via `Configuration.screenLayout` with the `SCREENLAYOUT_SIZE_MASK` 29and `Configuration.smallestScreenWidthDp`. 30 31* [C-0-1] Device implementations MUST report the correct layout size for the 32 `Configuration.screenLayout` as defined in the Android SDK documentation. 33 Specifically, device implementations MUST report the correct logical 34 density-independent pixel (dp) screen dimensions as below: 35 36 * Devices with the `Configuration.uiMode` set as any value other than 37 UI_MODE_TYPE_WATCH, and reporting a `small` size for the 38 `Configuration.screenLayout`, MUST have at least 426 dp x 320 dp. 39 * Devices reporting a `normal` size for the `Configuration.screenLayout`, 40 MUST have at least 480 dp x 320 dp. 41 * Devices reporting a `large` size for the `Configuration.screenLayout`, 42 MUST have at least 640 dp x 480 dp. 43 * Devices reporting a `xlarge` size for the `Configuration.screenLayout`, 44 MUST have at least 960 dp x 720 dp. 45 46* [C-0-2] Device implementations MUST correctly honor applications' stated 47 support for screen sizes through the [<`supports-screens`>]( 48 https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/supports-screens-element.html) 49 attribute in the AndroidManifest.xml, as described 50 in the Android SDK documentation. 51 52#### 7.1.1.2\. Screen Aspect Ratio 53 54While there is no restriction to the screen aspect ratio value of the physical 55screen display, the screen aspect ratio of the logical display that third-party 56apps are rendered within, as can be derived from the height and width values 57reported through the [`view.Display`]( 58https://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/Display.html) 59APIs and [Configuration]( 60https://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/res/Configuration.html) 61API, MUST meet the following requirements: 62 63* [C-0-1] Device implementations with the `Configuration.uiMode` set as 64 `UI_MODE_TYPE_NORMAL` MUST have an aspect ratio value between 1.3333 (4:3) 65 and 1.86 (roughly 16:9), unless the app can be deemed as ready to be 66 stretched longer by meeting one of the following conditions: 67 68 * The app has declared that it supports a larger screen aspect ratio 69 through the [`android.max_aspect`]( 70 https://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html#MaxAspectRatio) 71 metadata value. 72 * The app declares it is resizeable via the [android:resizeableActivity]( 73 https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/multi-window.html#configuring) 74 attribute. 75 * The app is targeting API level 24 or higher and does not declare a 76 [`android:MaxAspectRatio`]( 77 https://developer.android.com/reference/android/R.attr.html#maxAspectRatio) 78 that would restrict the allowed aspect ratio. 79 80 81* [C-0-2] Device implementations with the `Configuration.uiMode` set as 82 `UI_MODE_TYPE_WATCH` MUST have an aspect ratio value set as 1.0 (1:1). 83 84#### 7.1.1.3\. Screen Density 85 86The Android UI framework defines a set of standard logical densities to help 87application developers target application resources. 88 89* [C-0-1] By default, device implementations MUST report only one of the 90following logical Android framework densities through the 91[DENSITY_DEVICE_STABLE]( 92https://developer.android.com/reference/android/util/DisplayMetrics.html#DENSITY_DEVICE_STABLE) 93API and this value MUST NOT change at any time; however, the device MAY report 94a different arbitrary density according to the display configuration changes 95made by the user (for example, display size) set after initial boot. 96 97 * 120 dpi (ldpi) 98 * 160 dpi (mdpi) 99 * 213 dpi (tvdpi) 100 * 240 dpi (hdpi) 101 * 260 dpi (260dpi) 102 * 280 dpi (280dpi) 103 * 300 dpi (300dpi) 104 * 320 dpi (xhdpi) 105 * 340 dpi (340dpi) 106 * 360 dpi (360dpi) 107 * 400 dpi (400dpi) 108 * 420 dpi (420dpi) 109 * 480 dpi (xxhdpi) 110 * 560 dpi (560dpi) 111 * 640 dpi (xxxhdpi) 112 113* Device implementations SHOULD define the standard Android framework density 114 that is numerically closest to the physical density of the screen, unless that 115 logical density pushes the reported screen size below the minimum supported. If 116 the standard Android framework density that is numerically closest to the 117 physical density results in a screen size that is smaller than the smallest 118 supported compatible screen size (320 dp width), device implementations SHOULD 119 report the next lowest standard Android framework density. 120 121 122If there is an affordance to change the display size of the device: 123 124* [C-1-1] The display size MUST NOT be scaled any larger than 1.5 times the native density or 125 produce an effective minimum screen dimension smaller than 320dp (equivalent 126 to resource qualifier sw320dp), whichever comes first. 127* [C-1-2] Display size MUST NOT be scaled any smaller than 0.85 times the native density. 128* To ensure good usability and consistent font sizes, it is RECOMMENDED that the 129 following scaling of Native Display options be provided (while complying with the limits 130 specified above) 131 * Small: 0.85x 132 * Default: 1x (Native display scale) 133 * Large: 1.15x 134 * Larger: 1.3x 135 * Largest 1.45x 136 137### 7.1.2\. Display Metrics 138 139If device implementations include a screen or video output, they: 140 141* [C-1-1] MUST report correct values for all display metrics defined in the 142 [`android.util.DisplayMetrics`]( 143 https://developer.android.com/reference/android/util/DisplayMetrics.html) API. 144 145If device implementations does not include an embedded screen or video output, 146they: 147 148* [C-2-1] MUST report reasonable values for all display metrics defined in 149 the [`android.util.DisplayMetrics`]( 150 https://developer.android.com/reference/android/util/DisplayMetrics.html) API 151 for the emulated default `view.Display`. 152 153 154 155### 7.1.3\. Screen Orientation 156 157Device implementations: 158 159* [C-0-1] MUST report which screen orientations they support 160 (`android.hardware.screen.portrait` and/or 161 `android.hardware.screen.landscape`) and MUST report at least one supported 162 orientation. For example, a device with a fixed orientation landscape 163 screen, such as a television or laptop, SHOULD only 164 report `android.hardware.screen.landscape`. 165* [C-0-2] MUST report the correct value for the device’s current 166 orientation, whenever queried via the 167 `android.content.res.Configuration.orientation`, 168 `android.view.Display.getOrientation()`, or other APIs. 169 170If device implementations support both screen orientations, they: 171 172* [C-1-1] MUST support dynamic orientation by applications to either portrait or landscape screen 173 orientation. That is, the device must respect the application’s request for a specific screen 174 orientation. 175* [C-1-2] MUST NOT change the reported screen size or density when changing orientation. 176* MAY select either portrait or landscape orientation as the default. 177 178 179### 7.1.4\. 2D and 3D Graphics Acceleration 180 181#### 7.1.4.1 OpenGL ES 182 183Device implementations: 184 185* [C-0-1] MUST correctly identify the supported OpenGL ES versions (1.1, 2.0, 186 3.0, 3.1, 3.2) through the managed APIs (such as via the 187 `GLES10.getString()` method) and the native APIs. 188* [C-0-2] MUST include the support for all the corresponding managed APIs and 189 native APIs for every OpenGL ES versions they identified to support. 190 191If device implementations include a screen or video output, they: 192 193* [C-1-1] MUST support both OpenGL ES 1.0 and 2.0, as embodied and detailed 194 in the [Android SDK documentation]( 195 https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/graphics/opengl.html). 196* [SR] are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to support OpenGL ES 3.0. 197* SHOULD support OpenGL ES 3.1 or 3.2. 198 199If device implementations support any of the OpenGL ES versions, they: 200 201* [C-2-1] MUST report via the OpenGL ES managed APIs and native APIs any 202 other OpenGL ES extensions they have implemented, and conversely MUST 203 NOT report extension strings that they do not support. 204* [C-2-2] MUST support the `EGL_KHR_image`, `EGL_KHR_image_base`, 205 `EGL_ANDROID_image_native_buffer`, `EGL_ANDROID_get_native_client_buffer`, 206 `EGL_KHR_wait_sync`, `EGL_KHR_get_all_proc_addresses`, 207 `EGL_ANDROID_presentation_time`, `EGL_KHR_swap_buffers_with_damage` and 208 `EGL_ANDROID_recordable` extensions. 209* [SR] are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to support EGL_KHR_partial_update. 210* SHOULD accurately report via the `getString()` method, any texture 211 compression format that they support, which is typically vendor-specific. 212 213If device implementations declare support for OpenGL ES 3.0, 3.1, or 3.2, they: 214 215* [C-3-1] MUST export the corresponding function symbols for these version in 216 addition to the OpenGL ES 2.0 function symbols in the libGLESv2.so library. 217 218If device implementations support OpenGL ES 3.2, they: 219 220* [C-4-1] MUST support the OpenGL ES Android Extension Pack in its entirety. 221 222If device implementations support the OpenGL ES [Android Extension Pack]( 223https://developer.android.com/reference/android/opengl/GLES31Ext.html) in its 224entirety, they: 225 226* [C-5-1] MUST identify the support through the `android.hardware.opengles.aep` 227 feature flag. 228 229If device implementations expose support for the `EGL_KHR_mutable_render_buffer` 230extension, they: 231 232* [C-6-1] MUST also support the `EGL_ANDROID_front_buffer_auto_refresh` 233 extension. 234 235#### 7.1.4.2 Vulkan 236 237Android includes support for [Vulkan]( 238https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.0-wsi&lowbarextensions/xhtml/vkspec.html) 239, a low-overhead, cross-platform API for high-performance 3D graphics. 240 241If device implementations support OpenGL ES 3.0 or 3.1, they: 242 243* [SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to include support for Vulkan 1.0 . 244 245If device implementations include a screen or video output, they: 246 247* SHOULD include support for Vulkan 1.0. 248 249Device implementations, if including support for Vulkan 1.0: 250 251* [C-1-1] MUST report the correct integer value with the 252 `android.hardware.vulkan.level` and `android.hardware.vulkan.version` 253 feature flags. 254* [C-1-2] MUST enumarate, at least one `VkPhysicalDevice` for the Vulkan 255 native API [`vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices()`]( 256 https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.0/man/html/vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices.html) 257 . 258* [C-1-3] MUST fully implement the Vulkan 1.0 APIs for each enumerated 259 `VkPhysicalDevice`. 260* [C-1-4] MUST enumerate layers, contained in native libraries named as 261 `libVkLayer*.so` in the application package’s native library directory, 262 through the Vulkan native APIs [`vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties()`]( 263 https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.0/man/html/vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties.html) 264 and [`vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties()`]( 265 https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.0/man/html/vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties.html) 266 . 267* [C-1-5] MUST NOT enumerate layers provided by libraries outside of the 268 application package, or provide other ways of tracing or intercepting the 269 Vulkan API, unless the application has the `android:debuggable` attribute 270 set as `true`. 271* [C-1-6] MUST report all extension strings that they do support via the 272 Vulkan native APIs , and conversely MUST NOT report extension strings 273 that they do not correctly support. 274 275Device implementations, if not including support for Vulkan 1.0: 276 277* [C-2-1] MUST NOT declare any of the Vulkan feature flags (e.g. 278 `android.hardware.vulkan.level`, `android.hardware.vulkan.version`). 279* [C-2-2] MUST NOT enumarate any `VkPhysicalDevice` for the Vulkan native API 280 `vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices()`. 281 282#### 7.1.4.3 RenderScript 283 284* [C-0-1] Device implementations MUST support [Android RenderScript]( 285 http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/renderscript/), as detailed 286 in the Android SDK documentation. 287 288#### 7.1.4.4 2D Graphics Acceleration 289 290Android includes a mechanism for applications to declare that they want to 291enable hardware acceleration for 2D graphics at the Application, Activity, 292Window, or View level through the use of a manifest tag 293[android:hardwareAccelerated]( 294http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/graphics/hardware-accel.html) 295or direct API calls. 296 297Device implementations: 298 299* [C-0-1] MUST enable hardware acceleration by default, and MUST 300 disable hardware acceleration if the developer so requests by setting 301 android:hardwareAccelerated="false” or disabling hardware acceleration 302 directly through the Android View APIs. 303* [C-0-2] MUST exhibit behavior consistent with the 304 Android SDK documentation on [hardware acceleration]( 305 http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/graphics/hardware-accel.html). 306 307Android includes a TextureView object that lets developers directly integrate 308hardware-accelerated OpenGL ES textures as rendering targets in a UI hierarchy. 309 310Device implementations: 311 312* [C-0-3] MUST support the TextureView API, and MUST exhibit 313 consistent behavior with the upstream Android implementation. 314 315#### 7.1.4.5 Wide-gamut Displays 316 317If device implementations claim support for wide-gamut displays through 318[`Configuration.isScreenWideColorGamut()` 319](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/res/Configuration.html#isScreenWideColorGamut%28%29) 320, they: 321 322* [C-1-1] MUST have a color-calibrated display. 323* [C-1-2] MUST have a display whose gamut covers the sRGB color gamut entirely 324 in CIE 1931 xyY space. 325* [C-1-3] MUST have a display whose gamut has an area of at least 90% of NTSC 326 1953 in CIE 1931 xyY space. 327* [C-1-4] MUST support OpenGL ES 3.0, 3.1, or 3.2 and report it properly. 328* [C-1-5] MUST advertise support for the `EGL_KHR_no_config_context`, 329 `EGL_EXT_pixel_format_float`,`EGL_KHR_gl_colorspace`, 330 `EGL_EXT_colorspace_scrgb_linear`, and `EGL_GL_colorspace_display_p3` 331 extensions. 332* [SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to support `GL_EXT_sRGB`. 333 334Conversely, if device implementations do not support wide-gamut displays, they: 335 336* [C-2-1] SHOULD cover 100% or more of sRGB in CIE 1931 xyY space, although 337 the screen color gamut is undefined. 338 339### 7.1.5\. Legacy Application Compatibility Mode 340 341Android specifies a “compatibility mode” in which the framework operates in a 342'normal' screen size equivalent (320dp width) mode for the benefit of legacy 343applications not developed for old versions of Android that pre-date 344screen-size independence. 345 346### 7.1.6\. Screen Technology 347 348The Android platform includes APIs that allow applications to render rich 349graphics to the display. Devices MUST support all of these APIs as defined by 350the Android SDK unless specifically allowed in this document. 351 352Device implementations: 353 354* [C-0-1] MUST support displays capable of rendering 16-bit color graphics. 355* SHOULD support displays capable of 24-bit color graphics. 356* [C-0-2] MUST support displays capable of rendering animations. 357* [C-0-3] MUST use the display technology that have a pixel aspect ratio (PAR) 358 between 0.9 and 1.15\. That is, the pixel aspect ratio MUST be near square 359 (1.0) with a 10 ~ 15% tolerance. 360 361### 7.1.7\. Secondary Displays 362 363Android includes support for secondary display to enable media sharing 364capabilities and developer APIs for accessing external displays. 365 366If device implementations support an external display either via a wired, 367wireless, or an embedded additional display connection, they: 368 369* [C-1-1] MUST implement the [`DisplayManager`]( 370 https://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardware/display/DisplayManager.html) 371 system service and API as described in the Android SDK documentation. 372