1<html> 2<head> 3<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> 4<title>2.�The GNU Free Documentation License</title> 5<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="vg_basic.css"> 6<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1"> 7<link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Valgrind Documentation"> 8<link rel="up" href="licenses.html" title="GNU Licenses"> 9<link rel="prev" href="license.gpl.html" title="1.�The GNU General Public License"> 10</head> 11<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> 12<div><table class="nav" width="100%" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="3" border="0" summary="Navigation header"><tr> 13<td width="22px" align="center" valign="middle"><a accesskey="p" href="license.gpl.html"><img src="images/prev.png" width="18" height="21" border="0" alt="Prev"></a></td> 14<td width="25px" align="center" valign="middle"><a accesskey="u" href="licenses.html"><img src="images/up.png" width="21" 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35The�purpose�of�this�License�is�to�make�a�manual,�textbook,�or�other<br> 36functional�and�useful�document�"free"�in�the�sense�of�freedom:�to<br> 37assure�everyone�the�effective�freedom�to�copy�and�redistribute�it,<br> 38with�or�without�modifying�it,�either�commercially�or�noncommercially.<br> 39Secondarily,�this�License�preserves�for�the�author�and�publisher�a�way<br> 40to�get�credit�for�their�work,�while�not�being�considered�responsible<br> 41for�modifications�made�by�others.<br> 42<br> 43This�License�is�a�kind�of�"copyleft",�which�means�that�derivative<br> 44works�of�the�document�must�themselves�be�free�in�the�same�sense.��It<br> 45complements�the�GNU�General�Public�License,�which�is�a�copyleft<br> 46license�designed�for�free�software.<br> 47<br> 48We�have�designed�this�License�in�order�to�use�it�for�manuals�for�free<br> 49software,�because�free�software�needs�free�documentation:�a�free<br> 50program�should�come�with�manuals�providing�the�same�freedoms�that�the<br> 51software�does.��But�this�License�is�not�limited�to�software�manuals;<br> 52it�can�be�used�for�any�textual�work,�regardless�of�subject�matter�or<br> 53whether�it�is�published�as�a�printed�book.��We�recommend�this�License<br> 54principally�for�works�whose�purpose�is�instruction�or�reference.<br> 55<br> 56<br> 571.�APPLICABILITY�AND�DEFINITIONS<br> 58<br> 59This�License�applies�to�any�manual�or�other�work,�in�any�medium,�that<br> 60contains�a�notice�placed�by�the�copyright�holder�saying�it�can�be<br> 61distributed�under�the�terms�of�this�License.��Such�a�notice�grants�a<br> 62world-wide,�royalty-free�license,�unlimited�in�duration,�to�use�that<br> 63work�under�the�conditions�stated�herein.��The�"Document",�below,<br> 64refers�to�any�such�manual�or�work.��Any�member�of�the�public�is�a<br> 65licensee,�and�is�addressed�as�"you".��You�accept�the�license�if�you<br> 66copy,�modify�or�distribute�the�work�in�a�way�requiring�permission<br> 67under�copyright�law.<br> 68<br> 69A�"Modified�Version"�of�the�Document�means�any�work�containing�the<br> 70Document�or�a�portion�of�it,�either�copied�verbatim,�or�with<br> 71modifications�and/or�translated�into�another�language.<br> 72<br> 73A�"Secondary�Section"�is�a�named�appendix�or�a�front-matter�section�of<br> 74the�Document�that�deals�exclusively�with�the�relationship�of�the<br> 75publishers�or�authors�of�the�Document�to�the�Document's�overall�subject<br> 76(or�to�related�matters)�and�contains�nothing�that�could�fall�directly<br> 77within�that�overall�subject.��(Thus,�if�the�Document�is�in�part�a<br> 78textbook�of�mathematics,�a�Secondary�Section�may�not�explain�any<br> 79mathematics.)��The�relationship�could�be�a�matter�of�historical<br> 80connection�with�the�subject�or�with�related�matters,�or�of�legal,<br> 81commercial,�philosophical,�ethical�or�political�position�regarding<br> 82them.<br> 83<br> 84The�"Invariant�Sections"�are�certain�Secondary�Sections�whose�titles<br> 85are�designated,�as�being�those�of�Invariant�Sections,�in�the�notice<br> 86that�says�that�the�Document�is�released�under�this�License.��If�a<br> 87section�does�not�fit�the�above�definition�of�Secondary�then�it�is�not<br> 88allowed�to�be�designated�as�Invariant.��The�Document�may�contain�zero<br> 89Invariant�Sections.��If�the�Document�does�not�identify�any�Invariant<br> 90Sections�then�there�are�none.<br> 91<br> 92The�"Cover�Texts"�are�certain�short�passages�of�text�that�are�listed,<br> 93as�Front-Cover�Texts�or�Back-Cover�Texts,�in�the�notice�that�says�that<br> 94the�Document�is�released�under�this�License.��A�Front-Cover�Text�may<br> 95be�at�most�5�words,�and�a�Back-Cover�Text�may�be�at�most�25�words.<br> 96<br> 97A�"Transparent"�copy�of�the�Document�means�a�machine-readable�copy,<br> 98represented�in�a�format�whose�specification�is�available�to�the<br> 99general�public,�that�is�suitable�for�revising�the�document<br> 100straightforwardly�with�generic�text�editors�or�(for�images�composed�of<br> 101pixels)�generic�paint�programs�or�(for�drawings)�some�widely�available<br> 102drawing�editor,�and�that�is�suitable�for�input�to�text�formatters�or<br> 103for�automatic�translation�to�a�variety�of�formats�suitable�for�input<br> 104to�text�formatters.��A�copy�made�in�an�otherwise�Transparent�file<br> 105format�whose�markup,�or�absence�of�markup,�has�been�arranged�to�thwart<br> 106or�discourage�subsequent�modification�by�readers�is�not�Transparent.<br> 107An�image�format�is�not�Transparent�if�used�for�any�substantial�amount<br> 108of�text.��A�copy�that�is�not�"Transparent"�is�called�"Opaque".<br> 109<br> 110Examples�of�suitable�formats�for�Transparent�copies�include�plain<br> 111ASCII�without�markup,�Texinfo�input�format,�LaTeX�input�format,�SGML<br> 112or�XML�using�a�publicly�available�DTD,�and�standard-conforming�simple<br> 113HTML,�PostScript�or�PDF�designed�for�human�modification.��Examples�of<br> 114transparent�image�formats�include�PNG,�XCF�and�JPG.��Opaque�formats<br> 115include�proprietary�formats�that�can�be�read�and�edited�only�by<br> 116proprietary�word�processors,�SGML�or�XML�for�which�the�DTD�and/or<br> 117processing�tools�are�not�generally�available,�and�the<br> 118machine-generated�HTML,�PostScript�or�PDF�produced�by�some�word<br> 119processors�for�output�purposes�only.<br> 120<br> 121The�"Title�Page"�means,�for�a�printed�book,�the�title�page�itself,<br> 122plus�such�following�pages�as�are�needed�to�hold,�legibly,�the�material<br> 123this�License�requires�to�appear�in�the�title�page.��For�works�in<br> 124formats�which�do�not�have�any�title�page�as�such,�"Title�Page"�means<br> 125the�text�near�the�most�prominent�appearance�of�the�work's�title,<br> 126preceding�the�beginning�of�the�body�of�the�text.<br> 127<br> 128A�section�"Entitled�XYZ"�means�a�named�subunit�of�the�Document�whose<br> 129title�either�is�precisely�XYZ�or�contains�XYZ�in�parentheses�following<br> 130text�that�translates�XYZ�in�another�language.��(Here�XYZ�stands�for�a<br> 131specific�section�name�mentioned�below,�such�as�"Acknowledgements",<br> 132"Dedications",�"Endorsements",�or�"History".)��To�"Preserve�the�Title"<br> 133of�such�a�section�when�you�modify�the�Document�means�that�it�remains�a<br> 134section�"Entitled�XYZ"�according�to�this�definition.<br> 135<br> 136The�Document�may�include�Warranty�Disclaimers�next�to�the�notice�which<br> 137states�that�this�License�applies�to�the�Document.��These�Warranty<br> 138Disclaimers�are�considered�to�be�included�by�reference�in�this<br> 139License,�but�only�as�regards�disclaiming�warranties:�any�other<br> 140implication�that�these�Warranty�Disclaimers�may�have�is�void�and�has<br> 141no�effect�on�the�meaning�of�this�License.<br> 142<br> 143<br> 1442.�VERBATIM�COPYING<br> 145<br> 146You�may�copy�and�distribute�the�Document�in�any�medium,�either<br> 147commercially�or�noncommercially,�provided�that�this�License,�the<br> 148copyright�notices,�and�the�license�notice�saying�this�License�applies<br> 149to�the�Document�are�reproduced�in�all�copies,�and�that�you�add�no�other<br> 150conditions�whatsoever�to�those�of�this�License.��You�may�not�use<br> 151technical�measures�to�obstruct�or�control�the�reading�or�further<br> 152copying�of�the�copies�you�make�or�distribute.��However,�you�may�accept<br> 153compensation�in�exchange�for�copies.��If�you�distribute�a�large�enough<br> 154number�of�copies�you�must�also�follow�the�conditions�in�section�3.<br> 155<br> 156You�may�also�lend�copies,�under�the�same�conditions�stated�above,�and<br> 157you�may�publicly�display�copies.<br> 158<br> 159<br> 1603.�COPYING�IN�QUANTITY<br> 161<br> 162If�you�publish�printed�copies�(or�copies�in�media�that�commonly�have<br> 163printed�covers)�of�the�Document,�numbering�more�than�100,�and�the<br> 164Document's�license�notice�requires�Cover�Texts,�you�must�enclose�the<br> 165copies�in�covers�that�carry,�clearly�and�legibly,�all�these�Cover<br> 166Texts:�Front-Cover�Texts�on�the�front�cover,�and�Back-Cover�Texts�on<br> 167the�back�cover.��Both�covers�must�also�clearly�and�legibly�identify<br> 168you�as�the�publisher�of�these�copies.��The�front�cover�must�present<br> 169the�full�title�with�all�words�of�the�title�equally�prominent�and<br> 170visible.��You�may�add�other�material�on�the�covers�in�addition.<br> 171Copying�with�changes�limited�to�the�covers,�as�long�as�they�preserve<br> 172the�title�of�the�Document�and�satisfy�these�conditions,�can�be�treated<br> 173as�verbatim�copying�in�other�respects.<br> 174<br> 175If�the�required�texts�for�either�cover�are�too�voluminous�to�fit<br> 176legibly,�you�should�put�the�first�ones�listed�(as�many�as�fit<br> 177reasonably)�on�the�actual�cover,�and�continue�the�rest�onto�adjacent<br> 178pages.<br> 179<br> 180If�you�publish�or�distribute�Opaque�copies�of�the�Document�numbering<br> 181more�than�100,�you�must�either�include�a�machine-readable�Transparent<br> 182copy�along�with�each�Opaque�copy,�or�state�in�or�with�each�Opaque�copy<br> 183a�computer-network�location�from�which�the�general�network-using<br> 184public�has�access�to�download�using�public-standard�network�protocols<br> 185a�complete�Transparent�copy�of�the�Document,�free�of�added�material.<br> 186If�you�use�the�latter�option,�you�must�take�reasonably�prudent�steps,<br> 187when�you�begin�distribution�of�Opaque�copies�in�quantity,�to�ensure<br> 188that�this�Transparent�copy�will�remain�thus�accessible�at�the�stated<br> 189location�until�at�least�one�year�after�the�last�time�you�distribute�an<br> 190Opaque�copy�(directly�or�through�your�agents�or�retailers)�of�that<br> 191edition�to�the�public.<br> 192<br> 193It�is�requested,�but�not�required,�that�you�contact�the�authors�of�the<br> 194Document�well�before�redistributing�any�large�number�of�copies,�to�give<br> 195them�a�chance�to�provide�you�with�an�updated�version�of�the�Document.<br> 196<br> 197<br> 1984.�MODIFICATIONS<br> 199<br> 200You�may�copy�and�distribute�a�Modified�Version�of�the�Document�under<br> 201the�conditions�of�sections�2�and�3�above,�provided�that�you�release<br> 202the�Modified�Version�under�precisely�this�License,�with�the�Modified<br> 203Version�filling�the�role�of�the�Document,�thus�licensing�distribution<br> 204and�modification�of�the�Modified�Version�to�whoever�possesses�a�copy<br> 205of�it.��In�addition,�you�must�do�these�things�in�the�Modified�Version:<br> 206<br> 207A.�Use�in�the�Title�Page�(and�on�the�covers,�if�any)�a�title�distinct<br> 208���from�that�of�the�Document,�and�from�those�of�previous�versions<br> 209���(which�should,�if�there�were�any,�be�listed�in�the�History�section<br> 210���of�the�Document).��You�may�use�the�same�title�as�a�previous�version<br> 211���if�the�original�publisher�of�that�version�gives�permission.<br> 212B.�List�on�the�Title�Page,�as�authors,�one�or�more�persons�or�entities<br> 213���responsible�for�authorship�of�the�modifications�in�the�Modified<br> 214���Version,�together�with�at�least�five�of�the�principal�authors�of�the<br> 215���Document�(all�of�its�principal�authors,�if�it�has�fewer�than�five),<br> 216���unless�they�release�you�from�this�requirement.<br> 217C.�State�on�the�Title�page�the�name�of�the�publisher�of�the<br> 218���Modified�Version,�as�the�publisher.<br> 219D.�Preserve�all�the�copyright�notices�of�the�Document.<br> 220E.�Add�an�appropriate�copyright�notice�for�your�modifications<br> 221���adjacent�to�the�other�copyright�notices.<br> 222F.�Include,�immediately�after�the�copyright�notices,�a�license�notice<br> 223���giving�the�public�permission�to�use�the�Modified�Version�under�the<br> 224���terms�of�this�License,�in�the�form�shown�in�the�Addendum�below.<br> 225G.�Preserve�in�that�license�notice�the�full�lists�of�Invariant�Sections<br> 226���and�required�Cover�Texts�given�in�the�Document's�license�notice.<br> 227H.�Include�an�unaltered�copy�of�this�License.<br> 228I.�Preserve�the�section�Entitled�"History",�Preserve�its�Title,�and�add<br> 229���to�it�an�item�stating�at�least�the�title,�year,�new�authors,�and<br> 230���publisher�of�the�Modified�Version�as�given�on�the�Title�Page.��If<br> 231���there�is�no�section�Entitled�"History"�in�the�Document,�create�one<br> 232���stating�the�title,�year,�authors,�and�publisher�of�the�Document�as<br> 233���given�on�its�Title�Page,�then�add�an�item�describing�the�Modified<br> 234���Version�as�stated�in�the�previous�sentence.<br> 235J.�Preserve�the�network�location,�if�any,�given�in�the�Document�for<br> 236���public�access�to�a�Transparent�copy�of�the�Document,�and�likewise<br> 237���the�network�locations�given�in�the�Document�for�previous�versions<br> 238���it�was�based�on.��These�may�be�placed�in�the�"History"�section.<br> 239���You�may�omit�a�network�location�for�a�work�that�was�published�at<br> 240���least�four�years�before�the�Document�itself,�or�if�the�original<br> 241���publisher�of�the�version�it�refers�to�gives�permission.<br> 242K.�For�any�section�Entitled�"Acknowledgements"�or�"Dedications",<br> 243���Preserve�the�Title�of�the�section,�and�preserve�in�the�section�all<br> 244���the�substance�and�tone�of�each�of�the�contributor�acknowledgements<br> 245���and/or�dedications�given�therein.<br> 246L.�Preserve�all�the�Invariant�Sections�of�the�Document,<br> 247���unaltered�in�their�text�and�in�their�titles.��Section�numbers<br> 248���or�the�equivalent�are�not�considered�part�of�the�section�titles.<br> 249M.�Delete�any�section�Entitled�"Endorsements".��Such�a�section<br> 250���may�not�be�included�in�the�Modified�Version.<br> 251N.�Do�not�retitle�any�existing�section�to�be�Entitled�"Endorsements"<br> 252���or�to�conflict�in�title�with�any�Invariant�Section.<br> 253O.�Preserve�any�Warranty�Disclaimers.<br> 254<br> 255If�the�Modified�Version�includes�new�front-matter�sections�or<br> 256appendices�that�qualify�as�Secondary�Sections�and�contain�no�material<br> 257copied�from�the�Document,�you�may�at�your�option�designate�some�or�all<br> 258of�these�sections�as�invariant.��To�do�this,�add�their�titles�to�the<br> 259list�of�Invariant�Sections�in�the�Modified�Version's�license�notice.<br> 260These�titles�must�be�distinct�from�any�other�section�titles.<br> 261<br> 262You�may�add�a�section�Entitled�"Endorsements",�provided�it�contains<br> 263nothing�but�endorsements�of�your�Modified�Version�by�various<br> 264parties--for�example,�statements�of�peer�review�or�that�the�text�has<br> 265been�approved�by�an�organization�as�the�authoritative�definition�of�a<br> 266standard.<br> 267<br> 268You�may�add�a�passage�of�up�to�five�words�as�a�Front-Cover�Text,�and�a<br> 269passage�of�up�to�25�words�as�a�Back-Cover�Text,�to�the�end�of�the�list<br> 270of�Cover�Texts�in�the�Modified�Version.��Only�one�passage�of<br> 271Front-Cover�Text�and�one�of�Back-Cover�Text�may�be�added�by�(or<br> 272through�arrangements�made�by)�any�one�entity.��If�the�Document�already<br> 273includes�a�cover�text�for�the�same�cover,�previously�added�by�you�or<br> 274by�arrangement�made�by�the�same�entity�you�are�acting�on�behalf�of,<br> 275you�may�not�add�another;�but�you�may�replace�the�old�one,�on�explicit<br> 276permission�from�the�previous�publisher�that�added�the�old�one.<br> 277<br> 278The�author(s)�and�publisher(s)�of�the�Document�do�not�by�this�License<br> 279give�permission�to�use�their�names�for�publicity�for�or�to�assert�or<br> 280imply�endorsement�of�any�Modified�Version.<br> 281<br> 282<br> 2835.�COMBINING�DOCUMENTS<br> 284<br> 285You�may�combine�the�Document�with�other�documents�released�under�this<br> 286License,�under�the�terms�defined�in�section�4�above�for�modified<br> 287versions,�provided�that�you�include�in�the�combination�all�of�the<br> 288Invariant�Sections�of�all�of�the�original�documents,�unmodified,�and<br> 289list�them�all�as�Invariant�Sections�of�your�combined�work�in�its<br> 290license�notice,�and�that�you�preserve�all�their�Warranty�Disclaimers.<br> 291<br> 292The�combined�work�need�only�contain�one�copy�of�this�License,�and<br> 293multiple�identical�Invariant�Sections�may�be�replaced�with�a�single<br> 294copy.��If�there�are�multiple�Invariant�Sections�with�the�same�name�but<br> 295different�contents,�make�the�title�of�each�such�section�unique�by<br> 296adding�at�the�end�of�it,�in�parentheses,�the�name�of�the�original<br> 297author�or�publisher�of�that�section�if�known,�or�else�a�unique�number.<br> 298Make�the�same�adjustment�to�the�section�titles�in�the�list�of<br> 299Invariant�Sections�in�the�license�notice�of�the�combined�work.<br> 300<br> 301In�the�combination,�you�must�combine�any�sections�Entitled�"History"<br> 302in�the�various�original�documents,�forming�one�section�Entitled<br> 303"History";�likewise�combine�any�sections�Entitled�"Acknowledgements",<br> 304and�any�sections�Entitled�"Dedications".��You�must�delete�all�sections<br> 305Entitled�"Endorsements".<br> 306<br> 307<br> 3086.�COLLECTIONS�OF�DOCUMENTS<br> 309<br> 310You�may�make�a�collection�consisting�of�the�Document�and�other�documents<br> 311released�under�this�License,�and�replace�the�individual�copies�of�this<br> 312License�in�the�various�documents�with�a�single�copy�that�is�included�in<br> 313the�collection,�provided�that�you�follow�the�rules�of�this�License�for<br> 314verbatim�copying�of�each�of�the�documents�in�all�other�respects.<br> 315<br> 316You�may�extract�a�single�document�from�such�a�collection,�and�distribute<br> 317it�individually�under�this�License,�provided�you�insert�a�copy�of�this<br> 318License�into�the�extracted�document,�and�follow�this�License�in�all<br> 319other�respects�regarding�verbatim�copying�of�that�document.<br> 320<br> 321<br> 3227.�AGGREGATION�WITH�INDEPENDENT�WORKS<br> 323<br> 324A�compilation�of�the�Document�or�its�derivatives�with�other�separate<br> 325and�independent�documents�or�works,�in�or�on�a�volume�of�a�storage�or<br> 326distribution�medium,�is�called�an�"aggregate"�if�the�copyright<br> 327resulting�from�the�compilation�is�not�used�to�limit�the�legal�rights<br> 328of�the�compilation's�users�beyond�what�the�individual�works�permit.<br> 329When�the�Document�is�included�in�an�aggregate,�this�License�does�not<br> 330apply�to�the�other�works�in�the�aggregate�which�are�not�themselves<br> 331derivative�works�of�the�Document.<br> 332<br> 333If�the�Cover�Text�requirement�of�section�3�is�applicable�to�these<br> 334copies�of�the�Document,�then�if�the�Document�is�less�than�one�half�of<br> 335the�entire�aggregate,�the�Document's�Cover�Texts�may�be�placed�on<br> 336covers�that�bracket�the�Document�within�the�aggregate,�or�the<br> 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